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Transitions
Volume 14, No. 4, June 2002

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Endnotes

1. Massachusetts Department of Education. Massachusetts High School Students and Sexual Orientation, Results of the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Boston, MA: The Dept, 1999. [http://www.state.ma.us/gcgly/yrbsfl99.html]
2. Savin-Williams RC. Verbal and physical abuse as stressors in the lives of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual youths: associations with school problems, running away, substance abuse, prostitution, and suicide. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994;62:261-69.
3. Earls M. Online interview conducted with 30 GLBTQ youth regarding their resources, perceptions, and support systems. Washington, DC: Advocates for Youth, 2002.
4. Downey JI. Sexual orientation issues in adolescent girls. Women's Health Issues 1994; 4:67-68.
5. Ryan C, Futterman D. Lesbian and Gay Youth: Care and Counseling. [Adolescent Medicine State-of-the-Art Review; v. 8, no. 2] Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, 1997.
6. _____. Stories of youth posted on www.youthresource.com/community/transgender/.Washington, DC: Advocates for Youth, 2001-2002.
7. Kosciw JG, Cullen MK. The School-Related Experiences of Our Nation's Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth: The GLSEN 2001 National School Climate Survey. New York: GLSEN, 2001.
8. Valleroy LA et al. HIV prevalence and associated risks in young men who have sex with men. JAMA 2000; 284:198-204.
9. Garofalo R et al. Sexual orientation and risk of suicide attempts among a representative sample of youth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153:487-93.
10. _____. The association between health risk behaviors and sexual orientation among a school-based sample of adolescents. Pediatrics 1998; 101:895-902.
11. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act. [PL 104-193.] Washington, DC: United States Congress, 1996.
12. Baldo M et al. Does Sex Education Lead to Earlier or Increased Sexual Activity in Youth, presented at the IXth International Conference on AIDS, Berlin, June 6-10, 1993. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993.
13. Office of the Surgeon General. The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Promote Sexual Health and Responsible Sexual Behavior. Washington: Office of the Surgeon General, 2001, [available on line at www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/sexualhealth/]. For recent evaluations of the effectiveness of comprehensive sex education versus the ineffectiveness of abstinence-only-until-marriage education, click here.
14. Kempner ME. Toward a Sexually Healthy America: Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs that Try to Keep Our Youth 'Scared Chaste.' New York: Sexuality Information & Education Council of the United States, 2001.
15. Blake SM et al. Preventing sexual risk behaviors among gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents: the benefits of gay-sensitive HIV instruction in schools. Amer J Public Health 2001; 91:940-6.
16. Diaz RM, Ayala G. Social Discrimination and Health: The Case of Latino Gay Men and HIV Risk. New York: Policy Institute of the National Gay & Lesbian Task Force, 2001.
17. Ryan C and Futterman D. Social developmental challenges for lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth SIECUS Report 2001; 29(4).
18. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. Young People at Risk: HIV/AIDS Among America's Youth. Atlanta, GA: The Centers, (2000).
19. Pagliaro S, Gipson M. Effective HIV/STD and Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs for Young Women of Color. Washington, DC: Advocates for Youth, 2000.
20. Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco. What are Asian and Pacific Islander HIV Prevention Needs? San Francisco: The Center, 1998.
21. Franka A. Discussions with staff of nongovernmental organizations during fact-finding trips to Central America. Washington, DC: Advocates for Youth, 2001-2002.
22. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. HIV/AIDS Among Hispanics in the United States. [http://www.thebody.com/cdc/hispanic2.html]
23. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. Taking Action to Combat Increases in STDs and HIV Risk among Men Who Have Sex with Men. Atlanta, GA: The Centers, 2001. [http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/od/nchstp.html]
24. White House Office of National AIDS Policy. Youth and HIV/AIDS 2000: A New American Agenda. Washington, DC: The Office, 2000.
25. Kaiser Family Foundation. National Survey of Teens on HIV/AIDS. Menlo Park, CA: The Foundation, 2000.
26. Futterman D et al. HIV and AIDS in adolescents. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2000; 47:171-187.
27. Diamant AL et al. Lesbians' sexual history with men: implications for taking a sexual history. Arch Internal Med 1999; 159:2730-36.
28. Saewyc EM et al. Sexual intercourse, abuse and pregnancy among adolescent women: does sexual orientation make a difference? Fam Plann Perspect 1999; 31:127-33.
29. Trussell J et al. Emergency contraceptive pills: a simple proposal to reduce unintended pregnancies. Fam Plann Perspect 1992; 24: 269-73.
30. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists. Emergency oral contraception. ACOG Practice Patterns 1996; 3:1-8.
31. Ryan CC, Futterman D. Lesbian adolescents. Health and Sexuality. ARHP 2001; v.6 no. 2:10-11.

Transitions (ISSN 1097-1254) © 2002, is a quarterly publication of Advocates for Youth—Helping young people make safe and responsible decisions about sex. For permission to reprint, contact Transitions' editor at 202.419.3420.

Editor: Sue Alford

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