Captain Right Whiteboys Cork 1790s

Cork

CAPTAIN RIGHT

& THE WHITEBOYS

In the 1790s

Reports & Notices from the ‘Hibernian Chronicle’

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Work in Progress – Years covered to date – 1790, 1791, 1793, 1794

www.corkancestors.com

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Notes in italics. County Cork placenames in bold type, names of the Whiteboys etc in bold capitals

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1790

February - [Editorial] - CORK – On Saturday the 30^th of January last, a number of Whiteboys, armed with guns, swords and sticks, came to the house of Thomas Hennesy of Shanlire, in the parish of White Church, which they broke open, and broke a chest where was a sum of above £9, which they carried away; they then took Hennesy’s two sons out of their beds, whom they beat cruelly and wounded in several places; they then carried them upwards of 5 miles and tied them to a post, issuing orders in the name of Captain Right, that they should not be released till 12 o clock the next day; not content with this, the came on Monday night and set fire to an out-house, where was a quantity of oats, both threshed and in sheaf, with other articles, which were also consumed.

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March – [Advertisement] - WHEREAS a gang of lawless Ruffians on Friday night, the 26^th of February last, forced Thomas Coleman out of his House, at Killeens in the North liberties, and used him in a most barbarous manner, by cutting and beating him with Swords and Clubs, after which they put him on one of their Horses, carried him across the Country, almost naked, near the Paper Mills beyond Blarney, where they tied him to a Gate, and ordered two Men out of the adjoining Cabbins to watch him, with directions to enlarge him until 10 o Clock next Day, for no other reason except taking some Land from me. Now in order to show my detestation of such outrageous Practices, and to bring to Justice such notorious Offenders, who had the presumption of writing me two letters in the Name of CAPTAIN RIGHT, threatening that my Land should be waste, if I did not continue the bad Tenants I had, I will pay a Reward of Fifty Pounds to any Person or Persons, who, in the space of three Months from this Date, will give such Informations against any two, or more, of the Ringleaders, and Thirty Pounds for one of them, so as they or he may be apprehended and convicted, and Ten Guineas for each of the others concerned in such atrocious Deeds – JOHN CREAGH, jun.

[Editorial] - CORK – COMMITTED to the County Goal since 18^th February …..by Sir Henry Mannix, Bart.,[Mannix, was based in Glanmire] JOHN KEEFE, AND CORNELIUS KEEFE, charged with several felonies on the White Boy act …..

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April – [Editorial] - CORK – COMMITTED to the County Goal since the 18^th inst. …..By William Galwey, Esq.[Galway was based at Mallow]; DENNIS HEALY AND DENNIS CONNELL, charged with having with several others in arms, assembled about the house of Michael Scanlan, and with compelling Mary Scanlan to open her [house?], and having feloniously tendered and administered several unlawful oaths to her …..

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October - [Advertisement] – By the Right Worshipful Richard Harris, Esq., Mayor of the City of CORK – A PROCLAMATION – WHEREAS I have received information on Oath, that on the Night of the 19^th Instant Five HORSES were feloniously stolen off the Lands of Dodges’ Glin, in the North Liberty, by some Person or Persons unknown, and which Horses were found next Morning on the Road leading to Blarney, with their Ears cut off, and otherwise most barbarously ill-treated. – NOW I the said RICHARD HARRIS, in order to shew my abhorrence of such wanton Outrages, to hereby offer a Reward of TWENTY POUNDS for apprehending each of the Persons concerned in said Felony within Three Months from the date hereof; and if any of the Persons concerned will give information against his Accomplices, so that any of them shall be Convicted, he shall not only be entitled to the said Reward, but application shall be made for his Majesty’s Pardon. – Mansion-House, Cork, Oct., 27, 1790 – RICHARD HARRIS, Mayor.

[Advertisement] – WHEREAS four HORSES of my property, and one belonging to Mr. Benjamin Stevens, were feloniously stolen from out of my Field, near Spring-lane, in the North Liberties of this City, on Tuesday night last; and whereas the said Horses were found the next morning near Blarney with their Ears cropped and otherwise very much abused. Now, in order to bring the Offenders to justice, I do hereby promise to pay the sum of FIVE GUINEAS Reward to the Person or Persons who will within six calendar Months, prosecute to conviction the Principal, or any one or more concerned in said felony. Cork Oct 23, 1790 – GEORGE DODGE

THE BLACKPOOL UNION will pay Twenty Guineas in addition to the above Reward offered by Mr. George Dodge; and also Five Guineas to any Person who shall give such private information to Mr. Francis Johnson, High Constable, or to any other Member, as will lead to Conviction. – Signed by order – JOHN FORSTER, President; JOHN HUTCHINSON, V. President.

[Advertisement] – WHEREAS several Persons being armed, and calling themselves WHITE BOYS, did on the Night of the 12of Sept last, go to the House of my Tenant, Bartholomew Bohilly, of the Parish of White Church, and having fired several Shots, and committed many acts of Outrages, obliged said Bohilly to get out of his bed and come out to them to receive the Orders of Captain Right, which were as follow:- That he said Bohilly, should immediately surrender the Grounds which he held from me, and that he should publish said surrender to the Congregation on the Sunday following at White Church Chapel, and at the same time public ally declare, that Captain Right would not suffer any Person to take said Grounds for three years, during which time the same should remain waste and untenanted. And whereas on the same night, a number of Ruffians went to the House of Mr. James Leeson, Parish priest of White Church, and delivered him a Letter of the like import with Captain Right’s Order, which they directed him to publish at his Chapel on the Sunday following, but which he with great propriety declined doing.

Now in order to punish such offender, I will pay a Reward of FIFTY GUINEAS to any person or Persons who shall within six months from this date, give me such informations will enable me to apprehend and prosecute to conviction, all or any of the persons concerned in either of the aforesaid Outrages. Richmond, Oct. 21, 1790 – HENRY MANNIX

P.S. This Advertisement should have appeared earlier, but that there were expectations of some of the Persons concerned being apprehended before this time.

At a Meeting of the GLANMIRE CLUB, October 23, 1790 – Abraham Morris, Esq., in the Chair, -RESOLVED, That we highly approve of the spirited Conduct of Sir Henry Mannix, Bart., as a Magistrate, and are of opinion that the late Outrage committed the 12^th of Sept on his Tenant, near White Church, was occasioned by his exertions as a Justice of the Peace. – Resolved, That we will give Sir Henry Mannix, Bart., every support in our power, and pay the Sum of FIFITY GUINEAS to the Person or Persons who shall within six Months prosecute to Conviction any one concerned in said Outrage. – Ordered to be Published in the Cork Papers – Abraham Morris.

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November – [Editorial] - CORK – Last Friday night, Mr. Wm. Alexander, High Constable, proceeded from this city, with a troop of the 18^th dragoons, to the lands of Farranshesherey, in this county, about twelve miles distance, where after a diligent search he took CORNELIUS KELLIHER, JOHN KELLIHER, BARTHOLOMEW DOWNEY, MARY KELLIHER, ELLEN KELLIHER, AND MARY KELLIHER, all charged by information before James Wallis, Esq., with having on the 27^th of October last attacked two men, who had a power from Mr. Morgan M’Swiney, to destrain the stock and corn of said lands for rent due to him, they tied a rope about one of their necks, to the end of which they fastened a stone, forced him to the river, and threatened to throw him in of he did not give up the said power. They ten took the two men and threw them into a grave which they had dug, and again demanded the power in the name of Captain Right, and obliged them to take certain oaths which were administered to them by said Persons. They were committed to gaol by the Right Worshipful the Mayor.

[Editorial] - CORK – COMMITTED to the County Gaol since the 4^th of Sept …..By Samuel Jervois, Esq.,[Jervois was based at Brade], DARBY HURLEY charged with burglariously breaking open the door of the house of Mary Mahony, and entering therein with a number of White Boys, and destroying her goods to the amount of £4 …..By the Mayor of Cork, CORNELIUS, JOHN, MARY, ELLEN AND MARY KELEHER, AND BARTHOLOMEW DOWNEY, charged with unlawfully assembling with several others, on the night of the 27^th of October last, and with assaulting William Riordan and Martin Murphy, who were keepers over cattle and corn, which they seized for rent and arrears, due to Morgan Swiney, and with forcibly taking from them a power by which they seized said cattle; also charged feloniously rendering an oath to the said Riordan and Murphy, for a certain purpose, and also rescuing the said cattle out of their custody.

[Editorial] - CORK – COMMITTED to the County Gaol, by Wm. Galwey, Esq. [Galway was based at Mallow]; MAURICE CONNER, charged on the White-boy act with having in the Month of last September assembled with several others in the night time, and breaking into the house of Robert Hazell at Quartertown, and by force and violence taking away the said Hazell’s gun.

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December – [Letter to the Editor of the ‘Phoenix’ Newspaper, Dublin, reprinted in the ‘Hibernian Chronicle’] – To the EDITOR of the PHOENIX, SIR – THE application of the British Tanners to prevent the exportation of Bark to this country has alarmed the Tanners – and called afresh their leathern sins into their callous cheeks, sins which have gone nearly to abolish the Leather manufacture in Ireland – and to lay the foundation for the future supply of that article from the British Tannyards.

The scarcity of Bark – and the probability that Britain, who has ever cultivated our necessities as a source of her own emolument, will be equally assiduous on this head – amounts to an alarming evil.- It is one of those distant fruits of the Popery Laws in this country which, like the Police Act, were instituted after the abolition of the evils they were professedly designed to prevent – and which under the pretence of wholesome laws served but to sow dissension – hatred – and barrenness in the land, and to banish together our native oak with our native liberty.

From this point I am led to a digression, which however desultory, I trust you will permit me to indulge.

Had it not been for that narrow and tyrannical policy, falsely called the Protestant Interest in this country, Ireland would present at this day, one of the richest spots in cultivation and commerce, on the face of the globe.- But what has been the conduct of those men who call themselves our reformers? They first plundered the people of their property, and then of their reason. They debarred us of education, and then reproached us with out ignorance. They debased us to slaves, goaded us to resistance, and then reproached us as savages and rebels. They goad us under Tythes, Rack rents, and short Leases, and no sooner did the barren soil confess, in fertile smiles the efficacy of our labours, and flourish in luxuriance – moistened by the sweat of our brows, than they turned us out of our little pittance, and condemned, like Tantalus, to labour with new difficulties, that recoiled with more force, in proportion as we resisted them.

Thus ground down to lassitude by discouragement, and to dejection by ungrateful despots, we are reproached with laziness, if patient, and with savage ferocity if we murmur.

The heir, sick of the ruins and barbarism sown by the Gothic tyranny of his ancestors, quits the mansion of his family, and seeks the luxury and refinement of a foreign clime, his lands are condemned to Mortgage, and his groves and forests to the axe, in order to support his extravagance, his tenantry are oppressed and the face of his heritance desolated, for new supplies, and thus his plantation in Ireland, and the vassals that reside on it, are cropped every year to enrich the sister Country by the expenditure of his fortune.

Had a contrary conduct been observed what would have been the consequence? Had our goodly sister country not laboured to extirpate every vestige of literature and civilisation – had the natives been fostered to science, to education, and to the arts, instead of being banished from them, has they been encouraged to industry and agriculture by the hope of transferring the fruits of their labours to posterity, what would the country have been at this day? She would have been at that pitch of wealth, happiness and civilisation, that we have learned to value only when they are fled to a distance scarcely accessible, especially when still guarded from us by British policy.

If then the men of landed property in Ireland would consult their own interest, and that of their country, they would discountence the cavallings of party, and the fonds of prejudice. – They would come forward with their true weight to the Senate, and hear down little factions of beggarly placement and placehunters, they would state their grievances and assert the rights of their country, they would consider the Monarch as the common father of his people, and they would tell him like men who, while they revere their Prince, knew the value of their loyalty, and the ground work of their birth-right; that however pledged to support the crown and dignity in common with another nation, they have a right to enjoy the same protection to the manufactures, and freedom to their commerce, internally and externally, with any other branch of the Empire.

As home they would encourage the industry, the decent education, and the morals of their tenantry, and teach men to be prosperous by industry, and happy by fairly enjoying the fruits of it.

Then would the peasant of Ireland wear whole clothes, take the milk of the cow, and eat the bread of the field, unmoistened by the tear of affliction. Then would the fields laugh and sing, then would the hardy young native pant with eagerness to till the soil whose fruits were to repay his labours, then would desolation and barrenness fly the land, and every bleak mountains waving with the verdant foliage of rising forests, and every hedge row clad in the green and venerable grandeur of our native oaks, bid industry smile where despondency so long mourned.

The landlord that oppresses his own tenantry is a foe to his own interest, and of course to his posterity, for so long as the residence of the soil is rendered grievous by its Lords, Industry will never fix her abode there. It is not in the titular honours of nobility, nor the aggrandisements of ambitious politicians that Ireland can be made happy. It is in the equal and perfect liberty of her people and prosperity of her agriculture, her manufactures and her commerce. And the steps that lead to these are the vestiges for a true patriot. – MELIBEUS

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1791

January – [Editorial] - CORK – COMMITTED To the County Gaol since 1^st November …..By Wm. Richard Hull, Esq.[Hull was based at Lemcon], THOS. DONOVAN, charged with being concerned with several others in feloniously pulling down and [destroying?] the walls of a house, the property of Keady Donovan.

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August – [Editorial] - CORK - Last Friday Mr. Alexander, our High Constable, attended by a party of the County Police, went in quest of White-Boys who were expected to assemble at Curriheen in the South Suburbs, when two of them were apprehended, one of them whose name is HORROGAN, made off. The other OWEN LINAHAN, says that on Thursday night he was cutting turf at the bog of Ardrostig, a boy came to him and said that HORROGAN desired him to come to the kiln at Curriheen to meet the White Boys on Friday night, where firelocks would be furnished. That the horse the prisoner rode there was the property of James Neal near Glasheen, taken without his knowledge, and that the business to be transacted at the kiln was to swear the people the Ovens parish not to buy tythes of Murphy, Proctor to the Rev. Mr. Pratt, but according to Captain Right's rules. Two men belonging to Mr. Alexander, who were on foot, and through the darkness of the night strayed from him, fell in with two parties of White-Boys on horseback, armed with guns, who were examined and searched for arms, by these misguided people, who said they were looking for a proctor.

Saturday LINNAHAN was examined before the Mayor, and fully committed for trial.

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September – [Editorial] - CORK - On the night of Friday last, a most barbarous murder was committed at Kilcrea. A part of White Boys came to the house of ….. and honest and industrious ……lately taken some Tythes …..laws of Captain Right, one of …..villains that the poor man in the head, who expired immediately. On Monday the Coroner went out and held an Inquest on the body. [print is faded on this page]

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October – [Editorial] - CORK – On Thursday night last, a large party of White Boys came to the house of Mr. Casey in the parish of Kilkully, within two miles of Cork, with an intent, no doubt, of getting arms, and maltreating the family but were received so warmly that they precipitately retreated without effecting their purpose. Mr. Casey fired shot shots, and had not his blunderbuss missed fire, would have committed dreadful havoc among them; a vast deal of blood was seen in the morning, in the yard and on the road, whence it is conjectured some of them must have been, if not mortally, at least desperately wounded.

[Advertisement] - … A PROCLAMATION – WHEREAS it appears by Information sworn on Oath before the MAYOR, that on the Night of the 6^th Instant, about the Hour of Eleven or Twelve o Clock, a Number of riotous Persons unknown, stiled White Boys, assembled round the House of Mr. George Casey, of Killcully, in the North Liberties, forced open the outside Door of said House, entered the same, and fired a Shot, demanding Saddles, Bridles, and Firearms, and on being told by Mr. Casey, that he had not any, they attempted and did actually break open the Door of the Bedroom of Mr. George Casey, the younger, whereupon the said Casey fired amongst them, and, it is apprehended, wounded one or more of them, as they immediately quitted the House, but some of the Party continued outside and fired several shots into the said Bed-room, which were near wounding said Casey, who shortly after made his escape out of a back Window of said House, and ran away for safety of his Life.

Now, WE, the Mayor and Sheriffs, in order to shew our Detestation and Abhorrence of all such outrageous Acts, and firm Resolution to support the Laws of our Country, and every Individual placed under our Protection as Magistrates, do hereby offer a Reward of ONE HUNDRED POUNDS to such Person or Persons as shall within three Months from the Date hereof, apprehended, and prosecute to Conviction any of the said Rioters or White Boys …..

[Editorial] - CORK – COMMITTED on the 16^th inst to the County Gaol, by Rob. Hutchinson, Esq.[Hutchinson was based at Codrum], J. LYNCHY, of Gurtnetubrid, charged on oath with being concerned in feloniously setting on fire in the dead hour of the night between Friday and Saturday last, the house of Abraham Morgan, of Ballinakerny, in the Parish of Ballyvourney, with the malicious intent of destroying Tho. Wray, Esq., Inspector General of hearths, Denis Flyn, Esq., Supervisor, Mr. Robert Martin, Collector, and a Serjeant, Corporal, and 12 Soldiers who slept in said house and had been on duty in collecting his Majesty’s hearthmonies.

The above diabolical attempt on the lives of Mr. Wray and his party had nearly proved fatal to them. The fire was first discovered by Mr. Wray near the head of his bed, he had just time to alarm the party and family, who were but a few minutes out of the house, when the roofs and floors fell in, and the house, furniture, barn and every thing therein were consumed to ashes. The gentlemen left part of their cloaths behind in effecting their escape, and two cases of loaded pistols in their room were successively discharged by the fire and immediately on their quitting it.

And express arrived at five o clock in the morning to Col. R. Hutchinson, near Macromp, about seven miles from the place; he instantly went to the spot, and from the informations and circumstances discovered, no doubt can arise but the spirited exertions of this active Magistrate will bring to justice the perpetrators of this horrid transaction, disgraceful to any civilized Country.

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November – [Editorial] - CORK – COMMITTED. The first instant to the County Gaol, by R. Hutchinson, Esq., TIMOTHY TOOMY, OTHERWISE BAUN, of Ballymakeery, in the Parish of Ballivorney, for feloniously tendering and administering an oath to Abraham Morgan, of Ballinakerry, on the evening of the night his house was set on fire.

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December – [Editorial] - CORK – COMMITTED. On the 29^th Nov. to the County Gaol by John Swete, Esq., CORNELIUS RIORDAN and JOHN TWOMY, charged by information before Sir Robert Warren, Bart.[Warren was based at Warrenscourt, Kilmurry], with destroying hay and corn the property of Cornelius Leary, Andrew Gully, and Timothy Healy, on the night of the 30^th Sept. last, and administering oaths to the said Cornelius Leary, and Timothy Healy, that they should send powder and shot to the house of DARBY FOORHANE, of Cahirhegan.

[Editorial] - CORK – Yesterday the High Sheriff [Arthur O Connor] convened the Parishioners of Clondrohid to represent to them the consequences of their nightly meetings, when with one voice, they confessed their error, pledging themselves in the most solemn manner never to have recourse to such practices in future, but pleaded their sufferings from exorbitant charges for their the, which amounted to more for their potatoes than the rent of the ground in which they were set amounted to. This they offered to prove by the oaths of the most respectable farmers of the parish, but which the High Sheriff declined hearing, alledging that however strong his wish was to represent their grievances to Government, the restoring the laws to their full force must precede it, of which he could not be certain as long as a single gun remained in improper hands in the whole parish, whereon the parishioners promised to give them up, and to perform any other act the High Sheriff may require to assure himself of their sincerity.

In consequence of the unaccommodating disposition of the High Sheriff to receive all the White Boys found in the newspapers, its thought the City Goal may obviate the inconvenience, and the only difference will be, that the White Boys must commit their depredations in the County of the City, instead of their wonted spacious field – the County.

[Editorial] - CORK – We have authority to assert, that the Rector of Clondrohid did last September offer, and is still willing to accept from his Parishioners, the annual sum of three hundred pounds in a Rent or a Composition for the Tythes of that Parish, though it contains at least forty square miles, and twenty years ago had been set for four hundred pounds a year.

[Advertisement] – Last Tuesday a most respectable Deputation of the ROMAN CATHOLICS of this City and County waited on the High Sheriff of this County with the following Address :

THE ROMAN CATHOLICS of the City and County of Cork are extremely grateful for the Justice done to their Sentiments by ARTHUR O CONNOR, Esq., High Sheriff of this County, in his Address to the Gentlemen and Yeomen, and are most cordially disposed ever to persevere in that line of Conduct which ahs met his Approbation, and will, they hope, always entitle them to the Favours and Protection of a liberal and enlightened Government. – Signed by Order of the Meeting – WILLIAM FLYN [Printer of the Hibernian Chronicle], Secretary, Cork

The Answer of the High Sheriff to the ROMAN CATHOLICS of the City and County of Cork.

GENTLEMEN – I HAVE done you no more than Justice. – Its to the Propriety of your Conduct you owe the public Avowal I have made; and the Sense I entertain of your Prudence and Moderation leaves me no room to doubt that a like Perseverance will, at all times, justify ….. promote your interest with this and every future Government. – I have the Honour to be, GENTLEMAN, your faithful and very obedient humble Servant, ARTHUR O CONNOR, Castlemary

[Advertisement] – AT A GENERAL MEETING OF THE MEMBERS OF THE HANOVER ASSOCIATION, Held at the King’s Arms Tavern, the 7^th Day of December, 1791. – The Right Honourable THE EARL OF SHANNON in the Cahir

Resolved, THAT we will pay the Sum of FIFTY POUNDS to any Person or Persons, who shall within Twelve Months give such private Information to the President, Vice President, Treasurer, or Secretary, as shall lead to the discovery and apprehending of any one or more, of that description of Men called WHITE BOYS, provided such Person or Persons, shall be capitally convicted.

Resolved, THAT we will pay the Sum of FIFTY POUNDS to any Person or Persons, who shall first prosecute to conviction any one of such Offenders, and Twenty Pounds for each and every of the next three, who shall be so convicted.

Resolved, THAT we will pay the Sum of TEN POUNDS to any Person or Persons, who shall prosecute to conviction, each and every of the first three Persons, who have been or shall be guilty of any Misdemeanours, under an Act passed in the 27^th year of his Majesty’s reign, entitled, an Act to prevent Tumultuous Risings.

Resolved, That the Members of this Association pledge themselves to each other, and to the Public, that, so far as they may have power over their Tenantry, they will not continue under them any person or Persons who shall be hereafter guilty of being in any respect concerned, or engaged in any Disturbances which may be committed by the above description of People.

The Right Worship the MAYOR, being called to the Chair.

Resolved unanimously, That our sincere Thanks are hereby given to the Right Honourable the EARL of SHANNON, for the unvaried attention, which, at all times, and in all situations, he has manifested for the peace and happiness of the County and City of Cork.

By Order, B. HAYES, Secretary

[Editorial] - CORK – We have authority to mention, that the tythes of Clondrohid were rented from a former Rector in 1778 and 1779 for £250 a year by a Gentleman of some property in the parish, who, tho’ he stood upon terms of friendship with most of the landlords, lost by the dealing. The tythes of the two subsequent years were held at the same rent by a Gentleman of considerable fortune and influence, who resides in the parish – but, notwithstanding these circumstances, lost also by the agreement. As those periods were prior to even the appearance of White-boys in that parish, the reduction of the Rector’s income, which, it is said, once amounted to £400, should not be imputed to these deluded people; - its real cause is the low price of potatoes which now sell for 2 ½ d a weight, (a circumstance that must give pleasure to every humane person) but sold about twenty years ago, at the enormous prices of [11?]d a weight.- This cause will appear more evident to a discerning public, when it is known, that the tythe of the Rector’s income, and that, except in the demesnes of one or two Gentlemen, there is not half an acre of either wheat or barley in this mountainous tract.

[Advertisement] – THE MAGISTRACY – Amongst the names of those Gentlemen omitted in the list of Magistracy for this County, that of ROGER CONNOR, ESQ., is mentioned:-

The Cork Gazette should have discriminated between those left out from choice of the Magistrates, and of Government.

It is impossible to suppose that a man of MR. CONNOR’S consequence, knowledge, and integrity, (for he was the best Magistrate this County ever had) must not be deemed an honour to the office – and on enquiry we find that, at Mr. Connor’s own request, he has been released from an employment which he considered too troublesome, and which he some time ago resigned.

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1792

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1793

June – [Editorial] - CORK – Committed to the County Gaol by … Thomas Hungerford, Esq. [Hungerford was based at Union Hall]; DANIEL DONOVAN, charged with having violently assaulted Richard Hungerford, Esq., at the fair of Newmill. By John Dennis, Esq., MATHIAS and JULIAN SPILLANE, charged with stealing a mare with other articles, which were distrained for rent due to Margaret Rogers. …..By Henry Cox, Esq.; JOHN RICK DONOVAN, charged with high treason, in having given money for the purpose of enlisting a man to serve in the present war, under the convention of France.

July – [Editorial] - CORK – .....The same day [Sunday] some disposition to insurrection being manifested by the people at Mitchelstown, Lord Kingsborough sent to Clogheen and Cork for some horse, who are said to have arrived in time to prevent mischief.

[Editorial] - CORK – The Lord Lieutenant and Council have issued a proclamation offering a reward of £100 for brining such offenders as administer unlawful and seditious oaths to …….Saturday morning three troops of Horse passed through this City on their way from Bandon to the County of Limerick, to reduce the Insurgents in that quarter to a state of tranquillity.

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1794 – ‘The Whiteboys Are Up’

February – [Editorial] - CORK – Extract of a Letter from Bandon, Feb. 21 – ‘On Wednesday last accounts came to this Town, that those deluded People called White Boys, were up in considerable numbers about Dunmanway, Ballyhaneen [?Ballineen], and Inniskeane [Enniskeane], several persons were sworn by them to pay no Taxes, Hearth-money, or Tythes, and to obey Captain Right in all his orders, they threatened to come to Bandon. – The Union Corps immediately turned out, and offered its service with the Army in any manner they thought proper, for the public defence. On Thursday that active Magistrate Henry Cox, Esq; from Dunmanway, took a Guard of the Union into the suburbs of this Town, where he made a Prisoner and safely lodged him in the Barracks: Same day Lieutenant Powell, with a party of the 14^th Light Dragoons, attended by a Magistrate scoured the Country, thro’ Inniskean, Ballyhaneen, &c. – The Country at present wears the appearance of quiet, and it is hoped, that those poor People who are leading to their ruin by designing men, may [for?] time see their error of flying in the face of the Laws of their Country. A large party of Infantry are gone to Dunmanway to attend on Mr. Cox.’

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March – [Editorial] - CORK – Extract of a letter from Inniskean [Enniskeane], dated Feb. 28^th, 1794, to a Gentleman in this city – ‘We were much astonished to see in the Hibernian Chronicle of Thursday last, in an extract of a letter from Bandon, that a number of White Boys were up about this town. Let me assure you Sir, that Mr. O Connor takes much better care of the parish of Kinneigh, than suffer such illegal proceedings; there was no such thing as a White Boy, or any unlawful Assembly or proceeding in this town or parish. The inhabitants of which are too firmly attached to Mr. O Connor, and of course to the laws, either to act or to suffer others to act in such manner.’

Committed to the County Gaol by Henry Cox, Esq; CHRISTOPHER WEBB, CORNELIUS DESMOND, TIMOTHY COLLINS, and JOHN SEALY, charged with having feloniously administered unlawful oaths.

[Editorial] - CORK – Yesterday about 300 infatuated men, came from the Parish of White Church to Carnavar [Carrignavar], the seat of Robert M’Carty, Esq; Mr. M’Carthy, in a most humane manner recommended them to disperse, and return home peacefully, otherwise that he must as a Justice of the Peace have them apprehended. On this they adjourned their meeting to a glin, at some distance, where they had not remained long before they were surrounded by the Light Horse and a party of the Militia, who took 185, brought them prisoners to this city, and they were confined last night in the South Gaol [Cork]. The ringleaders we hear escaped. Those apprehended are to be brought up this day to the Mansion House [Mayor’s residence, Cork] for examination.

[Advertisement] – A Meeting of the Magistrates and Gentlemen of the Town and Vicinity of Bandon, is requested at Sweeny’s in Bandon, at 12 o Clock, on Saturday next, to take into consideration the Outrages in their respective Neighbourhoods.

[Editorial] - CORK – Yesterday Sir Henry Mannix, attended by a party of cavalry, made a very extensive circuit through the parishes of Carrigtohill and the Great Island, and went to different Roman Catholic Chapels, where he was informed that some tumultuous persons proposed to administer illegal oaths. In his progress he received information against numbers who have been concerned in tendering such oaths. It is said that Sir Henry has expressed great satisfaction at the spirited opposition that all the Gentlemen of the country through which he passed, seem determined to give to proceedings, which must bring disgrace upon the country where they are suffered to continue, and terminate in the ruin of the ignorant and ill-advised perpetrators. It is hoped that meetings of these Gentlemen will be held immediately in the different baronies, for the purpose of suppressing riot.

Extract of a Letter from Richard White, Esq; of Bantry, to a Gentleman in this city, dated March 8 – ‘I have this day committed PAT JOYCE [later JAGO, below], for tendering unlawful oaths, &c. after which attended by only four persons, I made eleven prisoners and dispersed about 70. The prisoners I have bailed, as I had no positive proof against them; but I have bound them to the Assizes. I can now venture to say, the Barony of Bantry is all peace.’

[Editorial] - CORK – This week a number of the unhappy men taken near Carnavar [Carrignavar], on Ash Wednesday, were admitted to bail, and discharged from confinement, by the County Magistrates, who sit every day to enquire into the causes of the late unlawful meetings held in the different parishes.

Last Monday, Adam Newman, Esq; Thomas Knolles, Esq; and the Rev. Mr. Meade, Justices of the Peace for this county, went to Ballindee, near Oysterhaven, with a party of the Carlow Militia, to disperse a meeting of deluded persons assembled there, when after reading the Riot Act and advising to disperse, one of the militia … taking a drink at a brook, the insurgents threw stones at him and the Justices, on which the militia were ordered to fire, which they did by … 180 shots were discharged, which killed … men, one woman whose body was …… and wounded several.

Committed to the County Gaol,

By the Rev. Richard Meade, [Meade was based at Blalymartle], JOHN ENRAGHTY and WILLIAM MAGRATH, charged with having assembled with a number of others, on the lands of [Farhogstown?] .. the purpose of administering illegal oaths, and being present, and of the party, when said illegal oaths were tendered.

By John Hawkes, Esq [Hawkes was based at Ovens]; [JOHN?, see County Court Sentences 28^th April, below]….. KELEHER, charged with being aiding and …. feloniously tendering an oath to Stephen W…. and telling him that if he did not take said oath, he should be sent to the West and to … consequence.

By Benjamin [Swete?] Esq; JEREMIAH CRIMEEN, charged with having been at the head of a very numerous party, or concourse of people, who were proceeding for the purpose of administering unlawful oaths.

By John Swete, Esq; DENNIS SULLIVAN and JOHN KENNEDY, charged with others in feloniously tendering unlawful oaths to several of the inhabitants of the town of Passage.

By Henry Cox, Esq; DANIEL SCARTHY and TIMOTHY HOURIHANE, charged with being administering unlawful oaths, also JOHN STARKEY, for taking an unlawful oath, and also, JAMES STUART, charged with having wilfully permitted JOHN HURLY, a prisoner in his care and custody, for felony, to escape from out of his said custody.

By Richard White, Esq [White was based at Bantry]; PATRICK JAGO [JOYCE, above], charged with being assembled with several others and obliging persons to take illegal oaths.

By John Greene, Esq; and the Rev. Francis Orpen [Orpen was based at Midleton], JOHN SULLIVAN and MICHAEL GIBBINS, charged with having assembled with a number of riotous persons, and that the said JOHN SULLIVAN took an unlawful oath, and that the said MICHAEL GIBBINS administered the same.

By William Newman, Esq; Sovereign of Kinsale, CORNELIUS LYNE, JAMES M’CARTHY, CORNELIUS CALLAGHAN and DANIEL COELMAN, charged with having unlawfully and riotously assembled, with a large and riotous assembly, to the amount of two hundred and upwards, at Ballindhesig, and with violently assaulting Adam Newman, Esq; and the Rev. Richard Meade in the execution of their duty as Magistrates.

We are happy to find, by the timely exertions and early information of Standish Barry, Esq; one of his Majesty’s Justices of the Peace, that he has been able to prevent these deluded people from continuing to swear the parishes, according to their dangerous system. On Monday and Tuesday last, attended by the Chief, and a strong party of the Sub-Constables of the Barrymore district, he disappointed the people of Ballynagoul and Knocraha [Knockraha], from administering their oaths to the neighbouring parishes, and so effectually, for the present, checked it in that quarter.

[Advertisement] – At a very numerous and respectable Meeting of GENTLEMEN (residing in the East and Western Divisions of the Barony of MUSKERRY) and assembled in Macromp, on Tuesday the 11^th inst. – Sir ROBERT WARREN, Bart., in the Chair – RESEOLVED, That ever firmly attached to our Sovereign, and the excellent Constitution under which we live, and regarding with the biggest disapprobation, the tumultuous Meetings of the lower class of People in this Country, We pledge ourselves to assemble (on the shortest notice) well Mounted and Armed, to assist the Magistrates in support of the Laws. – 2d, Resolved, That We meet once in every Week, (while the circumstances of the Times require it) well Armed, to consult together, and receive information. – 3d, Resolved, That We meet in the Town of Macromp, on Tuesday the 18^th inst. at 12 o clock. – 4^th, That we request Col. Odell, (of the Royal Limerick Militia) to accept our Thanks, for the readiness he had expressed, in giving us every necessary assistance in his power. – 5^th, That the Thanks of this Meeting be given to Sir Robert Warren, Bart, for his compliance with our request, in taking the Chair at this Meeting.

[Advertisement] – The principal Inhabitants of the Town of Passage and its vicinity, return their most sincere Thanks to John Swete, Esq; Magistrate of this County, for his proper and spirited Conduct in assisting us to detect and lodge in his Majesty’s Gaol, the principal Ringleaders of …..administering unlawful Oaths, tending to disturb the Peace.

[Editorial] - CORK – A Gentleman in this Town of considerable property in the Parish of Kilmichael, where the people had lately manifested a disposition to enter into seditious combinations, this day received a message from said Parishioners, requesting he would repair thither, to receive, with every assurance of their future peaceable conduct, such arms and weapons as they actually had in their possession. The people … convinced of the madness of their late proceedings, and intend forthwith to return to their usual occupations.

On Saturday last, some evil minded persons concealed in the Orchard of Mr. Ahern, near Friar’s Walk, fired several shots at John Murphy and John Davin, two privates in the Tipperary Militia, whereby said Murphy, was shot through the calf of the leg, and a ball lodged in the thigh of said Davin, by which their lives are in danger. A large reward is offered for apprehending them, see Advertisement. [not included here]

Last Friday Robert Day, Esq; Judge of Kilmainham, arrived here, to enquire into the causes of the insurrections that have disturbed the tranquillity of this county.

Committed to the County Gaol,

By James Wallis, Esq; CORNELIUS HORROGAN, DENNIS HORROGAN, JOHN HORROGAN and TIMOTHY BRYAN, charged with having assembled in a riotous manner assuming the character of White Boys, and with putting Laurence Lynch in terror of his life, and feloniously impressing a certain oath on him.

By A…. Warren, Esq [Warren was based at Kilmurry]; JEREMIAH MURPHY, and OWEN M’CARTHY, charged with feloniously administrating oaths, and also DARBY COLLINS, for a violent assault on John Vize.

By Robert Longfield Connor, Esq [Connor was based at Enniskeane]; JOSEPH PATTISON, charged with being aiding and assisting in feloniously tendering unlawful oaths.

By Henry Cox, Esq; JOHN DOWNING, charged with having feloniously taken an unlawful oath, also, DENNIS DONOVAN for having feloniously with threats administered an unlawful oath.

[Advertisement] – At a Meeting of the Gentlemen, Farmers, and principal Inhabitants of the Parish of OVENS, and its Vicinity, held at Sreelane, the 14^th of March, 1794 – JOHN HAWKES, junr., Esq; in the Chair. – RESOVLVED unanimously, That conscious of the innumerable advantages we enjoy under an excellent Constitution, We hold every attempt to alter or subvert its principles, in the utmost abhorrence. – Resolved. That the recent disturbed state of this County calls for our most strenuous Exertions, to suppress Tumult and Insurrection, and to restore Peace and good Order. – Resolved, That we will, to the utmost of our power, assist our Magistrates, and Peace-officers, in detecting and apprehending all Persons concerned in riotous and unlawful Assembles. – Resolved, That we will protect and reward such Person, or Persons, who shall prosecute to conviction, any one or more of those daring Insurgents, who have tendered, or who shall hereafter tender, unlawful Oaths in this Neighbourhood. – JOHN HAWKES, junr. – John Hawkes, Esq; having quitted the Chair, and the Rev. James Pratt being called into it, - Resolved, That Thanks be returned to our Chairman, for his activity as a Magistrate, and his proper conduct in calling this Meeting. It is also requested, that Richard Lloyd, Esq; Chief Constable of this District, will accept our warmest Acknowledgement of his constant alacrity in assisting to preserve the Peace of this County – JAMES PRATT. [List of signatories not included here]

[Advertisement] – The ADDRESS of the INHABITANTS of the Parish of KINNEIGH – To ROGER O CONNOR, Esq. – THE mild means you have used for the preservation of the Peace and good Order of this Country, have met with the most happy effect, and you are Justly entitled to our warmest Thanks. – In whatever light we view you, whether as an upright and impartial Magistrate, a useful Member of Society, a true Friend to the real Interest of your Country, or as a faithful honourable Man, in all alike we admire you. – Your Exertions have always been made for the maintenance of the Laws, and the People have such a deep rooted confidence in you, that your exertions have always been successful. [List of signatories not included here]

THE Inhabitants of the Parishes of Kilmichael, Fanlobus, Drinagh, Droumdeague, Killmeen, and Ballymoney, will ever hold in grateful remembrance, the love Mr. O CONNOR shewed for them, in taking such pains to explain the Laws, of which before, they were wholly ignorant.

[Advertisement] – THE Magistrates and Inhabitants of the Neighbourhood of Glanmire, are requested to Meet at the House of William Gilland, at Glanmire, on Friday, the 21^st day of March, inst., at 12 o Clock, in order to adopt such Measures as may be adjudged most effectual to check the progress of those Disturbances that have appeared of late, in other parts of the County of Cork. – HENRY MANNIX, BRYAN SHEEHY

[Editorial] - CORK – Incendiaries having salaciously insinuated that various taxes are to be laid on the labourious part of the community, which were never intended by the Legislature, is the principle cause of the meetings in several of the parishes in this County. To remedy this, a sensible Gentleman of landed property has proposed to his tenantry, that he will pay all the new Taxes (Leather included) imposed this Session, for only two days labour from each man on his land, for one year, which they have thankfully accepted. If other Landlords followed his example we should see this county in peace, and not have the mortification of viewing so many of our fellow creatures encircled by armed bands leading to prison, and of whom not one in an hundred but are ignorant of what they would be at, or what are their grievances. Most of them acknowledge they were led away like a flock of sheep, by the misguidance of a Bell weather, wishing to sow sedition, and make the industrious part of the community wretched in loss of time and labour, their health impaired from confinement in loathsome prisons, not pillowed upon straw but on flags or boards – heavy expense – fines – imprisonment – whipping – transportation – or the Gallows!

[Advertisement] – WE, the undersigned INHABITANTS of the Parish and Neighbourhood of CARRIGTOWHILL, request Standish Barry, Esq; of Leamlara, will accept our warmest acknowledgements for his activity and exertions as …. rate, in suppressing and preventing the alarming and illegal Meetings, which have lately appeared in this Neighbourhood; and we pledge ourselves to each other to co-operate and assist the Civil Magistrates in preserving the peace of our part of the Country. [List of signatories not included here]

[Advertisement] – At a Meeting of the principal Inhabitants of the Town and Neighbourhood of COVE, held on Sunday, 16^th of March, 1794, JOHN DRURY, Esq; in the Chair – the following Resolutions were unanimously agreed to, - RESOLVED, That We have seen, with the deepest concern, the recent attempt of a misguided set of Men, to disturb the Tranquillity of a misguided set of Men, to disturb the Tranquillity of this County, by the Administration of unlawful Oaths, calculated to delude the lower orders of the People, and to lead them from industry and quiet to tumult and disorder. – Resolved. That we will by every constitutional exertion in our power endeavour to counter-act the designs of Men, who under the specious pretext of obtaining redress for Grievances that do not exist, here have no other objects in view, that the subversion of Order, the establishment of Anarchy, and the destruction of Property, and that we will take every opportunity of expressing our abhorrence of those flagrant violations of the Law, by vigilantly endeavouring to discover, and bring to punishment, the promoters and abettors of such disgraceful Meetings…[etc, etc]

[Advertisement] – To the Inhabitants of the Parish of Kinneigh. – MY DEAR FRIENDS, - IT is a satisfaction to me, that you approve of the pacific measures I took for the maintenance of the Laws in our own Parish, and for the restoration of Order in the Country around. – My humanity teaches me, fully to assure myself that the People are conscious of transgression, before I punish, and my judgement directs me never to make use of force ‘till gentle methods fail. – The tranquil state of this Country, from the day I forewarned the People of the dangers their illegal steps were hurrying them into, bear ample testimony of the good effects of the model I adopted; so from that day the Law, on the part of the People, has reigned triumphant. – But it is melancholy to reflect on the evil and base constructions envy, malice, or self-interest, will put on the most benevolent intentions. – On former occasions I have told you, I now repeat it, that so long as you are obedient to the Laws, you may have the most perfect reliance on me, and firm confidence in me. – I am your faithful and affectionate friend – ROGER O CONNOR, Connorvill, March 22, 1794

[Advertisement] – To the Parishes of Kilmichael, Droumileague, Drinagh, Fanlobus, Killmeen and Ballymoney. – Your ignorance committed a great fault, which however, information speedily corrected. – Parliament is the only quarter, from whence alone we are to expect a redress of any grievance. – At all times, and in all cases, wherein I am warranted by the Laws of our Country, I will ever be, your faithful Friend and Servant, - ROGER O CONNOR, Connorvill, March 22, 1794

[Editorial] - CORK – We have pleasure of assuring our readers that on Sunday last a large concourse of people assembled at the parish church at Cove, and such of them as were concerned in the late illegal proceedings publically recanted their errors in joining the different misled people, asked forgiveness of God in the presence of their Pastor, the Rev. Dr. [Dun?] and declared that they were forced to act in the manner they did by a number of strangers, who came in to swear them, for which they are now truly sorry, and in future are determined to regulate their conduct in every manner conformable to the Laws of God and their Country; and they one and all requested their Pastor to make the matter as public as possible, that other Parishes may follow their example.

Committed to the County Goal, by William Galwey, Esq; OWEN CALLAGHAN, charged with having feloniously tendered unlawful oaths.

By James Wallis, Esq; DANIEL KEOHANE, charged with having illegally assembled with several others on the lands of Coolcullitagh [Coolcullitha, parish of Templemichael], and with having feloniously tendered an unlawful oath.

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April – [Advertisement] – THE principal Inhabitants of the United Parishes of Drinagh and Fanlobbus, have beheld with indignation the desperate attempts of a wicked and deluded Mob to interrupt the public Tranquillity, and by illegal Combinations, to trample those Laws under foot, on which the security of their persons and properties depend. In these Combinations (which at another time would have been treated with contempt) they saw the detestable working of some malignant brain, to unite the lower orders in a firm league of offence and defence, till the landing of the French (an event to which their hopes evidently tended) should give the signal for Rapine and Massacre. - Impressed with this alarming conviction – it is easy to imagine with what pleasure they received among them a Military Force, and how that pleasure was increased, by seeing their first efforts crowned with success, by the strong impression of terror which their appearance in the most distracted Parish produced, and the quiet, which like a charm, followed that wholesome exertion, tho’ attended with no bloodshed, nor any obvious consequence, but the flight of some obscure and vicious individuals. They bless the Government which made such vigorous provision for their defence, and they exult the more, because the existence of that very Government, in all its branches, was the avowed object of attack. April 6, 1794[List of signatories not included here]

[Advertisement] – WE, the under written Principal Inhabitants of Ballymoney, are surprised to see in the Public Prints, our Thanks returned to Roger O Connor, Esq; as no application was ever made to us on the subject alluded to, and we are firmly of opinion that the timely interposition of the Magistrates and Military Force alone, could have checked the late dangerous Mobs, whose aims, we think, were not confined to the abolition of Tythes and Taxes, but extended to the subversion of Government and Property. April 6, 1794 [List of signatories not included here]

[Advertisement] – WE, the Curate and Parish Priest of the Parish of Drimoleague, declare that we never signed any Paper expressing our approbation of the conduct of any person respecting the late Disturbances in this Country, nor have we heard, nor do we believe that any one of our Parish was ever applied to, or ever did sign any Paper to that purpose, or in any other manner signify such approbation; but we can justly attribute the tranquillity we now enjoy, to the well-timed introduction of an Armed Force, and to that cause alone, and we shall not fear the renewal of those alarming Disturbances, so long as that Force is continued to protect us. We therefore feel ourselves called upon to express our obligations to Government, for the timely assistance they have afforded us. – Drimoleague, April 6, 1794 – WILLIAM [SKILTO?], Curate, CORNS. O CROWLEY, PP

We, the Curate and Parish Priest of Fanlobbus, for our Parish, do perfectly coincide win sentiment with out Brethren of Drimoleague. – T.W. EVANS, BARTHOLOMEW CAHALLAR

[Editorial] - CORK – Committed to the County Gaol,

By Massy Hutchinson, Esq [Hutchinson was based at Macroom]; DANIEL CORKERAN, charged with assembling with many others, and rushing into the yard of Thomas Coppinger, Esq; in order to render oaths to his Labourers. JULIAN SULLIVAN charged with assaulting Henry Leary with stones and feloniously taking from him a gun….. THOMAS BREEN, charged with feloniously tendering a book three different times to Dennis Leary, and desiring him to swear that he would abide by the laws and rules of the White Boys in the Parish of Kilmichael.

By Crofton Uniacke, Esq; WILLIAM COSGREVE, CORNELIUS DONOVAN, and EDMOND TWOHIG, charged with tendering an unlawful oath to William Kennagh. DAVID MULLOWNEY charged with rendering unlawful oaths.

By Rev. Richard Meade [Meade was based at Blalymartle]; JOHN BRIEN charged with having been at the head of a numerous mob who assembled at Innishannon, and rendered an unlawful oath. BARTHOLOMEW M’DANIEL, charged with having feloniously rendered unlawful oaths, and feloniously publishing a written notice, exciting to an unlawful combination.

By Maskelyn Alcock, Esq [Alcock was based at Roughgrove]; EDMOND GALLAVAN, charged with having rendered an oath to Timothy Corkeran, and assaulting him.

By Robert Longfield Connor, Esq [Connor was based at Enniskeane]; PHILIP BARRY, charged with having administered unlawful oaths.

By William Connor, Esq; JOHN CROWLEY, charged with feloniously administering unlawful oaths.

[Advertisement] – THE Minister, Church-Warden, and principal Inhabitants of the Parish of Kilmeen think it their duty now at the Eve of the Assizes, to return their Thanks to Government for the aid afforded to them, when their Lives and Properties were at the mercy of a vicious and deluded Mob. – To the timely appearance of the Military, and to that alone, they attribute their present safety; and they earnestly hope that the necessary protection may not be withdrawn, till the frenzy which had seized the minds of the lower Classes, and from which every danger was to be feared, shall have somewhat subsided – and ‘till by a few well applied examples they shall be taught that the Law is all powerful, and that the mildest Government, when roused to a certain degree, must punish. [List of signatories not included here]

[Editorial] - CORK - Tuesday came on at the City Court House, before the prime Serjeant, the trial of the REV. DENIS O DRISCOLL, for printing and publishing in the Cork Gazette of the 15^th of January last, certain seditious Paragraphs, under the head of TRUTHS. There were two Counts in the indictment, one for printing, and the other for publishing. The purchase of the Newspaper from himself was clearly proved; but no evidence appeared that he was the Printer, on which he was acquitted on the second. And this day he was brought to Court, and sentenced to two years imprisonment, and to find security for future good behaviour.

Since the commencement of our Assizes, the following persons have been found guilty in the County Court, viz.-

TOBIAS CRONE, CORNELIUS LYNE, JAMES M'CARTHY, CORNELIUS CALLAHAN and DANIEL COLEMAN for a riot and assault on Adam Newman, Esq., and the Rev. Richard Meade, magistrates, in the execution of their office.

JOHN BRIEN for administering an unlawful oath

DANIEL CORKERANE for unlawfully assembling

JAMES SULLIVAN for feloniously publishing a notice at Dunmanway, for the assembling of people at Ballybuy Cross

TIMOTHY HURLEY for unlawfully assembling and uttering seditious expressions

[COUNTY COURT SENTENCES]

JAMES SULLIVAN, for publishing a notice to excite an unlawful assembly at Ballybuy Cross, to be hanged on the 28^th of May next.

JOHN BRIEN, DENNIS SULLIVAN and JOHN KELIHER for feloniously administering oaths. J. [JOHN] ENRAGHTY and WM. MAGRATH, for feloniously causing an unlawful oath to be tendered, all to be transported for life.

TOBIAS CRONE, CORNELIUS LYNE, JAMES MC. CARTHY, CORNELIUS CALLAGHAN and DANIEL COLEMAN, for a riot and assault on Adam Newman, Esq; and the Rev. Richard Meade, Magistrates in the execution of their office, fined ten marks each, and to be imprisoned six months and a fortnight, and CRONE to give security for his good behaviour for three years.

DANIEL CORKERAN for unlawfully assembling; to be imprisoned one month

TIMOTHY HURLEY for unlawfully assembling contrary to the White Boy Act, to be whipped on the 29^th inst. from the Market House of Dunmanway to Ballintour Cross, and said HURLEY for uttering seditious expressions to be imprisoned for six months.

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[Editorial] - June - CORK - Committed to the County Gaol by Samuel Swete, Esq; DAVID HOURAHAN, charged with having at the head of a mob, compelled Daniel Leary…[print faded here]

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October - [Editorial] - CORK - Last Saturday, the following Persons received sentence in the Country Court, viz.

THOMAS FLYN, for a riot and assault on Adam Newman, Esq; a Magistrate in the execution of his duty; same person for an assault on the Rev. Richard Meade in the like, and also assaults on John Meade and Richard Townshend, Esqrs, and for an unlawful assembly with others to be imprisoned.

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November - [Advertisement] – WHEREAS on Wednesday the 5^th Inst., as the Sheriffs of the County of the City of Cork were conveying Joseph Frith, John O Flaherty, John Murphy and William Caldwell, by virtue of his Majesty's Writs of Habeas Corpus, to the City of Dublin, they were met at Upper Glanmire by a tumultuous Mob of Men unknown, to the number of one Hundred and upwards, armed with Swords, Pistols, 7c., who attacked them in a most outrageous manner, by throwing a number of large Stones, which hit and wounded some of the Assistants of the said Sheriffs, and stopped the Carriage conveying the said Debtors; vehemently declaring they would Rescue John Murphy, or have the Lives of the said Sheriffs…[usual rewards, etc, offered]

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18/05/2006

(HC 1/8/1791) - Last Friday Mr. Alexander, our High Constable, attended by a party of the County Police, went in quest of White-Boys who were expected to assemble at Curriheen in the South Suburbs, when two of them were apprehended, one of them whose name is HORROGAN, made off. The other OWEN LINAHAN, says that on Thursday night he was cutting turf at the bog of Ardrostig, a boy came to him and said that HORROGAN desired him to come to the kiln at Curriheen to meet the White Boys on Friday night, where firelocks would be furnished. That the horse the prisoner rode there was the property of James Neal near Glasheen, taken without his knowledge, and that the business to be transacted at the kiln was to swear the people the Ovens parish not to buy tythes of Murphy, Proctor to the Rev. Mr. Pratt, but according to Captain Right's rules. Two men belonging to Mr. Alexander, who were on foot, and through the darkness of the night strayed from him, fell in with two parties of White-Boys on horseback, armed with guns, who were examined and searched for arms, by these misguided people, who said they were looking for a proctor.

Saturday LINNAHAN was examined before the Mayor, and fully committed for trial.

(HC 29/9/1791) - On the night of Friday last, a most barbarous murder was committed at Kilcrea. A part of White Boys came to the house of ….. and honest and industrious ……lately taken some Tythes …..laws of Captain Right, one of …..villains that the poor man in the head, who expired immediately. On Monday the Coroner went out and held an Inquest on the body. [print is faded on this page]

(HC 10/10/1791) – On Thursday night last, a large party of White Boys came to the house of Mr. Casey in the parish of Kilkully, within two miles of Cork, with an intent, no doubt, of getting arms, and maltreating the family but were received so warmly that they precipitately retreated without effecting their purpose. Mr. Casey fired shot shots, and had not his blunderbuss missed fire, would have committed dreadful havoc among them; a vast deal of blood was seen in the morning, in the yard and on the road, whence it is conjectured some of them must have been, if not mortally, at least desperately wounded.

(HC 10/10/1791) – [Advertisement] - … A PROCLAMATION – WHEREAS it appears by Information sworn on Oath before the MAYOR, that on the Night of the 6^th Instant, about the Hour of Eleven or Twelve o Clock, a Number of riotous Persons unknown, stiled White Boys, assembled round the House of Mr. George Casey, of Killcully, in the North Liberties, forced open the outside Door of said House, entered the same, and fired a Shot, demanding Saddles, Bridles, and Firearms, and on being told by Mr. Casey, that he had not any, they attempted and did actually break open the Door of the Bedroom of Mr. George Casey, the younger, whereupon the said Casey fired amongst them, and, it is apprehended, wounded one or more of them, as they immediately quitted the House, but some of the Party continued outside and fired several shots into the said Bed-room, which were near wounding said Casey, who shortly after made his escape out of a back Window of said House, and ran away for safety of his Life.

(HC 20/10/1791) – COMMITTED on the 16^th inst to the County Gaol, by Rob. Hutchinson, Esq., J. LYNCHY, of Gurtnetubrid, charged on oath with being concerned in feloniously setting on fire in the dead hour of the night between Friday and Saturday last, the house of Abraham Morgan, of Ballinakerny, in the Parish of Ballyvourney, with the malicious intent of destroying Tho. Wray, Esq., Inspector General of hearths, Denis Flyn, Esq., Supervisor, Mr. Robert Martin, Collector, and a Serjeant, Corporal, and 12 Soldiers who slept in said house and had been on duty in collecting his Majesty’s hearthmonies.

(HC 3/11/1791) – COMMITTED. The first instant to the County Gaol, by R. Hutchinson, Esq., TIMOTHY TOOMY, OTHERWISE BAUN, of Ballymakeery, in the Parish of Ballivorney, for feloniously tendering and administering an oath to Abraham Morgan, of Ballinakerry, on the evening of the night his house was set on fire.

(HC 1/12/1791) – COMMITTED. On the 29^th Nov. to the County Gaol by John Swete, Esq., CORNELIUS RIORDAN and JOHN TWOMY, charged by information before Sir Robert Warren, Bart., with destroying hay and corn the property of Cornelius Leary, Andrew Gully, and Timothy Healy, on the night of the 30^th Sept. last, and administering oaths to the said Cornelius Leary, and Timothy Healy, that they should send powder and shot to the house of DARBY FOORHANE, of Cahirhegan.

(HC 5/12/1791) – Yesterday the High Sheriff [Arthur O Connor] convened the Parishioners of Clondrohid to represent to them the consequences of their nightly meetings, when with one voice, they confessed their error, pledging themselves in the most solemn manner never to have recourse to such practices in future, but pleaded their sufferings from exorbitant charges for their the, which amounted to more for their potatoes than the rent of the ground in which they were set amounted to. This they offered to prove by the oaths of the most respectable farmers of the parish, but which the High Sheriff declined hearing, alledging that however strong his wish was to represent their grievances to Government, the restoring the laws to their full force must precede it, of which he could not be certain as long as a single gun remained in improper hands in the whole parish, whereon the parishioners promised to give them up, and to perform any other act the High Sheriff may require to assure himself of their sincerity.

(HC 8/12/1791) – We have authority to assert, that the Rector of Clondrohid did last September offer, and is still willing to accept from his Parishioners, the annual sum of three hundred pounds in a Rent or a Composition for the Tythes of that Parish, though it contains at least forty square miles, and twenty years ago had been set for four hundred pounds a year.

(HC 8/12/1791) – [Advertisement] – Last Tuesday a most respectable Deputation of the ROMAN CATHOLICS of this City and County waited on the High Sheriff of this County with the following Address :

The Answer of the High Sheriff to the ROMAN CATHOLICS of the City and County of Cork.

The Right Worship the MAYOR, being called to the Chair.

By Order, B. HAYES, Secretary

(HC 29/12/1791) – We have authority to mention, that the tythes of Clondrohid were rented from a former Rector in 1778 and 1779 for £250 a year by a Gentleman of some property in the parish, who, tho’ he stood upon terms of friendship with most of the landlords, lost by the dealing. The tythes of the two subsequent years were held at the same rent by a Gentleman of considerable fortune and influence, who resides in the parish – but, notwithstanding these circumstances, lost also by the agreement. As those periods were prior to even the appearance of White-boys in that parish, the reduction of the Rector’s income, which, it is said, once amounted to £400, should not be imputed to these deluded people; - its real cause is the low price of potatoes which now sell for 2 ½ d a weight, (a circumstance that must give pleasure to every humane person) but sold about twenty years ago, at the enormous prices of [11?]d a weight.- This cause will appear more evident to a discerning public, when it is known, that the tythe of the Rector’s income, and that, except in the demesnes of one or two Gentlemen, there is not half an acre of either wheat or barley in this mountainous tract.

[Advertisement] – THE MAGISTRACY – Amongst the names of those Gentlemen omitted in the list of Magistracy for this County, that of ROGER CONNOR, ESQ., is mentioned:-

The Cork Gazette should have discriminated between those left out from choice of the Magistrates, and of Government.

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27/04/2006