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Adam Matthew Publications Pre 2003 Publications 2003/4 | Earlier publications: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Music Manuscripts
of the Classical and Romantic Eras Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Music Periodicals,
1722-1940 "Journals and other periodicals make
up an essential element of music literature. In the form of general
music journals, they mirror musical life and contemporary musical
attitudes more immediately and more extensively than any other publication...." This new project, which will be of great interest to researchers of Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century music, commences with a collection of important Music Periodicals for the period 1722-1792 from the rich holdings of the Musikbibliothek der Stadt Leipzig. Leipzig is undeniably one of the foremost musical centres of Europe. Telemann established the Collegium Musicum in Leipzig in 1704 and Bach spent the last 27 years of his life there, 1723-1750, filling various roles including that of Kantor of the Thomasschule and civic music director. Mozart performed at the Gewandhaus in 1789, and the song school established by J A Hiller was one of the important early choral societies in Germany. Allied to this Leipzig was also a centre for music publishing from the creation of J G I Breitkopf in 1719 to the establishment of more than 60 separate music publishers there by the end of the 19th century. The 11 periodicals that we offer in Part 1 have been carefully screened against previous projects such as the Répertoire Internationale de la Presse Musicale to avoid duplication. The periodicals have been selected to cover a broad time scale and to include a good selection of items published in Leipzig. The titles featured are: Critica Musica Hamburg 1722, 1725 The project is accompanied by a Guide which includes full bibliographic descriptions of the periodicals taken from Musikperiodika - Bibliographische Veröffentlichungen der Musikbibliothek der Stadt Leipzig, an introduction to the holdings of the library written by Brigitte Geyer, the head of the Music Library and a listing of the Contents of Reels to Parts 1 and 2. These music periodicals from the Music Library of Leipzig, one of the leading music centres in Europe, will provide researchers with a vast source of previously untapped material. They will be of interest to all libraries supporting Musicology and the History of Music. Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Music Periodicals,
1722-1940 Part 2: Music Almanacs and Jahrbuchs, 1815-1940, from
the Musikbibliothek der Stadt Leipzig Part 2 of the project covers Music Almanacs and Yearbooks, 1815-1940 also from the Musikbibliothek der Stadt Leipzig. Included among others are almanacs for Opera, an almanac of music publishers, yearbooks for the German theatre, the famous Bär Jahrbuch published by Breitkopf and Härtel of Leipzig and an extensive run of the yearbook of the Peters Library. The full list of titles included is: Opern-Almanach Leipzig 1815, 1817 The project is accompanied by a Guide which includes full bibliographic descriptions of the periodicals taken from Musikperiodika - Bibliographische Veröffentlichungen der Musikbibliothek der Stadt Leipzig, an introduction to the holdings of the library written by Brigitte Geyer, the head of the Music Library and a listing of the Contents of Reels to Parts 1 and 2. These music almanacs and yearbooks from the Music Library of Leipzig, one of the leading music centres in Europe, will provide researchers with a vast source of previously untapped material. They will be of interest to all libraries supporting Musicology and the History of Music. Sterling Price: £920 - US Dollar Price:
$1500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Newsletters and
Newsbooks of the Seventeenth Century Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Nineteenth Century
Literary Maunscripts This project makes available a wide range of original manuscript material that will be of great interest to anyone studying Nineteenth Century English Literature. The type of material covered includes: Autograph literary manuscripts; Writers "quarries" and notebooks; Manuscript autobiographies and biographical sources; Correspondence - especially unpublished in-letters; and Records relating journalism, publishing and printing. This first part makes available the British Library's key holdings relating to: Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861) In addition, there are literary manuscripts by Wilkie Collins (two short stories: Mr Wray's Cashbox and Basil: A Story of Modern Life); Benjamin Disraeli (Speech on the death of Wellington); and George Henry Lewes (Aristotle). There are also six autograph poems by James Sheridan Knowles. By far the largest section (31 manuscripts in all) is that devoted to George Eliot. The complete manuscript versions of seven of her major novels (as sent to the printers, with numerous corrections) are featured here: Adam Bede; The Mill on the Floss; Silas
Marner; Romola; There are also two volumes of manuscript poetry by Eliot (including The Spanish Gypsy, O may I join the choir invisble, Agatha, Brother and Sister, The Legend of Jubal, and Armgart), the manuscript of Impressions of Theophrastus Such, the notebook for Romola, a quarry, and four volumes of correspondence. The second largest section comprises 22 manuscripts by Thackeray. These include 11 volumes of diaries, 1832-63; unpublished accompts and miscellanea; 3 volumes of sketches; a host of material relating to Denis Duval; the autograph manuscript of his play The Wolves and the Lamb (together with an annotated acting version); and fragments of The Newcomes. The final three authors are represented
by a single manuscript work: Anthony Trollope by his manuscript
Autobiography; Elizabeth Barrett Browning by Sonnets from the Portuguese;
and The manuscripts covered are British Library Additional Manuscripts 34020-34044, 37502, 37952, 40768, 41060, 41667, 42856, 43484-43487, 46891-46910, 54338, 58436, 59866, 65530 and Egerton Ms 3689. Sterling Price: £1560 - US Dollar Price: $2500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Nineteenth Century
Literary Manuscripts The second part of this series offers the correspondence and records of George Smith (1824-1901), and his successors as heads of the firm of Smith, Elder and Co, 1846-1924, relating mostly to the publication of articles in The Cornhill Magazine, which he founded, and of books published by the firm. The Cornhill Magazine (1860-1975) is acknowledged as one of the great literary periodicals, achieving a consistently high quality. It began with Thackeray as Editor and specialised in the serialisation of his novels. Other writers who graced its pages were Robert Browning, George Eliot, Mrs Gaskell, Thomas Hardy, George MacDonald, Charles Reade, John Ruskin, Algernon Swinburne and Alfred Tennyson. It also includes much writing by Sir Leslie Stephen (who married Thackeray's daughter Minney), who was editor from 1871-1882. Thackeray's novels and Browning's Ring and the Book were among the many books published by Smith, Elder and Co, who also published the Dictionary of National Biography (founded by George Smith). The records covered include a set of Account Books spanning from 1860 to 1869 and a Register of Contributors to The Cornhill Magazine from 1880 to 1901. The correspondence runs to fourteen substantial volumes and reads like a Who's Who of Victorian Literature and Society. Authors heavily represented are: Matthew Arnold This second part also includes a substantial and unpublished autobiography by George Smith entitled Recollections of a long and busy life (written c1895). This second part is an invaluable source for understanding the relationship between publishers, editors and authors, and will contribute to the study of the culture and commerce of literary production. Sterling Price: £550 - US Dollar Price: $875 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Nineteenth Century
Literary Manuscripts Born in Liverpool, raised in South Carolina, and educated at Rugby School and then Balliol College, Oxford, Clough wrote poetry of lasting importance and relevance. Sir Edmund Gosse praised his "sympathetic modern accent" which helped to capture the spirit of Victorian malaise. After a period of long neglect, he is now undergoing a thorough reassessment. His poems range from the inspirational "Say not the struggle nought availeth", to the satirical "The Latest Decalogue". Often his poems describe tensions between individuals and the conventions of society. In The Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich (1848) he describes a love affair between a student and a peasant girl that is threatened by class distinctions (the lovers avoid the problem by eloping to New Zealand). In Amours de Voyage (1858) it is notions of duty that cause the conflict. These poems mirror his own tortured uncertainty, as his orthodox faith was challenged by the religious ferment of 1840's Oxford, causing him to resign his fellowship at Oriel College, and seek tranquility first in London, then in New England. This project brings together 18 volumes of his letters, 33 volumes of poetical notebooks and 7 volumes of formerly loose manuscripts. These include exchanges with Matthew Arnold and Ralph Waldo Emerson, a cluster of material relating to Florence Nightingale, a list of Clough's books, material regarding Rugby School and extensive literary manuscripts including drafts of Dipsychus, Songs in Absence, Adam & Eve, and Amours de Voyage. Most of his poetic output is covered as these were the manuscripts that were used to prepare his posthumous Poems (1862). July 2000 Sterling Price: £940 - US Dollar Price: $1500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Norton: The Collected
Writings of Caroline Norton (1808-1877) Caroline Norton's life reads like a rather improbable Victorian melodrama. She was the grand-daughter of Richard Brinsley Sheridan and was raised in dignified poverty in a grace and favour property at Hampton Court. At the age of 15 she was taken on a visit to Wonersh Park, the home of Lord Grantley, by her governess. Beautiful and high-spirited, Caroline made a strong impression on George Norton, heir to the estate, and he proposed marriage to her. He had to wait 3 years, until she had "come out", before she accepted. Her situation was similar to that of one of her characters in her novel, Stuart of Dunleath - "She had married a man she did not love; whom she did not profess to love; for certain advantages - to avoid certain pressing miseries." Fresh miseries piled upon her. Her husband beat her and her fame - as a Sheridan and also as a poet - only served to inflame his temper. The arguments grew worse and worse and ended with a divorce suit - George suing her on the basis of her affections for Lord Melbourne, the Prime Minister. The accusations were ungrounded and the divorce suit failed, but Caroline Norton realised how weak women were in the eyes of the law. At that time woman had no legal status and all of their property belonged to the husband, who also had automatic rights to the custody of the children. In her own case that meant that George stopped her from seeing her children and received royalties from her poetry. As she was to say later, "I have no rights; I have only wrongs." Caroline Norton spent much of the rest of her life campaigning for changes to the law, which came with the Infant Custody Act (1838) and the Married Woman's Property Act (1882). As such she was a fierce campaigner for women's rights in a society where gender defined the life you could live. This project brings together all her literatue
including her poetry, novels and pamphlets covering The Sorrows
of Rosalie (1829), The Undying One (1830), The Wife and Woman's
Reward (1835), The Coquette (1835), A Voice from the Factories (1836),
A Plain Letter to the Lord Chancellor (1839), The Dream (1840),
The Child of the Islands (1845), Aunt Carry's Ballads (1847), Letters
to the Mob (1848), Tales & Sketches (1850), Stuart of Dunleath
(1851), A Letter to the Queen (1855), The Lady of La Garaye (1862),
Lost and Saved (1863), Old Sir Douglas (1868) and The Rose of Jericho
(1870). There are also collections of her prose and poetry from
the Court Magazine and The English Annual. Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Nuclear Disarmament
after the Cold War The issue of nuclear disarmament did not die away with the end of the Cold War. Far from it. Huge stockpiles of nuclear weapons were left in the hands of increasingly unstable countries. Prospective members of the "nuclear club" grew unabated, and those with nuclear weapons continued to test and refine their systems - with apparent disregard for the damage that such tests might inflict or the opinions of those living close to the test areas. The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament has always been one of the most outspoken critics of those wielding nuclear power - both as weapons and as energy resources. Their marches, protests, publications and political lobbying have made a difference to the climate of opinion - but they will not rest until they achieve their aim of worldwide nuclear disarmament. The earlier records of CND have already been microfilmed and we are delighted to be able to continue this venture by offering the complete CND archives from 1989 to 1994. These document the first five years after the end of the Cold War. A period that began with much rejoicing as the Berlin Wall fell, countries such as Czechoslovakia and Poland gained independence, and as nuclear weapons destruction treaties were signed by America and Russia. However, a new sense of realism soon set in, as CND and others understood that their task was not over - it had just become more urgent and more complicated. This project includes full runs of central records such as: CND Annual Conference Programmes, 1989-1994; CND Conference Working Group Committee Papers, 1990-1994; Minutes of the National Council of CND, 1990-1993; Minutes of the National Executive Committee of CND, 1991-1993; and Minutes of Sub-Committees of National CND, 1991-1994. This project includes all of their periodicals and printed sources such as: Sanity, 1989-1991 (at which point it was replaced by) Campaign, 1991-1994 and CND Today, 1991-1994; CND Information/Defence Briefings, 1989-1995; and CND Press Releases, 1990-1994. This project also includes important regional material such as: Local Group Newsletters for East Anglia, East Midlands, North Region, North West, South East, South Midlands, South West, West Midlands, West Region and Yorkshire and Humberside, 1989-1994. As such this project enables a detailed analysis of the activities of CND from the top-down and from the bottom-up. The international reporting of CND periodicals is married with the organisation of local marches in the regions; the discussion of worldwide issues at conferences and on committees is balanced by an examination of what CND can do to address these problems and meet their aims. Archives of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament is an essential source for all those libraries collecting in the area of Peace Studies. It will be of value to those working in the area of Modern Politics, Pressure Group tactics and Popular Opinion, and cannot be ignored by anyone concerned with issues arising from nuclear power and nuclear weapons in the period 1989-1994. Sterling Price: £700 - US Dollar Price: $990 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Nuclear Disarmament
after the Cold War This second part continues coverage of the archives of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament from 1995 to 2000. They document both the local campaigning done by this pressure group in London, the Home Counties, the North of England, Scotland and Wales, and also the international dimensions of the subject. These were years which witnessed continuing nuclear proliferation with controversial tests in India and Pakistan. There were also worries about the fate of the nuclear arsenal formerly under the control of the Soviet Union. Sterling Price: £1560 - US Dollar Price: $2500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Oliphant: The
Collected Writings of Margaret Oliphant (1828-1897) "Mrs Oliphant is valuable not only
for the integrity of her stories and the grace and fluency with
which she tells them, but for the unusual prominence she gives to
domestic lives and female friendships. She was a thoroughly professional
writer who supported her family entirely though her own labours,
without neglecting them one iota. She should, perhaps, become the
patron saint of all harassed women writers with demanding families." "The reason for studying Margaret Oliphant's
life and work is simply that she was a great writer, who has been
neglected for far too long." Margaret Oliphant was one of the great figures of Victorian literature. More prolific than Trollope, she was read eagerly by Queen Victoria, Charles Darwin and W E Gladstone, and Dickens paid her £1000 for the serialisation rights to one of her books (Madonna Mary). Blackwoods Edinburgh Magazine declared that she "belonged to the race of literary giants.... Mrs Oliphant has been to the England of letters what the Queen has been to our society as a whole." Yet, after her death in 1897, her reputation went into a steep decline. Perhaps it was because she was too closely identified with the Victorian Age. Perhaps it was the result of posthumous criticism by Thomas Hardy, whom she had sharply criticised when he was a young writer. There is now a strong movement to return Oliphant to the pantheon of literature. It is correspondence fuelled by the realisation that she did write refreshingly realistic and non-sentimental novels depicting the struggles of women, the problems of marriage and and gender and the difficulties of parent-child relationships. Works such as The rector and the doctor's family, Salem Chapel, Mrs Marjoribanks, A Beleaguered City, Kirsteen, and Diana Trelawny, merit a place in any list of great 19th century novels. We now make it possible to undertake a thorough
assessment of her life and work by making available both the major
collection of her surviving manuscripts and a complete collection
of first editions of her works. Part 1 covers 29 titles in 62 volumes, starting with her two earliest works, Passages in the Life of Mary Maitland (1849) and Caleb Field: a tale of the Puritans (1851). Also featured are The Rector, and the Doctor's Family and Salem Chapel, which both appeared anonymously in 1863. Many attributed them to George Eliot. These launched the highly successful Chronicles of Carlingford. A widow's tale (1898) has an introduction by J M Barrie, who was a great admirer of her writing. The complete list of titles covered is as
follows: Sterling Price: £1560 - US Dollar Price: $2500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Oliphant: The
Collected Writings of Margaret Oliphant (1828-1897) Part 2 covers 30 titles in 71 volumes. The Chronicles of Carlingford are concluded with The perpetual curate (1864), the sharply comic Miss Marjoribanks (1866), and Phoebe junior (1876). Oliphant's claims to be regarded as a pioneer of supernatural fiction can be examined in Stories of the Seen and Unseen (1902), an important gathering of her shorter fiction. Another noteworthy title is Sons and daughters: a novel (1890), which looks at family relationships. The complete list of titles covered is as
follows: Sterling Price: £1560 - US Dollar Price: $2500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Oliphant: The
Collected Writings of Margaret Oliphant (1828-1897) Part 3 covers 31 titles in 73 volumes. The Ladies Lindores (1883), a story of two sisters who are due to be married off, is a study in angst and mental cruelty, and reveals Oliphant's understanding of the difficulties of women's lives. Kirsteen (1890) portrays a woman who is forced to choose between a career or a traditional family life - and chooses her career. After reading A beleaguered city: a story of the seen and unseen (1880), Robert Louis Stevenson wrote to Oliphant, "I have cried heartily; I feel the better for my tears, and I want to thank you." The complete list of titles covered is as
follows: Sterling Price: £1560 - US Dollar Price: $2500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Oliphant: The
Collected Writings of Margaret Oliphant (1828-1897) Part 4 offers 37 titles in 51 volumes. This completes coverage of her fiction with Janet (1891), The railway man and his children (1891), The heir presumptive and the heir apparent (1892), The land of darkness, along with some further chapters in the experience of the little pilgrims (1888), the prodigals and their inheritance (1894) and other titles. It also features her non-fiction. There are important critical works such as The sisters Brontë (1897) and The Victorian Age of English Literature (1892) and historical works such as The makers of Florence: Dante, Giotto, Savonarola and their city (1876). August 1999 Sterling Price: £1560 - US Dollar Price: $2500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Oliphant: The
Correspondence and Literary Manuscripts of Margaret Oliphant (1828-1897)
from the National Library of Scotland This is the largest surviving collection of Margaret Oliphant's manuscripts. We include over 25 volumes of her correspondence, 4 volumes of her diaries, the complete text of her manuscript Reminiscences (sections of which were later published as her Autobiography), and a number of key literary manuscripts such as the holograph version of her first work - Margaret Maitland. Among the correspondents are Thomas & Jane Welsh Carlyle, Thomas Chalmers, Sir Henry Craik, Geraldine Jewsbury, Anna, Lady Ritchie and Sir Walter Scott. More revealing than all of these, is her correspondence with John and William Blackwood, her main publishers, who supported her throughout her career. There are also many family letters. These sources help to provide a rounded picture of Margaret Oliphant as a writer, as head of the household after the death of her husband when she was only 31, and as a mother. They portray a life punctuated with death and debt, in which her family and her writing were her only real respite. July 1999 Sterling Price: £1560 - US Dollar Price: $2500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Orinsa: The Literary
Manuscripts of Katherine Philips (1631-1664) "...a woman of excelling worth &
vertues & of prodigious wit, fruitfull in many incomparable
poems...." Katherine Philips, known to her contemporaries as "The Matchless Orinda", ranks as one of the most important early women writers. She is remembered as a poet whose verse still speaks directly to readers on subjects such as marriage, relationships, happiness and loss; as a friend of the Cavalier poets; as a poet who had her verse set to music by Lawes and Purcell; as a writer who is much revered by modern feminists for her praise of Platonic friendship between women. Philips is also known for being the hub of one of the more celebrated circles of friendship that existed in this period. But above all, she is noteworthy for being one of the few 17th Century writers to leave behind a substantial body of manuscript evidence. This project brings together 27 manuscripts and 3 printed volumes from nine libraries in Britain and America. It includes: The 10 key sources for her poetry (From the National Library of Wales - NLW775B & NLW 776B; From Cardiff Central Library - Cardiff Ms 2.1073; From the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin - Texas Pre-1700 Ms 151; From Worcester College, Oxford - Clarke Ms 6.13; From the Bodleian Library, Oxford - Ms Rawl Poet 65, Ms Rawl Poet 90 & Ms Rawl Poet 173; From the Folger Shakespeare Library - Folger Ms V.b.231; From the Beinecke Library, Yale University - Osborn b118) The 3 key sources for her drama (NLW 776B, NLW 21867B and Folger Ms V.b.231) Both of her posthumous printed works (Poems, 1667, and Letters from Orinda to Poliarchus, 1705) A total of 9 verse miscellanies, making it possible to set her poetry in context (Cardiff Ms 2.1073; Worcester College Clarke Ms 6.13; Mss Rawl Poet 65, 90, 147, 173 & 246; Yale, Osborn b118 & b207) A pair of manuscript song books setting her lyrics to music (Folger Ms W.b.515 & Ms V.b.197) Other items featured are some early verses signed with her maiden name of Katherine Fowler; Excerpts from a Commonplace book kept by John Locke; The original autograph manuscript of John Aubrey's Brief Life of Orinda; and manuscript poems from the Huntington Library and Hertfordshire County Record Office. The existence of multiple versions of individual texts also offers scholars and students the opportunity to use this as a source to study the transmission of texts through manuscript circulation, and as an ideal test case for the editing of texts. Sterling Price: £300 - US Dollar Price: $490 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Parliamentary
History This new publication brings together four important central sources for the study of parliamentary history, the state and society focusing on the period 1620 to 1714. Namely: The manuscript Minute books of the House of Lords, 1620- 1716; Proceedings in the Lords Committees, 1661-1741; Proxy Records, 1625-1755; Proceedings of the Committee for Privileges, 1660-1762. This is the first time that the Committee Proceedings have ever been published and none of these classes have been published in their entirety before. Whilst the manuscript and (later) Journals of the House of Lords were based on the Minute books they do not cover them exhaustively. Indeed A F Pollard writing in 1914 (Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 3rd series, VIII) described the standard of the editing of the printed journals as "little short of a scandal" and Maurice F Bond in his Guide to the Record of Parliament confirms that it is the manuscript minutes that are "the original central record of proceedings in the House" as these were the notes taken down by parliamentary clerks whilst the events were actually happening. Items included that did not always find their way into the Journals include the texts of some important speeches, notes on voting divisions, Lords present, the stages of bills, judicial business, divisions and tellers, motions and messages form the Commons. The Lords' Minute Books are made all the more important by the fact that the Commons' Minutes were tragically lost in the 'tallystick fire' of 1834. The Proxy Records are registers of proxies given by peers to their fellow peers under Standing Orders. These tie in with the voting divisions in the Minute Books to tell us much about cliques and allegiances amongst the peers. The Committee Proceedings deal with a wide variety of subjects including special volumes for the Committees on the Popish Plot (1678-1681) and the Trial of the Lords in the Tower (1679-1695) to give but two examples. Verbatim evidence for Private Bills does much to augment our knowledge of the methods of Parliament and the reception of particular bills. The Committee for Privileges was largely concerned with Peerage claims and its records include the original petitions of claim. Dating from the Restoration of Charles II these records provide evidence of settlements concerning the nobility following the English Civil Ear. Taken together these sources detail the opinions of the peers in a period spanning from the last years of James I, through the parliamentary trials and tribulations of Charles I, the Civil War, the Restoration, the Glorious Revolution and onwards through to the end of the reign of Queen Anne. They deal with issues of royal prerogative, finance, religious belief, the composition of the army and navy, the rights of ordinary citizens, the establishment of the Bank of England, local affairs reflected through Private Bills and the Act of Union of England and Scotland. This detailed guide provides a full contents of reels listing and other background information to accompany the microfilm edition. We are grateful to H S Cobb, Clerk of the Records, David Johnson and other members of staff at the House of Lords Record Office for their help in the preparation of this project. Sterling Price: £2800 - US Dollar Price: $4500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Parliamantary
History The Braye Manuscripts, the papers accumulated by John Browne, Clerk of the Parliaments, 1638-91, are the most important collection of 17th century parliamentary records to have passed into private hands. After Browne's death the papers were moved to Stanford Hall, the home of the Cave family, which eventually succeeded to the Barony of Braye. The purchase of the Braye Manuscripts was completed by the House of Lords Records Office in 1987. We now make available the complete collection on microfilm. Manuscripts of particular significance include: Letters and State Papers, 1572-1636 (including material on the Duke of Buckingham, the Earls of Bristol, Essex, Northampton and Somerset: the Impeachment of Dr Roger Manwaring; John Durie's mission to the Continent, on behalf of Archbishop Laud, to effect a union between the Lutherans and the Calvinists. House of Commons Diaries for 1593-1601. A Chronological List of Private Acts 1510-1589. Protestations of the Commons, 1604-1621. Petitions of Grievances of the House of Commons, 1606-1610. Scribbled Books of Proceedings for 1609-1610. John Browne's Commonplace Book with detailed entries for 1614-1625, 1641-1645 and 1661-1688. Draft Journals of the House of Lords, 1620/1-1628. Sir John Coke's Speech, 1625, to both Houses at Oxford. Habeas Corpus, 1627, and proceedings in "The Five Knights Case." Draft Message from Charles I concerning the Earl of Bristol's charge against the Duke of Buckingham, 1626. Letters and State Papers, 1637-1641 (including the suspension of the Bishop of Lincoln; Assessments at Twickenham and Whitton; the Scottish General Assembly; English and Scottish Commissionaires; material on the Earl of Strafford; the First Army Plot; the Committee for Petitions; the quarrel between the Earl of Pembroke and Lord Mowbray; the Second Army Plot). A Declaration or Remonstrance of both Houses of Parliament, 19 May 1642. Proceedings against the Earl of Strafford and Archbishop Laud, 1641-1644 Scribbled Books of Proceedings in the House of Lords for 1640-1642. Draft Journals of the House of Lords, 1660-1689/90. Conference between the Houses on the Bill for Uniformity, 1662. Letters and State Papers, 1648-1710 (including descriptions of the actions of Cromwell, Lambert and their forces in Northern England and Scotland; Anglo-Dutch Treaty Papers; Impeachment of the Earl of Clarendon; Restoration Politics; Navy Lists) The Braye-Teeling MSS containing important documents relating to the English Civil War, 1641-1660. Resolutions concerning Ship Money, 1640/1. Information on the Popish Plot, 1680 and James II's Declaration of Liberty of Conscience, 1687. "An essential research collection,
the Braye Manuscripts relate to substantive issues in Parliament
during virtually all of the 17th century. The collection
complements the House of Lords Main Papers, the Journals, Howell's
State Trials and Rushworth. The Braye Papers are doubly important
because we know their provenance and legitimacy." This material is of paramount importance for all students and scholars of Elizabeth I, James I, Charles I, the Civil War and the Interregnum, Charles II, James II and the Glorious Revolution. With significant early diaries, draft journals, scribbled books, lists of Private Acts, petitions and the dialogue between both Houses, there is a wealth of detail on all manner of social, economic, financial, political and religious issues. Sterling Price: £1700 - US Dollar Price: $2750 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Photography as
Art and Social History Some 3,000 photographs make up this topographical collection. Francis Bedford, 1816-1894, was one of the best known English landscape photographers of the wet-plate period. He worked extensively in the South West of England, the West Midlands and in Wales. Most of the negatives were taken after 1860. The few taken as late as the 1890s were the work of Bedford's son. Between 1843 and 1849 he frequently exhibited at the Royal Academy. In the 1850s he produced numerous publications featuring his work including two Photographic Albums, 1855-6; The Treasury of Ornamental Art, 1858; and The Sunbeam, 1859. By 1861 he had been elected Vice-President of the London Photographic Society. The 1860's was his most active decade. His business by then was flourishing and lucrative. In 1862 Bedford received a Royal Commission to accompany the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) on his educational tour of the Middle East. In 1864 he contributed to The Ruined Castles of North Wales and over the next four years produced a whole series of Photographic Views covering North Wales, Tenby and neighbourhood, Exeter, Torquay, Warwickshire, Stratford-upon-Avon and neighbourhood. This was definitely his most productive period and the core of the collection reproduced here bears this out. Malvern, Warwick, Ludlow, Wells, Chester and Torquay are all well featured. In a Keynote article, entitled Landscape Photography and its Trials published in the Year-book of Photography and reprinted in The Philadelphia Photographer Vol XIII, No 148, April 1876, Francis Bedford wrote as follows:- "The life of the landscape photographer is assuredly an enviable one. The pursuit of his favorite art leads him to pleasant places, and brings him face to face with whatever is most lovely and enjoyable in Nature's fair domain; but it is not a life of unmixed content. How often it happens that the buoyant hopes with which he has looked forward to the coming trip are disappointed, and the harvest on which he has too confidently reckoned is never reaped! I do verily believe that no member of the community is so sorely tried as he is. He may be a master of his art, and yet his most carefully laid plans, and all his efforts, may be frustrated by a spell of bad weather. Causes entirely beyond his control often reduce him to inaction, and unless he be blessed with wonderful patience and determined devotion to his art, he soon becomes dejected and hopeless. So many are the conditions of success that it is scarcely to be expected that all will go well with him. A light sunshiny day, and prefect stillness, are indispensable for some particular view on which he has set his heart. He has carefully studied it beforehand, and he comes to it full of spirits, hoping to secure at the right moment the bright picture he has painted in his mind's eye. The camera is adjusted, and the plate is ready, when, to his infinite chagrin, the sun goes behind a cloud from which it is not likely to emerge again; or the wind rises, and sets in motion the trees or foreground foliage, on which all the beauty of the picture depends. Or, greater trial still, successive days of rain or wind or leaden dullness bring maters to a standstill altogether, unless he be sufficiently hopeful and patient to take advantage of such casual gleams of sunshine as may come even on the most unpromising days; and that is just what he must make up his mind to do, for it is often on these very days, when it appears to be of little use venturing out at all, that a break will come in the clouds, and the sun shines out white and bright, and the most charming effects are seen. Such chances should never be neglected, for they may prove to be the sole opportunity. But it is quite possible on the roughest days to get good results with the exercise of a little patience. Of course, if wind blows continuously, as it does sometimes without cessation, landscape photography is simply impossible; but when it comes in sudden gusts, violent enough, perhaps, to dash the camera to the ground, there are intervals of perfect stillness, during which foliage may be rendered perfectly by uncapping and capping the lens at the right time. A plate carefully prepared, with a bath in good order, and then closely drained, will keep longer than is generally supposed, and it will be hard if one cannot, during half or three-quarters of an hour, get the requisite two or three minutes exposure. But I would suggest here that he should, first of all, fix his camera-stand firmly in the ground, and then, with a stout string, suspend from the screw-head a big stone or other heavy weight. He will then be free from any solicitude for the safety of his camera, and can give all his thoughts to his work. Sometimes small shrubs or weeds in the foreground cause such annoyance by their motion when all else is still; these may be judiciously pruned without injury to property. If a bough of a tree obtrudes, or is otherwise troublesome, it is better to tie it back out of the way, and release it as soon as your view is taken. I have succeeded in obtaining, in a very high wind, subjects consisting almost wholly of foliage, which had all the appearance of being done on a perfectly still day. If, however, the wind, our greatest foe, proves too much for us, even then there is good work to be done. There are often magnificent cloud effects at such times, and if the photographer will set to work upon them, he may obtain a stock of such cloud negatives as will serve to convert comparatively uninteresting views into perfect pictures. And then, again, while waiting for this or that view, which can only be done on a very perfect day, the true worker need never be at a loss for subjects for the camera; there is a wide field open, and he will find occupation of an improving and delightful kind in taking, as occasion offers, studies of many a picturesque object full of interesting details. An old barn or shed, for instance, with a cart or implements of farm industry; or a pretty cottage mantled with ivy or clematis, with perhaps its aged and simple inmate or a little child at its rustic porch; boats and other craft on the seabeach, or a group of brambles and ferns by the roadside, or a gate at the entrance to a wood, - such subjects as these, and may others of a like nature, are often met with in sheltered spots, and can be photographed successfully even on a dull and windy day; and they form such choice "bits" as his artist friends, when they turn over his folio, will stop at, and find true delight in." This article provides a very good insight into the man, his temperament, methods of work and the way in which he uses special techniques to enhance ordinary photographs. It highlights his painstaking approach with landscapes with a thorough appraisal of the problems faced by the photographer on a day to day basis. His attention to detail was just as impressive with architectural and ecclesiastical subjects which also formed a significant portion of his work. Photographs were an important part of Victorian life. Francis Bedford is acclaimed as one of England's more significant early landscape photographers and his work is a good example of both techniques and the type of material covered during this period. This collection will be an important addition
for any library documenting the History of Photography and landscape
techniques, as well as providing an excellent record for the landscape
of rural Britain in the early Victorian period. EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION BY PHILLIP N ALLEN Francis Bedford (1816-1894) was an extremely respected photographer of the mid-nineteenth century whose landscape images were highly acclaimed. The Bedford archive which is now preserved in the Central Library at Birmingham comprises some 2,700 negatives and a further 2,000 prints. All the images in the collection are reproduced in this microfiche edition together with a detailed listing and subject index giving fiche number, reference number, place, county and title of each photograph. Francis Bedford was born in London into the middle-class family of Francis Octavius Bedford, an architect of some distinction, who designed some six churches. Francis Bedford was the eldest of five children and probably received his earliest training in his father's architectural practice. In this respect it is interesting to note that interiors and exteriors of churches loom large in his later photographic output. Between 1833 and 1849 Francis exhibited a number of architectural drawings and watercolours at the Royal Academy and these again were mainly of ecclesiastical buildings. It is also clear that Bedford was a skilled lithographer for he produced A chart of Westminster Abbey in 1840 followed by A chart of church architecture and The Churches of York in 1843. Digby Wyatt hired Bedford to produce 158 coloured lithographs for the monumental Industrial Arts of the Nineteenth Century at the Great Exhibition of 1851 and by the mid 1850s Bedford was combining his artistic and photographic skills for in the Treasury of Ornamental Art, published in about 1858, it is recorded that the images were "photographed and drawn on stone by Francis Bedford". Exactly when and why Bedford took up photography has not been established but it is possible that the introduction of the collodion wet-plate process in 1851 indicated that the new art had a bright future and that his real involvement dates from this time. It should also be noted that according to his obituary in The Bookseller (6 June 1894) the publishers of all the above works, Day & Son, actually suggested that he should take up photography. It is recorded that Bedford was one of the original members of the Photographic Society which was founded in 1853 and he certainly contributed images to their first 1853-4 exhibition and to subsequent shows until 1870 when he seems to have given up in favour of his son William. He also contributed to the first Photographic Album published in 1855 and a view of Pont-y-pair to the second volume (1857). Wales was to loom large in Bedford's photographic output and of the 9,000 images recorded in his sales catalogue about 900 are views of Wales. Bedford had a great affection for Wales and even had a house at Larne but it was North Wales that received his attention as a photographer. His Chester publishers, Catherall and Pritchard, issued a set of stereoscopic views of Chester and North Wales in 1860 and the Ruined Castles of North Wales followed in 1864. Catherall and Pritchard continued to publish and distribute Bedford's images even after his death in 1894 and were probably using stock prints which had been made at the Camden Road address from whence Bedford operated. An examination of Bedford's published catalogue shows that he photographed almost exclusively in the western half of Britain and did not stray much further north than Blackpool. All the places which he visited were noted for their scenic beauty or had become established tourist attractions. The advent of the railways in the second quarter of the nineteenth century and the inauguration of organised tours by Thomas Cook from 1836 promoted tourism and the introduction of cheap workman's trains in the 1860's and the establishment of Bank Holidays in 1871 acted as a further stimulus. It is interesting to note that Black's Picturesque Tourist and Road and Railway Guide Book through England and Wales published in 1851 and similar guides mention almost all the places which Bedford chose to photograph and it is thus clear that he was fully aware of the commercial value of his work Details of Bedford's personal life are very shadowy but is would appear that he was of a very modest and retiring disposition if not positively reclusive. He seems to have left the parental home as early as 1833 and lived an almost peripatetic life until he bought the house at 326 Camden Road, London where he resided and used as his business address until his death in 1894. The name of his wife remains unknown but we know that his only son, William, was born in 1846. He was elected as a member of the London Photographic Society in 1857 and it was in this year that he received a commission from Queen Victoria to produce some views of Coburg as a gift for Prince Albert. This was not his first royal commission but it led to Bedford's appointment as photographer on the tour of the Middle East by Edward, Prince of Wales, in 1862. The 1860s proved to be Bedford's most active decade during which a large number of publications illustrated with his fine photographs were produced, he was awarded medals and was elected as Vice-President (1861) of the London Photographic Society. Although he was re-elected as Vice President in 1878 Bedford seems to have retired from truly active participation in the work of his chosen profession in favour of his son, William, whose work is almost indistinguishable from that of his father. In 1886 Bedford retired from the Council of the Photographic Society and appears to have busied himself working in his studios at Camden Road. On 13th January, he suffered a mortal blow with the death of his son William and this event probably hastened his own demise on 15th May the following year. The actual archive preserved at Birmingham comprises images both in negative form and as prints many of which were produced by Bedford senior but it is certain that a good number should be attributed to his son if not indeed to the band of workers who helped to operate the Camden Road business. Amongst these mention should be made of Robert Hayward who had worked for Bedford over a period of many years and wrote one of the obituaries of Francis. Another was George Harris who actually continued the business at Camden Road for about seven years after the death of Francis and it was probably he who co-operated with Catherall and Pritchard. The archive probably remained at Camden Road until the family finally vacated the premises in about 1933 and eventually came into the possession of the Francis Frith Company which flourished until 1972. It was from this source that Birmingham Library Services acquired the remaining archive. Although Bedford's published catalogue provides us with very little information about the chronology of the images it is clear that the 10 x 12 plates (Bedford's preferred size) are amongst some of the earliest taken. Other early images can be identified by a physical examination of the plates for many bear the unmistakable signs of the paint-brush. Often the original clouds have been totally obliterated in preparation for a separate sky negative and on others the cloud formation has been markedly improved. Bedford lavished a great deal of attention on his interiors and many negatives have tissue paper pasted over given areas to hold back the light at one point and allow for greater intensity in another. A review of and exhibition in the British Journal of Photography for August 1861 draws attention to Bedford's photograph of the South-west door of Exeter Cathedral saying that it is 'an extraordinary photograph' in which 'an accidental ray lights up in a marvellous manner the internal walls'. Many such photographs are indeed marvellous but the filtered light was far more contrived than the viewer thought. Bedford's importance as one of England's foremost early landscape photographers has long been recognised but it also cannot be doubted that his architectural photographs are of almost equal importance and that his interiors would be difficult to better.
1816 1833 1834 1839 1840 1841 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1869 1871 1873 1875 1878 1879 1881 1884 1885 1886 1890 1891 1891 1893 1894 1897 1898 1900 1903 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1914 1916 MAJOR PUBLICATIONS BY FRANCIS BEDFORD Lithographs A Chart illustrating the Architecture of Westminster Abbey (a folding plate). W.W. Robinson, London (1840) 4º. Sketches in York. H. Smith, York (1843) 14 pl. Fº. A Chart of Anglican Church Architecture Arranged Chronologically with Examples of the Different Styles. Veale, London, 1843. (As above) also published by R. Sunter, York, 1843. Cover title, chart 55 x 39 cm to fold to 14 1/2 x 11 1/2 cm. Fold 24º. The Churches of York. W. Monkhouse and Francis Bedford; with historical and architectural notes by Rev. Joshua Fawcett. H. Smith, York, 1843 Fº. Industrial Arts of the nineteenth Century, at the Great Exhibition 1951, M. Digby Wyatt. Two volumes, London, 1851-1853. Contains 158 large coloured lithographs by Francis Bedford. Examples of Ornament selected chiefly from Works of Art in the British Museum, the Museum of Economic Geology, the Museum of Ornamental Art in Marlborough House, and the new Crystal Palace drawn from original sources, by Francis Bedford (and others). Edited by Joseph Cundall. Bell and Daldy, London 1855. 24 plates with accompanying text. The Grammar of Ornament. Owen Jones illustrated with 100 plates drawn on stone by Francis Bedford, London, 1856, Fº. Art Treasures Exhibition, 1857. Art treasures of the United Kingdon .... chromolithographed by Francis Bedford, 1858, Fº. The Treasury of Ornamental Art. Sir John C Robinson .... Photographd .... and drawn on stone by Francis Bedford, 1858, Fº. Photographs The Photographic Album. Volume 1. Twenty-one photographs by various photographers, including Francis Bedford. London, 1855. The Photographic Album. Volume 2. Thirty-one photographs by various photographers, including Francis Bedford. London, c.1856. The Sunbeam. Edited by P.H. Delamotte. Twenty photographs by various photographers, including Francis Bedford. London, 1859. Previously issued in parts. The Photographic Art Annual. Seventeen photographs by various photographers, including Francis Bedford. Wm. Lay, London, 1859. Gems of Photographic Art. Edited by Francis Frith. Twenty photographs by various photographers, including Francis Bedford. F. Frith, Reigate, 1860. Ruined Abbeys and Castles of Great Britain. William and Mary Howitt, Volume 1, 1862; Volume 2, 1864. Twenty-six photographs by various photographers, including Francis Bedford. (Bedford's photographs are not included in the second volume.) A.W. Bennett, London. 4º. The Wye: its Ruined Abbeys and Castles. William and Mary Howitt. An edited version for the Wye district from above title. Five photographs by R. Sedgefield and Francis Bedford. London, 1863. 8º. The Ruined Castles of North Wales. An edited version for the North Wales district from the above titles. Including photographs by Francis Bedford. 1864. 8º. History of the Recent Discoveries at Cyrene, made during an Expedition to the Cyrenaica in 1860-61, under the auspices of Her Majesty's Government. By Captain R. Murdock Smith, R.E., and Commander E.A. Porcher, R.N. "A selection from the sculpture has been photographed by Mr. Francis Bedford" (Preface). Day and Son, London, 1864. Photographic Pictures made by Mr Francis Bedford during the Tour in the East, in which .... He accompanied .... The Prince of Wales. 4 volumes, Day and Son, London, 1863, Fº. Sterling Price: £350 - US Dollar Price: $580 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Photography as
Art and Social History Birmingham between the years c1890-1932 is brought to life with striking visual impact in this microfiche set. Buildings, people, fashions, custom, families, children, shops, warehouses, factories, streets now long forgotten or barely remembered, flattened by concrete or bulldozed out of site are now collated in a readily accessible reference source. This will be most valuable for social, regional and urban historians, geographers and all those with an interest in the past as seen through photographic evidence. We concentrate on the photographs stamped or marked clearly as "WPS" material. To begin with we have focussed on the "B11" photographs covering Birmingham and the surrounding localities, rather than extending to the Warwickshire countryside and villages at this point. Birmingham, the second largest city of England was an important centre during the Industrial Revolution and during the nineteenth century it grew to a population of over 300,000 by 1861, reaching 522,000 by 1901, and 1,110,683 by 1961. For those studying British urban life and society in the late Victorian and Edwardian era the material covered here, therefore, makes a most significant case study. The genesis of the Collection is described in the following extracts from Victorian and Edwardian Warwickshire from old photographs... Introduction and commentaries by Dorothy McCulla and Martin Hampson. (Produced by Local Studies Department, Birmingham Central Library). "Without the help of old photographs our knowledge of the Victorian and Edwardian periods would be sadly incomplete. It is particularly fitting, therefore, to pay tribute here to an enlightened Victorian gentleman, who had the initiative and skill to make a visual record of his age and to encourage others to follow his example. It was at a meeting of the Sutton Coldfield Vesey Club, in the year 1889, that William Jerome Harrison, a notable geologist, the science demonstrator to the Birmingham School Board and an amateur photographer, outlined his idea for making a photographic survey of Warwickshire. On 11 December Mr Harrison was invited by Sir Benjamin Stone to read to the Birmingham Photographic Society a paper entitled "Notes upon a proposed Photographic Survey of Warwickshire." In his speech Mr Harrison stressed the importance of photographing ordinary people: "We must accumulate portraits, then, of all our local worthies. And to them we must add street scenes secured with the hand-camera from all our towns ... from the country labourer in his smock-frock (a garment now rapidly disappearing) to the skilled artisan of the city, seated before his lathe. Nothing that illustrates contemporary life must be omitted - the policeman, the soldier, and the volunteer, must adorn our albums, and we must go slumming to depict the shady side of life." The idea was seconded, resolved unanimously, and the Warwickshire Photographic Survey was born. The first meeting took place on 8 May 1890 and as a result of the remarkable team effort of the members, more than 10,000 photographs are now contained in the Local Studies Department of the Birmingham Central Libraries, ..." Our detailed listing provides data on individual photographs as per the examples below:- Print No: WK/B11/5 Print No: WK/B11/47 Print No: WK/B11/105 Other examples, to give a flavour of the material, include revealing social scenes: WK/B11/191 Laying telephone wires in Colemore Row, Birmingham, June 1989 by Thomas Clarke. WK/B11/218 Corporation Street, Birmingham, c1899 by W.J. Harrison. WK/B11/352 Bull Ring Flower Market, 1st June 1901 by Percy Deakin. WK/B11/353 Bull Ring Flower Market, 7th May 1898 by Percy Deakin. WK/B11/364 Interior view of Smithfield Vegetable Market, 8 am, June 1901 by F. Crompton Lewis. WK/B11/365 Interior view of Smithfield Vegetable Market, 8.15 am, June 1901 by F. Crompton Lewis. WK/B11/366 Interior view of Smithfield Vegetable Market, 7.10 am, June 1901 by F. Crompton Lewis. This set of three allows interesting comparisons between the activity and disposition of the market stalls at different time intervals in the early morning. WK/B11/375 Kerb merchant selling cheap jewellery, 1900. WK/B11/442 Children of the Poor. Birmingham Cinderella Club outing to Sutton Park, 1898-1900, by J. Cruwys Richards. There are a significant number of photographs depicting life and conditions in Victorian schools throughout Birmingham, for instance:- WK/B11/5143 Icknield Street School, the science laboratory, 1895 by William Jerome Harrison. WK/B11/5146 Needlework lesson at Waverley Road School, 1896 by W. Woollaston. Such social scenes were also captured in many other cities throughout the world during the second half of the nineteenth century. International parallels exist in the work of John Thomson, Jacon A Riis, Paul Martin and Eugène Atget. The first documentary photographs were daguerreotypes by Richard Beard of street types to illustrate Henry Mayhew's social survey London Labour and the London Poor (1851). John Thomson's Street Life in London (1877) also documented the life and work of the poorer classes. Thomson placed special emphasis on depicting people in their usual surroundings and accompanied each photograph with a brief article on the living and working conditions of the subject. Adolphe Smith, a journalist, helped him write these descriptions. Jacob A. Riis, a police - court reporter on the New York Tribune, believed that the camera was a mightier weapon than the pen for beating the bad conditions that lead to crime. Between 1887 and 1892 he took a poignant series of photographs to point out to society its obligations to the poor. With his books How the Other Half Lives (1890) and Children of the Poor (1892) Riis awakened the conscience of New Yorkers and influenced the Governor of New York State, Theodore Roosevelt, to launch a number of social reforms, including sorting out the problem of the notorious tenements at Mulberry Bend. Today, the Jacob A. Riis Neighbourhood Settlement commemorates the photographer's work. Paul Martin's London Street scenes and photographs of people at seaside resorts taken in the 1890's made him the first 'candid cameraman' nearly 40 years before the phrase was coined. Using a hand camera concealed in a briefcase Martin was able to capture revealing moments. His "London by Night" pictures taken in the winter of 1895-6 were the first of their kind. Eugène Atget had a similar passion for documentation. He wanted to record Paris in all its facets, and made between 1898 and 1927 an enormous series of photographs of buildings, staircases, door-knockers, ornate stucco decorations, shopfronts, vehicles and street life in every shape and form. The scale of Atget's self-imposed task, he left to posterity nearly 10,000 prints, was similar to that of the Warwickshire Photographic Survey. Similar endeavours were undertaken by the Boston Camera Club in the United States and in May 1889, E. Howarth published his "Suggestions for a Photographic Survey of the District of Sheffield". William Jerome Harrison, by this time a familiar name in British and American photographic periodicals, was well aware of all these developments. The Warwickshire Photographic Survey was William Jerome Harrison's idea. However, he was supported by a team of photographers and the Birmingham Photographic Society encouraged contributions from all quarters. Most significant contributions came from William Jerome Harrison himself, William Archer Clark, Thomas Lewis (see below), Thomas Clarke, Percy Deakin, F. Crompton Lewis, Lewis Lloyd, George Whitehouse, J.W. Steele, and A.J. Leeson. Thomas Lewis (1844-1913) lived in Moor Street, Birmingham next door to Pickering and Stern, 'photographic artists'. As a schoolboy he must have been fascinated by what he saw. The draped studio relied on a large window, good weather, and clients being punctual to catch the best light. On a stand was the camera, made of wood and possibly of the sliding-box type, for bellows had achieved little popularity in England by the 1860s. A hand-painted landscape rolled down behind a low mock-garden wall, and the props of the time stood around: a small Doric column, chairs with headrests to prevent sitters' heads moving during the long exposure times, and a few tasteful house plants completing the clutter. No doubt Thomas would also peer into the coloured gloom of the darkroom and would catch the smell of candles burning in the safelights. The distinctive pungent of collodion being carefully run across glass plates added a magical touch to the new alchemy. In comparison the prospect of perpetuating his father's tailoring business seemed just a little dull. Thomas Lewis, at the age of twenty-five, opened his first studio, in Moor Street in 1871. A year later he moved to better premises in up-town Paradise Street. This foundered with the increasing overheads the expensive site demanded. Then for five years Lewis was a photographer for the famous view-card form of Frith and Sons. He travelled the whole of Great Britain, and acquired a feeling for views which was to remain with him all through his life. He learned what to include in a scene and what to leave out. In 1879 he set up in business on his own again and this time he succeeded. Lewis photographed many of Birmingham's expanding industries and became one of the country's first commercial and architectural photographers along with Bedford le Mare of London and Stewart Bale of Liverpool. In 1894 he moved to 200 Stratford Road, Sparkbrook. Thomas Lewis, the founder of John Whybrow Limited, took over 1,000 negatives and prints of Birmingham between 1871 and 1930. He was a most important contributor to the Warwickshire Photographic Survey. By 1885 he had increasingly started to devote time to commercial, industrial and architectural photography. It was in 1913 that Lewis engaged a new photographer, Sidney Herbert Edward Whybrow, father of John Whybrow. Birmingham gained city status in 1889 and seven years later the title of Lord Mayor was first conferred on its chief magistrate. By the second half of the nineteenth century important changes were taking place in Birmingham's industrial structure. Larger premises and the requirements of the factory system led to congestion in the central area. New factories were being built along the main rail or canal routes, especially along the Wolverhampton Canal to the northwest and in the northeast, along the Fazeley Canal. Joseph Chamberlain became Lord Mayor in 1873 and his period of influence on the Borough Council led to many reforms and improvements. The era of municipalisation began in earnest in 1875 when the town's private gas companies were acquired by the Borough. Joseph Chamberlain also pushed through a similar measure for the municipalisation of water supplies. This did lead to rapid improvements and before long better quality water was available to an extra 47,000 houses. There was no doubt that this measure was one of Chamberlain's most important in view of the insanitary conditions prevailing before 1875. He ordered a sanitary census to be undertaken and this revealed all the evils which rapid industrial and urban growth had bequeathed to the region. Chamberlain has been described as the founding father of the City of Birmingham and certainly he was the guiding force pushing the town into providing the sort of civic services and amenities demanded by its growing importance as an industrial and commercial centre. By 1889, Birmingham had acquired better roads, sewers, water and gas supplies, more libraries and parks, higher standards of public health and an expanding transport system - soon it was to be described as "the best governed city in the world". It had become a leading provincial city and its fame and reputation had spread worldwide through its manufacturers. However, such rapid growth was bound to have adverse effects and these were to be seen in the appalling living conditions of many of the citizens, submerged as they were in a congested urban sprawl. In the next fifty years many of these problems were tackled and the Warwickshire Photographic Survey highlights many of the changes that were necessary. The biggest and most influential redevelopment scheme in the central area was undoubtedly the building of Corporation Street. The rapid industrialisation and population increases in the mid nineteenth century had resulted in some of the worst slums in the country in the area between New Street and Aston Road. After the Artisans' Dwellings Act was passed in 1875, the local authority was provided with extensive powers to acquire, clear and redevelop slum areas and to rehouse the residents. Joseph Chamberlain grasped this opportunity to rid Birmingham of these slums. In the process, he had a vision of driving across the cleared space "a great street, as broad as a Parisian boulevard" which would "open up a street such as Birmingham has not got and is almost stifling for want of". The Improvement Committee under the chairmanship of Councillor William White supervised the scheme. By 1889 Corporation Street had filled up with fine new buildings which accommodated a wide range of shops, restaurants, coffee houses, hotels and offices. The photographs in this microfiche edition give a vivid picture of the city centre in the 1890s, as well as providing evidence of the changes made in the next few decades. The general atmosphere of the Central area is well captured. In the 1890s this was in sharp contrast to the faster pace and greater mobility of modern times. Everything seemed slower then and the principal mode of transport, apart from walking, was by horse-drawn bus or tram, although some new fangled steam trams had recently made their noisy appearance on the City's streets. Horses were used in every trade and there were milk and bread carts, railway carts, brewer's drays and delivery wagons bringing fresh supplies to the shops and carting fruit, meat and vegetables from the Bull Ring markets. Horse-drawn vehicles of all sorts rattled over the cobbled granite or wood road surfaces, which were covered with sand or sometimes wood shavings, to prevent the horses from slipping - asphalt was considered too slippery and dangerous for horses, especially on the City's steep gradients. A large section of photographs in this collection depict the condition of Birmingham's slums in 1905. Four years earlier, in 1901, housing powers were delegated to a new Housing Committee in recognition, at least, that there was a problem. Its Chairman was Councillor J.S. Nettlefold, who opposed municipal hosing and wholesale demolitions. Instead, his policy was to re-condition back courts by demolishing the two buildings on either side of a court entrance to allow more air and light to penetrate. These came to be called "Nettlefold Courts". This policy of limited rehabilitation did produce some beneficial results, mainly through firm but friendly pressure upon the property owners so that a good deal of property was overhauled and repaired. The Committee also saw a partial answer to the problem of the central slum areas in encouraging the outward migration of the City's population and it concluded that the average working man required better housing accommodation than he had in the past. The Housing Committee aimed to do everything possible to encourage and nothing to discourage a high standard of living and most significantly to encourage the exodus to the suburbs. In 1905, Nettlefold's Housing Committee took a more radical look at the housing situation and a delegation visited Germany to examine the ways in which new houses had been planned and built there. The Committee's basic problem was to find ways of improving inner area conditions as well as to assist in the provision of healthy, cheerful houses on the outskirts of the City, whilst at the same time not unduly or unnecessarily increasing housing rents. The German experience proved to have a considerable impact on the Committee's thinking and some fairly advanced Town Planning principles emerged. The delegation found that every sizeable town in Germany had adopted a Town Expansion Plan. This provided for the future development of all land within their boundaries, settling direction and widths of streets and generally controlling the types of development in particular areas. This was a novel concept compared to the English experience of a haphazard methodology. Enthused by what they had seen, the Housing Committee recommended that there should be powers to control development in new areas to ensure a better distribution of houses and provision of roads, and to buy land in the suburbs where private enterprise could be encouraged to build working mens' houses at moderate rents. In moving in this direction, Birmingham was emerging as one of the first British local authorities to espouse Town Planning ideas which have since been taken as basic principles in influencing the type and direction of development. These ideas were soon to have legislative support in the Housing, Town Planning etc Act of 1909. Over 1,200 photographs in this microfiche edition deal with Birmingham's slums in the period 1905-1912. Over 90% of these photographs were taken in 1905. This sequence starts with WK/B11/1563 - Adams Street and proceeds in alphabetical sequence, including Allison Street, Bagot Street, Barford Street, Bath Row, Boardsley Street, Bow Street, Cheapside, Clarkson Street, all the way through to Windmill Street and Wrentham Street. This material should be of great interest to all urban historians. For additional background information please see Peter James' article A Century of Survey Photography reproduced on fiche 1 (first published in the Local Historian November 1990, Volume 20 Number 4, pp 166-172), and also, the sequence of maps of Birmingham's most central area in 1533, 1875 and 1972, reproduced on fiche 3 after the Detailed Listing (reproduced from pp 16-17 of How does your Birmingham grow? Ed. John Whybrow 1972). Sterling Price: £800 - US Dollar Price: $1100 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Poetic Commonplace
Books and Manuscripts of Thomas Gray, 1716-1771 Thomas Gray's autograph Commonplace Book is published here in full for the first time, together with further manuscript drafts of poems and essays, diaries and annotated volumes from his library, which are now held in Pembroke College, Cambridge, his home from 1756 to 1771. These sources allow a thorough examination of his development as a poet and prose writer and provide insights into his views of travel and natural beauty. The three substantial volumes that make up the Commonplace Book commence in c1736 when he was an undergraduate at Cambridge with Horace Walpole. They were compiled following John Locke's recommendations, including notes and essays under all manner of headings, poems written by Gray and copies of verse that he admired, lists of books owned and read and indexes. They continue for the whole period of his literary career. This included the three years, 1738-1740, when Gray travelled across Europe with Walpole, visiting Paris, Rheims, Geneva and much of Italy. A highlight was the crossing of the Alps which impressed Gray deeply. "Not a precipice, not a torrent, not a cliff, but is pregnant with religion and poetry." It covers the period of his first poetic output in 1741, the death of his friend, the poet Richard West, Gray's fruitful sojourn in Stoke Poges, the Elegy, his return to Cambridge and his latter-day work on English and Icelandic poetry. The volumes include important autograph versions of the Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard (much revised, with the 'Redbreast' stanza and notes), the Eton Ode (here entitled 'Ode, on a Prospect of Windsor, and the adjacent Country, in 1743'), the Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat ('who fell into a China-Tub with Gold-fishes in it and was drown'd), the Ode on the Spring, and the Ode to Adversity. In all there are nearly 60 major poems featured with a further 11 in the loose manuscripts held by Pembroke. The volumes also include his transcription of poems by Walpole and Richard West, and numerous translations from the Greek and Latin by Gray. There are essays on 'the use of Rhyme', 'Norman Architecture', 'History' and on Greek literature and philosophers, as well as notes on geography, natural history and English metre. The loose manuscripts supplement the volumes with further prose writings such as his Latin Essays, notes on Roman history, notes on Melpomene, Muse of Tragedy, and on marriages. Two additional diaries include observations in the later period of his life in 1755-6 and 1760, making notes on callers and events, book purchases, natural catastrophes, his own health and the progress of flora. The annotated volumes from his library show something of the range of his reading and his relationship to his books. They include MacPherson's Fragments of Ancient Poetry, Pennant's British Zoology, Miller's Gardener's Dictionary, Ramusio's Voyages (in Italian), Bergeron's Voyages to Asia (in French), Gruner on Swiss Glaciers (in French), Gerard's Herball and the Selected Remains of the Learned John Ray. Sterling Price: £1100 - US Dollar Price: $1750 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page The Police Gazette
"No complete run of the Police Gazette
exists. It is probable that this single fact alone accounts for
the little use made of it by historians. It contains a wealth of
information relating to crime, to offenders and policing. The publication
on microfilm of this source, compiled from a variety of different
archives is to be welcomed as a little known but immensely valuable
resource." The Police Gazette originated from the work of Sir John Fielding (d1780), and his half-brother, the novelist, Henry Fielding (1707-1754) in Eighteenth Century London. As well as serving as magistrates and presiding over the introduction of a small number of paid constables - the Bow Street Runners - they experimented in the apprehension of criminals through the use of public advertising and the circulation of details of offenders to other justices throughout the country. In 1752, Henry Fielding used his own publication, The Covent Garden Journal, to invite victims of crimes to contact him with details of the crimes committed against them, properties stolen, and descriptions of the criminals involved. Advertisements were then placed in the journal, usually with a reward attached, for the recovery of the property and the apprehension of the criminals. The advertisements proved to be a success and paved the way for a succession of journals specifically devoted to the description of criminals and offences. These range from Sir John Fielding's Public Advertiser, to the Quarterly Pursuit and Weekly Pursuit, which were distributed to Mayors and Chief Magistrates far and wide. Shortly afterwards, Lord North persuaded George III that the journal deserved to be published on an official basis and there followed, in succession, the Public Hue and Cry, The Hue and Cry and Police Gazette and, finally, the Police Gazette. Approximately 150,000 copies were printed of each issue. The Metropolitan Police took over the publication of the Police Gazette from 1883, and from the same date illustrations start to appear in the text. The journal continues today. Despite the large number of copies produced of the Police Gazette and its predecessors, no complete run exists anywhere in the world. The aim of this microfilm project is to assemble a 149 year run of the journal from 1752 through to 1900 by filming various scattered holdings. Part 1 makes available issues for 1866-1869, 1871-1878, 1882-1897 & 1899-1900 from the holdings of the Cambridgeshire Police Archive (covering 30 years, representing 20% of the total). Scholars can use the Police Gazette to quantify the levels of Murder and Malicious Wounding; Arson and Wilful Burning; Forgery; Robbery; Burglary and House Breaking; Horse and Cattle Stealing; Larceny and Embezzlement; and Fraud in Victorian Britain. Sterling Price: £940 - US Dollar Price: $1500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page The Police Gazette
"Since 1772, this periodical has contained
detailed information relating to crime, criminals and police officers
throughout England and Wales. It contains a wealth of information
of interest to police and local historians and is a virtually untapped
source." The importance of The Police Gazette is in the thousands of detailed descriptions it gives of travelling criminals, absentees, deserters and escaped convicts, together with a plethora of information concerning their crimes. It originated from the work of Sir John Fielding (d1780), and his half-brother, the novelist, Henry Fielding (1707-1754) in Eighteenth Century London. As well as serving as magistrates and presiding over the introduction of a small number of paid constables - the Bow Street Runners - they experimented in the apprehension of criminals through the use of public advertising and the circulation of details of offenders to other justices throughout the country. In 1752, Henry Fielding used his own publication, The Covent Garden Journal, to invite victims of crimes to contact him with details of the crimes committed against them, properties stolen, and descriptions of the criminals involved. Advertisements were then placed in the journal, usually with a reward attached, for the recovery of the property and the apprehension of the criminals. The advertisements proved to be a success and paved the way for a succession of journals specifically devoted to the description of criminals and offences. These range from Sir John's Public Advertiser, to the Quarterly Pursuit and Weekly Pursuit, which were distributed to Mayors and Chief Magistrates far and wide. Shortly afterwards, Lord North persuaded George III that the journal deserved to be published on an official basis and there followed, in succession, the Public Hue and Cry, The Hue and Cry and Police Gazette and, finally, the Police Gazette. c150,000 copies were printed of each issue. The Metropolitan Police took over the publication from 1883, and from the same date illustrations start to appear in the text. The journal continues today. Despite the large number of copies produced of the Police Gazette and its predecessors, no complete run exists anywhere in the world. The aim of this microfilm project is to assemble a 149 year run of the journal from 1752 through to 1900 by filming various scattered holdings. Part 1 made available issues for 1866-1869, 1871-1878, 1882-1897 & 1899-1900 from the holdings of the Cambridgeshire Police Archive (covering 30 years, representing 20% of the total). This second part, bringing together copies formerly addressed to the Colonial Secretary, now held at the State Library of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, makes available issues for 1797-1810, 1828 & 1830-1840 (covering a further 26 years, representing 17% of the total). Importantly, it allows comparisons to be made between the types of crimes occurring in the 1790's, 1810's, 1820's, 1830's, 1840's and those of the 1860's, 1870's, 1880's & 1890's. The reports will be of as much interest to the literary scholar, who can examine highway robbery in the age of Tom Jones and escapees from the Marshalsea prison in the age of Dickens, as to the social historian, who can use the volumes to examine aspects of class, criminality and material culture. This is a prime source for information on the transportation of convicts, and on deserters from the army, and also provides a clear indication of government fears concerning public disorder from the French Revolution onwards. The issues covered in this second part are: There are reports of footpads, highwaymen, smugglers, house-breakers, murderers, forgers, larcenists, arsonists, deserters and escaped convicts. Detailed descriptions are given of shops' goods that have been looted, possessions taken from houses, clothes that have been taken from unfortunate travellers, and horses and cattle stolen from farmers. The thousands of particulars given build up a vivid picture of serious and petty crime in Hanoverian and Victorian Britain. Notices proclaim new government initiatives to curtail the sale of "loose and licentious prints, books and publications" (3 Feb 1798), to suppress "Seditious and Treasonable Societies" (16 Nov 1799) and to enforce "a publick Day of Fasting and Humiliation ... in order to obtain Pardon of Our Sins and in the most devout and solemn manner send up Our Prayers and Supplications ... for the Restoration of Peace, and Prosperity to Us and Our Dominions." (7 Jan 1809). This source will enrich our understanding
of the perils of living and the nature of justice Sterling Price: £470 - US Dollar Price: $750 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Politics in the
Age of Revolution, 1715-1848 "Edmund Burke's own surviving writings are
mostly available, and the rest soon will be, in scholarly editions.
But the editors of the Correspondence and of the Writings and Speeches
are necessarily quite sparing in drawing on the letters and other
papers received by Edmund Burke and these are in themselves an important
segment of the source material for the political history of the
late eighteenth century in which Edmund Burke played a crucial part
for over 30 years. This microfilm edition of the papers of Edmund
Burke will therefore be welcome to libraries and scholars everywhere." "Despite his humble origins and failure
ever to hold high office, Edmund Burke was of major importance in
later eighteenth century politics as a party tactician, member of
parliament and orator, political philosopher and writer whose views
were influential on many major issues. His well organised papers
(never likely to be fully published in a printed version) throw
vital light on a large number of key topics of the period, as a
description of the collection makes clear." This publication offers the whole of the Burke literature, letters and papers from the Wentworth Woodhouse Muniments at Sheffield City Libraries. Interleaved in their correct sequence throughout this rich correspondence are copies of letters from other libraries scattered across the world, including over 700 items from Northamptonshire County Record Office. It includes the voluminous quantities of in letters scattered throughout the files, Burke's own rough notes for speeches, draft bills, and his memoranda concerning America, Indian affairs, Ireland and the Roman Catholic Question, English politics and the French Revolution. This is a major source for the study of politics in the Age of Revolution particularly for the years 1760-1797, and will be of great interest to literary scholars, political scientists and a broad range of historians. The correspondence, contained in 67 bound guard books, is especially strong. There are nearly 3,000 original letters to and from Burke, including a notable exchange with the Gentleman of the Committee of Correspondence of New York, 1771-1775. Attention should be drawn to the large numbers of in letters, most of which have never been published. Contributors include: Henry Addington, Joseph Banks, Francis Baring, Henry Bathurst, James Boswell, Major John Cartwright, George Crabbe, James Delancy, Henry Dundas, Charles James Fox, Benjamin Franklin, David Garrick, Charles Grey, Major Robert Hobart, Rev Dr Thomas Hussey, Sir Charles Jenkinson, Samuel Johnson, The Chevalier de la Bintinaye, Jean Francois de la Marche, Sir George MaCartney, Edmund Malone, Mrs Elizabeth Montague, Arthur Murphy, The New York Assembly, William Pitt, The 3rd Duke of Portland, Joshua Reynolds, The 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, Admiral Rodney, R B Sheridan, Adam Smith, Thomas Townsend, William Wickham, and William Windham. Also significant are the letters and writings of the Burke family which are included in this collection. As Copeland and Smith have noted, "The Burke family was a kind of political committee active in Edmund's affairs ..." - none more so than Edmund's so called 'cousin', William Burke, whose own notebooks are included together with his correspondence and that of Jane Burke, Richard Burke Senior, and Richard Burke Junior. Much of this has been excluded from printed editions. There are eight boxes of loose manuscript material which, in particular, feature Burke's own subject files of notes and papers, including: Notes and papers on Ireland and the Roman Catholic Question concerning those executed in 1766 in connection with the "Whiteboys" activities; anti Roman Catholic riots; the massacre in St George's Fields, 1769; Scotland, 1779; the Gordon Riots, 1780; Richard Burke as an agent for the Irish Catholics; notes from Pitt; petitions; charges against the Government of Lord Westmorland, 1791 1792; queries addressed to Burke; and his own notes. Notes and papers on American Affairs, comprising eleven bundles of material, especially notes for speeches; papers relating to the Canada Bill, 1774; the exchange of prisoners, 1779; the Virginia Stamp Act and articles of impeachment against Lord North. Notes and papers on Indian Affairs. In the late 1780s Burke exposed the evils and corruption of the Indian administration under Warren Hastings. Included are papers of the trial of Warren Hastings; Burke's notes for speeches, letters, resolutions and memoranda relating to the trial, 1784 1797. Notes and papers on the French Revolution in Burke's hand, a narrative of events by a French emigré; translation of a letter to the foreign powers, 23 April 1791, by Abbé Thomas Maurice Royon; notes on French refugees and the Penn School; M Dupont's answer to Mr Burke (verses attributed to Lord Camelford); and drafts of letters to Lord Grenville and the Queen of France. Burke reacted swiftly to the French Revolution, much earlier than most of his compatriots, seeing in the new ideas a menace to British traditions. His Reflections on the French Revolution (1790) lost him the support of Fox. Burke spent the last four years of his life assisting French refugees. Notes and papers on English Political Questions for Burke's speeches, including material on the Nullum Tempus Bill and Lowther case, 1768; John Wilkes and the Middlesex election; notes for proceedings at Keppel's trial in 1778; Economic Reform; proposed reforms 1779 1782; petitions; notes on the Corn Laws; the price of provisions; ministerial negotiations, 1767; and repeated condemnations of royal power. As this is a complete edition of the Wentworth Woodhouse muniments, we also include Burke's manuscript speeches (including his notes and drafts), poetry and essays. His speeches are remarkable. As Hazlitt has commented "This is true eloquence; this is a man pouring out his mind on paper." Some of those featured are: On Window Tax, 1766; American Taxation, 1775; and On economical reform, 1779- 80. Burke's poems (some 9 items) and manuscripts for the works which have secured Burke a place in literary history (some 50 items) are also well represented. Autograph prose includes: Address to the King, 1797; The Catholic Claims Discussed, 1795; A letter from a Distinguished English Commoner to a Peer in Ireland, 1782; A Letter in Vindication of His Conduct with Regard to the Affairs of Ireland, 1780 and Three Memorials on French Affairs, 1791, 1792 and 1793. A series of Notebooks contain early writings on literary topics and philosophical questions, c1754 1760. These also include material by William Burke. This project enables Burke's own letters and writings to be seen in a broader context and will be invaluable for all those interested in eighteenth century British politics, the American War of Independence, Ireland and the Roman Catholic Question, British Rule in India, and the French Revolution. Sterling Price: £1950 - US Dollar Price: $3100 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Private Libraries
in Renaissance England "PLRE is as much a project of wider scope
as a series of published volumes.... In the future it will clearly
be the greatest resource of its kind, making available hitherto
unpublished records, merging book-lists from other sources, and
building book-lists from extant books. Even though its greatest
advantages lie in its being at heart a database, with all the flexibility
that that medium offers, the published volumes are well-designed
and user-friendly and provide a fascinating tour through private
libraries of Renaissance England." "... of major importance to historians of
the Tudor period." "An invaluable working tool." A knowledge of its reading habits reveals much about a people and its culture. Intellectual history, literary history, historical bibliography and social history are just some of the fields of learning served by the study of book ownership. The first volume describes 1,387 books in four libraries - those of Bishop Richard Cox , Sir Edward Stanhope, Sir Roger Townshend & Sir Edward Dering. As with all volumes in the PLRE series, there is a brief biography of each library owner, a note concerning the source of information concerning the library, a reference list and a detailed inventory giving, where possible, the author, title, edition, date, printer, language and appraised value. These detailed inventories are supported by a panoply of indices concerning: Authors and Works; Editors, Compilers, Illustrators; Translators; Stationers; Places of Publication and Dates of Publication. Private Libraries in Renaissance England thus tells us much about individual libraries, book ownership, the proliferation of certain texts, and the nature of learning and reading in the Renaissance. Table of Contents: Sterling Price: £42 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Private Libraries
in Renaissance England "The appearance of this first volume of
book-lists from the probate inventories of the Vice-Chancellor's
Court at Oxford is an event of major importance to historians of
the Tudor period. In order to be able to say, with specificity,
what was known in Tudor England about any particular subject such
as agriculture, astronomy, biology, economics, education, geography,
history, languages, law , literature, mathematics, medicine, music,
philosophy, physics, or theology, one needs to know what books on
these subjects were read by Tudor men and women." Where Volume 1 described the contents of four great libraries, Volume 2-7 reveal the general pattern of book ownership in Oxford in the 16th and 17th centuries. Volumes 2-7 catalogue approximately 9,000 books in the probate inventories taken between 1507 and 1653 under the jurisdiction of the Chancellor of Oxford University. Volume 2 covers all of the 1,150 book entries in the 62 Oxford inventories surviving for the years from 1507 and 1554. Most describe the libraries of scholars of this period, but there are also the book-lists of a cleric, a manciple and some students. These detailed inventories are supported by a panoply of indices concerning: Authors and Works; Editors, Compilers, Illustrators; Translators; Stationers; Places of Publication and Dates of Publication. Table of annotated Book-lists by Owner: William Balborough (d.1514) John Balyn (d.1513) Edward Beaumont (d.1552) William Bidnell (d.1512) Bisley (inventory 1543) John Bowerman (d.1507) Robert Bryan (d.1508) Edmund Burton (d.1529) John Carter (d.1509) Thomas Cartwright (d.1532) William Chantry (d.1507) George Chastelain (d.1513) William Chogan (d.1537) John Coles (d.1529) Robert Collins (receipt 1512) Anthony Dalaber (inventory 1529) Peter Deegen (d.1527) William Derbyshire (d.1551) William Dewer (d.1514) Roger Froster (d.1514) William Gofton (d.1507) Roger Griffin (d.1510) William Gryce (d.1528) William Hamlyn (d.1534) John Hartburn (d.1513) Robert Hawarden (d.1527) John Heywood (d.1514) Thomas Hodges (d.1539) Matthias Hogan (d.1508) Edward Hoppe (d.1538) Robert Hunt (d.1536) William Hurde (d.1551) Lionel Jackson (d.1514) John Kitley (d.1531) John Kitson (d.1536) John Kyffen (d.1514) Dunstan Lacy (d.1534) William Lilbourn (d.1514) Roger Mason (d.1513) George Merven (d.1529) John Morcote (d.1508) Robert Mychegood (d.1508) John Pantry (d.1541) Robert Petcher (d.1507) John Price (d.1554) Anthony Purfrey (d.1527) Robert Purviar (d.1536) Thomas Quarrendon (inventory 1507) Nicholas Rawson (d.1511) John Robinson (d.1508) John Robinson (d.1511) John Rothley (d.1511) John Roxburgh (D.1509) Thomas Simons (d.1553) Abbot of Talley (inventory 1528) Thomas Thomson (d.1514) William Thomson (d.1507) William Upton (d.1527) John Wicking (d.1551) Richard Wood (d.1508) William Woodruff (inventory 1529) William Yardley (d.1530) Sterling Price: £42 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Private Libraries
in Renaissance England Volumes 2-7 catalogue approximately 9,000 books in the probate inventories taken between 1507 and 1653 under the jurisdiction of the Chancellor of Oxford University. Volume 2 covered those for the period from 1507 to 1554. Volumes 3-7 cover those for 1555 to 1653. This third volume covers a further 20 book-lists containing 1,365 books for the period from 1558 to 1570 including those of a butler, several clerics and many scholars. These detailed inventories are supported by a panoply of indices concerning: Authors and Works; Editors, Compilers, Illustrators; Translators; Stationers; Places of Publication and Dates of Publication. There is also a cumulative catalogue of book owners with many additional lists (such as a list of the professions of owners and a break down of the social status of owners). Table of AnnotateD Book-lists by Owner: Richard Allen (d.1569) Thomas Allen (d.1561) John Atkinson (d.1570) William Brown (d.1558) John Bury (d.1567) Richard Cliff (d.1566) John Conner (d.1569) Thomas Day (d.1570) George and Simon Digby (inventory 1569) John Dunnet (D.1570) Thomas Griffith (d.1562) James Johnson (d.1568) Robert Jones (d.1567) Lisle (inventory 1570) Richard Ludby (d.1567) William Napper (d.1569) John Shoesmith (d.1568) Nicholas Sykes (d.1562) David Tolley (d.1558) Henry Townrow (d.1565) Sterling Price: £42 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Private Libraries
in Renaissance England Volumes 2-7 catalogue approximately 9,000 books in the probate inventories taken between 1507 and 1653 under the jurisdiction of the Chancellor of Oxford University. Volume 2 covered those for the period from 1507 to 1554. Volumes 3-7 cover those for 1555 to 1653. This fourth volume covers a further 26 book-lists containing 1,673 books for the period from1570 to 1576. These detailed inventories are supported by the usual range of indices concerning: Authors and Works; Editors, Compilers, Illustrators; Translators; Stationers; Places of Publication and Dates of Publication. There is also a cumulative catalogue which list book owners, book-lists in date order, manuscript types, and the professions and status of book owners. Table of Annotated Book-lists by Owner: Austion (inventory 1572) William Battbrantes (d.1572) John Beddow (inventory 1571, partly 1577) Walter Dyllam (inventory 1575) Robert Hart (d.1571) Robert Hooper (inventory 1571) Philip Johnson (d.1576) Lewis Jones (d.1571) William Kettelby (inventory 1573) Richard Lanham (inventory 1573) Nicholas Lombard (d.1575) Richard Lye (d.1575) Thomas Maudesley (d.1571) John Mitchell (d.1572) Thomas Morgan (inventory 1570) Thomas Neale (inventory 1572) James Powell (d.1575) Jerome Reynolds (d.1571) John Reynolds (d.1571) Richard Slatter (inventory 1576) John Tatham (d.1576) Thomas Thornbury (d.1570) Tichborne (inventory 1570, partly 1569) Sterling Price: £42 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Private Libraries
in Renaissance England Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Private Libraries
in Renaissance England Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Private Libraries
in Renaissance England Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Private Libraries
in Renaissance England on CD-ROM (exPLoRE) This CD-ROM provides a fully searchable
version of the printed text of all 7 PLRE volumes together with
other published or unpublished book-lists (including those of John
Betts, Myles Blomefield, Sir Thomas Bludder, Richard Burton, John
Dee, John Jewel, Ben Jonson, John Leech, John Rastell and Peter
Shaw, Captain Henry Sibthorpe (and Lady Anne Southwell), Richard
Stonely and all those from the Cambridge University probate inventories
plus a further 25 book-lists from Garrett Godfrey's Accounts) to
form a powerful database that will reveal much about humanist culture. Sterling Price: £975 - US Dollar Price: $1650 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page PROfiles 1964
on CD-ROM Series Editors: "PROfiles ... holds the potential to revolutionise
future primary source research and leads the field in using CD-ROM
technology to increase public access to government records...." "These CD-ROMs will, for the first time,
make readily accessible large amounts of archival governmental material.
Quite apart from their value as research tools, these CD-ROMs are
also teaching aids. Reproducing as they do facsimiles of original
documents, including circulation lists and handwritten annotations,
they can serve both to introduce undergraduates to the problems
of research using original sources, and as part of the training
of doctoral students in the arcane processes of British policy making." PROfiles 1964 is a path-breaking project which makes available facsimiles of modern historical records in electronic format, linked to a powerful and user-friendly search mechanism developed by Insoft. Anyone with access to a PC and this very reasonably priced series of 15 CD-ROMs will be able to search the whole range of PRO Class lists for this period by any name or word, refine their search if the number of hits is excessive, and then go directly to scanned images of the original documents. Some 2,356 documents are reproduced, with a total of 158,761 pages. PROfiles 1964 is an ideal source for anyone trying to understand the workings of British Government and the organisation of the Public Record Office. It will prove invaluable to anyone wishing to teach students in these areas and to prepare them for visits to the Public Record Office. PROfiles 1964 provides generous coverage of the main files for 1964. This period witnessed the final nine months of the the Conservative Douglas-Home administration and the first three months of the Labour Wilson administration. As such, it shows contrasting styles of government. It is possible to see how particular issues are treated by different departments. For instance: What kind of issues reached Cabinet? How was the work of the Cabinet Committees different? Do the Prime Minister's Office files show that the PM sought to circumvent Cabinet discussion? How do Cabinet discussions of Foreign Affairs stand in relation to Foreign Office files on the same topic? What was the role of the Chief of Defence Staff Committees? Given that the Budget Papers (T 171) are covered in their entirety, scholars will also be able to examine the contributions made by all departments to this annual financial exercise which provides a snapshot of the UK economy. The provision of comprehensive class lists for 1964 files also gives the opportunity for scholars and students to understand the whole range of classes at the PRO for the post-war period. Macmillan Cabinet Papers, 1957-1963, on CD-ROM (which offers complete coverage of Cabinet Conclusions and Memoranda [CAB 128 & 129] and selected files from Prime Minister's Office files [PREM 11]) dovetails exactly with PROfiles 1964 by offering complete coverage of the Macmillan governments of 1957-1963 together with the first four months of the Douglas-Home government, which is completed here on PROfiles 1964. Hardware requirements: A 486 PC with a CD-ROM drive, VGA graphics and 8MB of RAM. Sterling Price: £975 - US Dollar Price: $1650 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Renaissance Commonplace
Books from The Huntington Library Consultant Editor: Dr William H Sherman, "The commonplace book was one of the
principal means by which the readers, writers, and orators of the
English Renaissance managed a rapidly growing body of textual information;
and one of the principal tools which guided their compositions,
guaranteeing the fullness and order which were the rhetorical ideals
of the day. Sterling Price: £300 - US Dollar Price: $490 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Renaissance Man:
The Reconstructed Libraries of European Scholars, 1450-1700 "When it was catalogued in 1583 Dee's
library was Elizabethan England's largest and - for scientific subjects
at least - most valuable collection of books and manuscripts. ...
The collection was the result of extraordinary commitment and energy
in the preservation, collection, and management of textual information
and as such it is central to an appreciation of both Dee's life
and the period in which he lived. It is not only a monument to Dee's
scholarly interests and achievements; it is one of the greatest
monuments of English Renaissance culture." This project seeks to reassemble the actual books and manuscripts that once formed one of the finest libraries in Renaissance England. John Dee (1527-1609) has been variously portrayed as the great 'Magus' of Elizabethan England; the father of English exploration who taught Raleigh, Drake and Frobisher to navigate; the mathematician who introduced Euclid to the English speaking world; and the learned bibliophile who tried to create a national library of considerable literary significance. Perhaps all are true. What is beyond dispute is that he created a library which can today provide us with important insights into Renaissance culture and the conceptual underpinnings of the drama, poetry, politics and science of the age. It enables us to see the debt owed by the West to the great Arabic thinkers. It enables us to see the relative value placed on English books, compared with Continental publications. It enables us to see the centrality of manuscripts to the overall body of learning. Dee's library (c2,300 printed books and c400 mss) was dispersed during his lifetime. Now, thanks to the publication of John Dee's Library Catalogue by Julian Roberts and Andrew Watson (Bibliographical Society, 1990) large sections can be brought together again. We begin with 63 manuscripts including Dee's Diary for 1577-1601, his Record of experiments, and an annotated ms text of Norton's Ordinall of Alchemy. We commence the reconstruction with a large collection of manuscript material from the Department Of Western Manuscripts, Bodleian Library, Oxford. Bringing together 63 manuscripts in all, Part 1 of this microfilm edition includes medical texts, works on spheres and spirits, saints' lives, commentaries, diaries, many works on alchemy and texts on astronomy (including many by early Islamic scientists), arithmetic, geometry, the art of navigation, optics and theology. Volumes of particular interest include: MS Ashmole 57. Thomas Norton, The ordinal of alchemy. 1577, beautifully written in Dee's italic hand and bound in purple velvet. MS Ashmole487-488 contain the text of Dee's private diary and provide the most complete and reliable information we have of his life and times. Halliwell's 1842 edition of this diary aroused much interest, but has proved to be unreliable and inaccurate. MS Ashmole 1471 contains Geoffrey of Meaux, On the causes of the Black Death; Raymundus de Insula, Physica; R Lull, Ars generalis; Medical synonyms, multiplication tables and versions of Chiromancy and Alchemy. MS Rawlinson D. 241. John Dee, A diary of experiments. Any such list can only hint at the richness of the entire collection which will be of value to both Medieval and Renaissance scholars across many disciplines. There are a total of 13 texts by Roger Bacon, 3 texts of Euclid's Elements, alchemical works of Thomas Norton, George Ripley, Hermes Trismegistus, Ramon Lull and others, works of Arabic science, literary and historical works by Bede, Boethius, Chaucer, Grosseteste and Lydgate and much more besides. Sterling Price: £1560 - US Dollar Price: $2500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Renaissance Man:
The Reconstructed Libraries of European Scholars, 1450-1700 "Dee stood in the middle of the sixteenth
century, at the watershed between magic and science, looking back
at one and forward to the other. Central to all these interests
was a great library, the largest that had ever been built up by
one man in England. Dee's omnivorous reading and the availability
of his library to others fed many of the intellectual streams of
Elizabethan England..." Volumes of particular interest include: Ms 125 A heavily annotated volume concerning alchemy, the occult, and Hermetic Philosophy, featuring Roger Bacon's Speculum Secretorum, and other texts by Galfridus de Vino Salvo, Albertus Magnus, Hermes, Geber, Nicolaus and others. Ms 149 A heavily annotated volume containing the works of Roger Bacon and Aristotle Ms 283 Various works on the astrolabe and astronomy, Euclid's Optica, and texts by Ptolemy, Pseudo-Aristotle, and Gregory the Great. Sterling Price: £1560 - US Dollar Price: $2500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Renaissance Man:
The Reconstructed Libraries of European Scholars, 1450-1700 Renaissance Man: The Reconstructed Libraries of European Scholars, 1450-1700 seeks to bring together the surviving volumes of some of the finest known libraries in Renaissance England. The first series focuses on the great library of John Dee (1527-1608), who has been variously portrayed as a canny controller of a storehouse of knowledge on diverse topics; a mathematical pioneer who introduced the ideas of Euclid to the English speaking world; the father of English exploration who taught Raleigh, Drake and Frobisher to sail; the great Elizabethan Magus; a confidante to European royalty; and a man who talked to angels. Parts 1 and 2 of this project brought together a large quantity of the surviving manuscripts once held in this magnificent library from the holdings of the Bodleian Library, Oxford, and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Part 3, based on the holdings of Cambridge University Library, makes a start on the printed books in Dee's Library, offering 43 volumes of printed books and one further manuscript volume. It should be emphasised that these books are the original volumes that were once held in Dee's library and many bear his annotations and markings. As such, in addition to offering scholars the chance to access one of the great Renaissance libraries, this publication will also provide insights into the reading practices and the way in which Dee and his contemporaries managed knowledge. The copy of Henry de Herph's Theologia mystica, for example, is heavily annotated and shows signs that it has been read closely, while a work of Richard of St Victor contains copious underlinings and notes including Dee's speculations on angels and angelic nature. Authors represented include: Albumazar, Averroes, Roger Bacon, Georgius Benignus, Charles de Bouelles, Demetrius Chalcondylas, Democritus, Diogenes Laertius, Dionysus the Aeropagite, Barbaro Ermolao, Georgius Fabricius, Pomponius Gauricus, Theodorus Gaza, Jacques Gohorry, Felix Hemmerlin, Hermes Trismegistus, Henry de Herph, Elias Levita, Johannes Morsheimus, Amedee Meigret, Albertus de Marchesiis, Augustus Sebastianus Novzenus, Proclus, Pseudo-Albertus, Pseudo-Avicenna, Rasis, Nicolas Saitellius, Cornelius Scapper, Richard of St Victor, Victorinus Strigelius, Johann Tritheim, John of Vienna, and Johannes Voerthusius. Subjects range from astrology and astronomy, through grammar and ethics, to philosophy and theology. There are also many scientific works. As can be seen from this list, Dee's library incorporated many of the major traditions of thought. The influence of the Arabic world can be seen from the texts of Albumazar, the 9th century astronomer; Averroes [Abul Walid Mohammed Ben Ahmed Ibn Roshd], the Muslim doctor, born in Cordova and famed for his works on Aristotle; and commentaries on Ptolemy. The Hebrew traditions are shown in the works of Elias Levita and a number of other Hebraica. The central influence of the Greek philosophy can be seen in the works of Diogenes Laertius, who wrote extensively on Epicurus and Solon; Democritus and Proclus. Neoplatonism is well represented with manuscript texts of de sex rerum principiis, khalid rex et Morienus romanus and Liber gratiae by Hermes Trismegistus, and de mystica theologia by Dionysus the Areopagite. A copy of De secretis naturae by Roger Bacon is also featured, and he was clearly an important influence on Dee's own thought, as well as sharing the common fate of being accused of necromancy. These sources will enable scholars to better understand the Renaissance world view and help to reveal the antecedents and underpinnings of Humanism. October 1999 Sterling Price: £1560 - US Dollar Price: $2500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Renaissance
Man: The Reconstructed Libraries of European Scholars, 1450-1700 This is by far the largest collection of Dee's annotated printed books (161 vols) and also contains a further two manuscripts owned by him. Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Sterling Price: £1560 - US Dollar Price: $2500 Rice Ballard
Papers RICE BALLARD PAPERS By the early 1840s, Ballard had settled down as a planter with several plantations in the Mississippi Valley. He married Louise Berthe around 1840 and made his home in Louisville, Kentucky. The Rice Ballard Papers consist of letters, financial and legal papers, and other material documenting his life as a slave trader and planter from 1822 through to his death in 1860. Letters include several from Henry Clay about court cases involving the legality of the slave trade and one from Mississippi Governor John Anthony Quitman about payment of a debt. Letters, c1820-1834, document the daily operations of the interstate slave trade among Ballard in Richmond, John Armfield in Alexandria, Virginia, and Isaac Franklin in Natchez, Mississippi, and New Orleans, Louisiana. These letters discuss financial, legal, and practical aspects of the trade. They contain instructions on when to buy and sell in Alexandria, discussion of the effect of the price of cotton on the price of slaves, reports of prices, and attitudes of the planters to the traders. In a letter dated 28 February 1831 from New Orleans, Isaac Franklin expresses his anxiety about the future of the trade with the state legislatures of Louisiana and Mississippi debating measures to close the interstate trade. "I will have a petition tomorrow before the house for our relief - should that fail god knows what will be the consequence. I will do the best I can for all concerned & if nothing better can be done I will declare myself a citizen of the state. I am much depressed & if we have to rely entirely on the Mississippi market we have more in this shipment than can be sold to advantage." On 8 December 1832, Isaac Franklin wrote to Ballard from Natchez about a cholera outbreak, and described how they were sneaking dead slaves out of the slave yard at night so potential customers wouldn't know that there had been cholera among them. There are several letters which mention "fancy girls" and the prices they would bring (eg 1 November 1833 from Isaac Franklin); and one mentions the establishment of a whore house (11 January 1834 from James Franklin). Ten volumes supply financial details of Ballard's slave trading activities, 1832-1839, including lists of names and prices of slaves, and notes on auctions and shipments. Records, c1840-1860, document Ballard's administration, in partnership with Judge Samuel S Boyd, of a number of cotton plantations in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi, especially the Karnac, Magnolia, and Outpost plantations. There are many letters from Boyd, from the overseers at these various places, and from Ballard's cotton commission merchants in New Orleans. The overseers' letters report on the progress of planting and picking, the weather, height of the Mississippi river and state of the levees, the health of the slaves, and improvements being made. Other correspondence describes the state of the cotton market, social and general news of New Orleans, slavery, family life, politics (especially the Know-Nothing Party), and financial arrangements. Also included are letters to and from Louise Ballard about her life in Louisville. Other materials in the collection include slave lists (22 in all), medical prescriptions, printed material (such as advertising cards and flyers for steamboats and a cotton gin; a diagram of slave quarters; and Liverpool and St Louis Price Currents), and detailed plantation journals, especially for Magnolia Plantation in Mississippi (15 volumes, 1838-1840, 1843-1856). This is the first time that these records have been published. They should be of great interest to everyone studying the slave trading business, plantation life and economic management in America, 1822-1860. Sterling Price: £1325 - US Dollar Price: $2125 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Russian Journals The Anglo-Russian, 1897-1914 Edited by Jaakoff Prelooker this monthly newspaper covers a crucial period of Russian history. "With its aim I entirely sympathise" writes Jerome K Jerome in a letter published in the first issue of The Anglo-Russian. Its stated aims are set out as follows: To seek to promote more friendly relations and increased commercial intercourse between England and Russia; to throw light upon internal affairs and events in Russia and their bearing on international policy; advocating Civil and Religious Liberty and Universal Peace and Brotherhood; to voice Russian public opinion that is condemned to silence inside the country itself; to support the claims of the people for representative institutions, especially for a Free Press and Free Platform; pointing out the dangers of all ill-calculated attempts at violent revolution; encouraging the study of the English language by Russians, and vice-versa; to stimulate the popularisation of English Literature in Russia, and vice-versa; and to strive in general to assist the realisation of purer and higher ideals. "Our chief aim is to endeavour to remove those misunderstandings which at present divide two such great nations as the English and the Russians into antagonistic camps, suspicious of one another, to the detriment of their mutual interests, and the interests of the world at large. We are firmly convinced that there is no real cause for antagonism - that the natural conditions under which both nations exist and labour are such as to make them natural allies. Each could supply the wants of the other - Russia with the inexhaustible wealth of her natural resources, England with the abundance of her industries and manufactures". Prominent subjects featured are Anglo-Russian Commerce, Russian Societies in England, Financial Policy in Russia, Russian Music, Stundist Documents, Famine Distress in Russia, Agriculture, English and French trade competition in Russia, Russian Women at Work, trade with Finland and Religious issues. Free Russia, 1890-1915 This journal is the organ of the English "Society of Friends of Russian Freedom". The society included Arthur H Dyke Acland MP, the Rt Hon J G Shaw Lefevre MP, Joshua Rowntree MP, Edward R Pease and Dr Robert Spence Watson amongst its members. There is much discussion of the contributions of George Kennan, a leading British political advocate of the Russian cause. Other major subjects included in this journal are the Yakutsk Massacre, University Disturbances, the Jews in Russia, Russian Internal Policy, Count Tolstoi's Reforms, Russian Anarchists, the Movement in America to Support Russian Freedom, Events in Finland and the Revolution of 1905. The first issue claims "the publication in English in the Capital of the English speaking race of a paper, intended to forward the cause of freedom in Russia, is a new departure in journalism". It continues "As Russians, we cannot regard the ill-treatment of political offenders by the Russian Government as our greatest grievance. The wrongs inflicted upon the millions of peasantry, the stifling of the spiritual life of our whole gifted race, the corruption of public morals, created by wanton despotism, - these are the great crimes of our Government against Russia, urging her faithful children to rebellion". Sterling Price: £300 - US Dollar Price: $490 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Sex & Sexuality,
1640-1940 "A well chosen and wide-ranging collection
that will make major texts more widely available for the first time,
Sex & Sexuality will help to restore the subject to its rightful
place in research and teaching." This series sets out to provide the raw
material for the dialogue already started by Roy Porter and Lesley
Hall in The Facts of Life: The Creation of Sexual Knowledge in Britain,
1650-1950. These discourses of sexuality are now made available, enabling an exploration of the sexual mores, practices and beliefs of earlier ages. Through these texts we can understand how perceptions of the body have changed over time, and how attitudes towards sex have influenced broader gender issues. Part 1 focuses on 17th, 18th and 19th century texts which are not likely to be available in most libraries. There is no overlap with our Women Advising Women, Women and Victorian Values or Masculinity series. 61 texts have been chosen from the resources of the Library of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine in London, and the Bodleian Library, Oxford. In many cases, the border line between teaching and titillating is finely delineated. A text that crosses this frontier is the pseudo-Aristotelian Aristotle's Masterpiece, which was intended as a sexual primer for married people. So popular was this anonymous work, that it went into 200 editions from its first appearance in 1684. Undaunted by wrong or misleading information, Aristotle's Masterpiece persisted in being a compendium of medical misinformation and a sexological anachronism. Such advice included one ill-advised method of avoiding pregnancy by having sex as often as possible except on the dangerous days. An example of this skewed logic is the observation that whores do not often conceive. The "reason" is that grass is unlikely to grow on a path that is well trodden. Two editions are presented here. Other important early texts included in Part 1 are Ferrand's Erotomania, or a Treatise discoursing the Essence, Causes ... and Cure of Love, or Erotique Melancholy (1640); John Marten's Gonosologium Novum: Or, a New System of all the Secret Infirmities and Diseases, Natural, Accidental, and Venereal in Men and Women ... with a further warning against Quacks (1709); Nicolas de Venette's The Mysteries of Conjugal Love Reveal'd (1712); and Daniel Defoe's Conjugal Lewdness (1727), a long treatise on love, sex and marriage - the central themes of Moll Flanders, Colonel Jacque and Roxana. Fears that the relationship between reproduction and sexual behaviour was being distorted were central to the anxieties that fuelled the campaign against masturbation. This was compounded by the fact that the history of anti-masturbation tracts has been riddled with misinformation. Onania or, the Heinous Sin of Self-Pollution (1710) believed by Peter Wagner to have been written by Balthazar Beckers (or Bekkers) makes a misguided connection between masturbation and venereal disease. Even the title is ill-informed since the Biblical Onan is concerned with coitus interruptus and not masturbation. Of all the afflictions said to be caused by masturbation, the most drastic must be the claim made in a supplement to Onania that "self-pollution" can cause even nuns to change sex. Both the original work and the supplement are included here, as well as a rejoinder by Philo-Castiatis entitled Onania Examined (1724). Dr Tissot also draws attention to the dire
consequences of masturbation for both sexes in his A New Guide to
Health and Long Life, or Advice to families: being a treatise upon
the disorders produced by the dangerous effects of secret and excessive
venery among youths of both sexes (1808). J D T de Bienville signals
masturbation as a prelude to nymphomania and hysteria and recommends
as a deterrent such drastic measures as blood-letting, purging and
in extreme cases, a strait-jacket. A figure of erotic fantasy, who later became Lady Hamilton, the paramour of Lord Nelson, was the scantily clad eponymous personification of Dr James Graham's Guardian goddess of health (1782). Described by Roy Porter as a "Vaudeville medical messiah" and "exhibitionist impresario, dramatising himself as a magus, a Prospero" and "Promethean enlightened despot of the body natural", Graham was most notorious for his Temple of Love, or of Health and Hymen. Its conjugal altar was a celestial bed through which were passed electrical currents in order to give couples "superior ecstasy" and to increase fertility for those when "powerfully agitated in the delights of love". All of this was for a nightly fee of £50. Five of Graham's tracts are reproduced here including Il Convito Amoroso (1782), which contains a description of the "celebrated celestial bed". Other guides to the erotic sciences included in Part 1 are Meibomius's A Treatise of the Use of Flogging in Venereal Affairs (1718), which draws on the belief that "there are Persons who are stimulated to Venery by Strokes of Rods, and worked up into a Flame of Lust by Blows, and that the Part, which distinguishes us to be Men, should be raised by the Charm of invigorating Lashes." Edmund Curll, who was the translator, added a Treatise of Hermaphrodites to an English translation in 1718, for which he was prosecuted. He defended himself against accusations of obscenity by insisting "the fault is not in the Subject Matter, but the Inclination of the Reader, that makes these Pieces offensive". Attempts to demystify sex and to provide help with problems related to it are found in medical texts such as: Douglas' The Nature and Causes of Impotence in men, Barrenness in women, Explained (1758); Solomon's Guide to Health (1800); Acton's A complete practical treatise on venereal diseases (1841) and The Functions and disorders of the reproductive organs (1857); La'mert's Self Preservation (1852); Allbutt's The Wife's Handbook (1886); and Robert Bell's Women in Health and Sickness (1889) and Sterility (1896). Contrasting moral and sociological perspectives on sex, love, marriage and relationships can be seen in works including: Moral and Instructive Tales for the Improvement of Young Ladies (1790); Beddoes' Hygeia (1802); Madame Gamand's The Phalantery (1841); Dinah Mulock's A Woman's Thoughts About Women (1858); Lovett's Chartist Social and Political Morality (1853); Drysdal's Elements of Social Science or Physical, Sexual and Natural Religion (1861); Ritchie's The Night Side of London (1870); Darwin's The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871); Beale's Our Morality and the Moral Question (1887); Lyttelton's The Causes and Prevention of Immorality in Schools (1887); Knowlton's Fruits of Philosophy: An Essay on the Population Question (1888); Geddes & Thomson's The Evolution of Sex (1889); Richard von Krafft-Ebbing's Psychopathia Sexualis ... A Medico-Forensic Study (1892); and Edward Carpenter's Love's Coming of Age (1896) and The Intermediate Sex (1908). All are featured in this first part. For the Victorians a principal concern was the social and moral consequences of prostitution and disease. William Acton's classic Prostitution considered in its moral, social and sanitary aspects in London and in other large cities (1857) is included, as well as: Ryan's Prostitution in London, with a comparative view of that of Paris and New York (1839); Miller's Prostitution considered in relation to its cause and cure (1859); Chapman's Prostitution, governmental experiments in controlling it (1870); Lowndes' Prostitution and venereal diseases in Liverpool (1886); and Prostitution in Europe (1914). There are also a number of pamphlets published by the Society for the Suppression of Vice and the Society for the Rescue of Young Women and Children. As the developments described above reveal, the collections of writings included here are not just a potpourri of sex and sexuality. They are an index to what Michel Foucault terms "sexualities". By opening up a subject that has remained largely inaccessible, this series makes available many writings that have been restricted to specialist libraries and obscure archives. Many of these texts have been subject to taboo, censorship, prejudice and condemnation and have been relegated to the periphery. This series will enhance our understanding of the sexual enlightenment and its aftermath and the way in which individuals have negotiated their sexual practices and beliefs throughout the course of history. Sterling Price: £300 - US Dollar Price: $490 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Slave Trade Journals
and Papers Part 1: The Humphrey Morice Papers from the Bank of England "The Morice Papers offer not only details
of the career of perhaps the foremost London slave trader of his
generation, but also fascinating evidence on day-to-day dealings
in enslaved Africans on the African coast in the early eighteenth
century. As such, they are an indispensable source for scholars
of the transatlantic slave trade and the African diaspora." In the ten years between 1721 and 1730 the British carried around 100,000 slaves from Africa to the Americas. In this period, the majority of the ships sailed to Africa from London which sent an average of around fifty-six ships a year, while Bristol sent thirty-four ships and Liverpool eleven. Humphrey Morice, who was to serve as Governor of the Bank of England, 1727-1729, set up business in London in 1700 and traded extensively with Africa, North America, Holland and Russia. By 1720, he was one of the main slave merchants of London, owning eight slave ships and exporting from London metal, pewter, brass, swords, guns, beads and textiles and often loading a second cargo of goods in Rotterdam of gunpowder and spirits. He sometimes preferred to sell the slaves he bought on the Gold Coast to the Portuguese in Africa, but he also sent them to Virginia, Maryland, Jamaica and Barbados. The Papers of Humphrey Morice afford the researcher a wealth of detail for the history of slavery during a period when London was the focus of the slave trade. They are particularly valuable for the evidence that they provide concerning the trade on the African coast with European slave traders and with Africans. The Slave Journals cover the period from 1721 to 1730 and are all in excellent condition. They contain the orders and instructions to the captains of Morice's slaving ships for the purchase and disposal of the slaves together with lists of goods to be exchanged. The slaves bought are listed by age and
divided into Man, Woman, Boy and Girl. Prices are given, In the same journal is a list of the goods which were "to be disposed of in exchange for negroes". They include "Tobacco, guns, Sringe, corrall, Amber, Pipes, gunpowder, spirits and beans". In the journal of March 1725 he tells Captain Edmund Weedon of the Anne: "I am in hopes you will be able to purchase upwards of Two hundred Negroes, besides Gold, Elephants Teeth and Bees Wax...." His concern for the welfare of the slaves is shown in the instructions of March 1730 to Captain Jeremiah Pearce of the Judith: "Be carefull of and kind to your Negroes and let them be well used by your Officers and Seamen...." He does however also instruct the same Captain "You must be mindful to have your Negroes shaved and made Clean to look well at every Island you touch at and to strike a good Impression on the Buyers...." Two additional Journals of Humphrey Morice cover the years 1708-1710 and give details of money paid and received from his business transactions with North America, Jamaica, Barbados, Africa, Brazil and Guinea. His Letter Book of 1703 contains business letters for that year. Also included are five volumes of Trading Accounts and Personal Papers, three volumes of miscellaneous letters and one volume of Documents relating to British Trade with Africa, America and the West Indies. The papers contain letters from the captains
of the slave ships giving accounts of voyages; letters to captains
with orders for the purchase of cargo and slaves and lists of goods
sold with details on slaves; information on Morice's business accounts
and private papers. Sterling Price: £300 - US Dollar Price: $490 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page A Socio-Economic
Survey of Land-Use & The Agricultural Economy This CD-ROM project concentrates on Land Use. It combines all the data extracted from the 1836 National Tithe Survey Report Forms with an Index to additional information and documentary evidence held in the Tithe Files at the Public Record Office in PRO Class IR18. The result is a comprehensive database, with 14,825 records and over 220 inter-searchable fields, within a user-friendly MS Windows environment. This CD-ROM is designed both for teaching and as a powerful research tool for social and economic historians, geographers and agricultural economists of all levels. What does this CD-ROM offer ? A powerful search mechanism combined with calculative functions (eg: ratio and standard deviation) and a versatile graphing capability, with a wide range of pie and bar charts for use with search results. A user-friendly MS Windows environment, with drop-down menus, mouse-click function keys, mouse- over help/status bars and hypertextual links, making the database attractive to undergraduates, using the data for long essays and project work, and to experienced researchers, making extensive study less strenuous. The complete dataset, or user's search results can be freely downloaded/exported so that scholars can adapt the data to their own preferred software. Over 600 maps illustrating county and tithe district boundaries, land use, crop yields and topography which can be exported and printed. A Subject Index indicating evidence of significant local and regional variations and characteristics such as local tithe customs and practices, transport and marketing, climate and soil conditions, agricultural changes and farm management, topography and crop rotation. Over 185 subject index fields in the database enable researchers to identify relevant tithe files to consult at the Public Record Office. All report entries and tithe districts have been included for the sake of completeness, even when available data is limited. Each record has a field indicating the completeness of data to help researchers achieve a level playing field for comparative surveys and searches. The data is of particular importance because it was gathered in a period of great technical improvements in farm implements and machinery, changes in patterns of crop rotation, upgrading of livestock and wider use of fertilisers - but prior to the Victorian expansion of urban areas. The data is ideal for use in conjunction with other historical and statistical data sources such as early Ordnance Survey maps , census returns, land tax assessments, local estate records, farmers diaries, Royal Agricultural Society prize essays, and comparable international sources (eg: the ancien cadastre of France, the Irish Townland Survey, and the Original Land Survey for America) for detailed local pictures, international comparisons or evidence of changing trends. A vast range of complex search questions, combining location, quantitative and reference index criteria, can be carried out with ease - for example: "Calculate the average percentage of total area occupied by grassland for all places in Kent where reports were completed and soils are described as heavy. Repeat for light soils and for other counties. Display results, with mean and standard deviation, as a line graph." [See paperback guide (48pp): especially pp33-48: the Tutorial section on "How to use the CD-ROM" for more details]. Accompanying paperback guide (48pp) and paperback map booklet (32pp) with examples of all the different maps to be found on the CD-ROM. There are over 600 maps on the CD-ROM held as bmp files (at 300 dpi). Over 90% of these maps may be printed from the CD-ROM and exported as image files. Historical Background to the 1836 National Tithe Survey Between 1815 and 1837, Britain underwent rapid economic, social, scientific and intellectual change. Large sections of the populace, from all social classes, took part in marches, demonstrations, pamphleteering and petitioning. The Age of Reform, with its flagship Great Reform Bill of 1832, swept through every institution. The wealthy clergy of the Establishment, seen as corrupt abusers of privilege, became a popular target for Whig and Radical alike. Dean Church wrote disparagingly of "country gentlemen in orders, who rode to hounds, and shot and danced and farmed", and "pluralists who built fortunes and endowed families out of the Church." The Radical Press caricatured them as "plump red-faced eaters of tithes." This unpopularity came to a dramatic climax in 1831 when the Spiritual Peers in the House of Lords voted by 21 to 2 against the Reform Bill. Bishops' palaces were put to the torch and their coaches stoned. At the time Dr Arnold of Rugby wrote: "The Church as it now is, no human power can save." The threatened revolt was circumvented by the combined effects of Parliamentary reform without and religious revival within. The New Oxford Movement protested against State interference in church revenues but the Ecclesiastical Commission prompted the Acts of Parliament between 1836 and 1840 which sought to curb the most unpopular excesses of plurality, abuse of endowments, inequalities in ecclesiastical revenues and tithes in kind. Since its inception, the tithe system, abused by oppressive claims of tithe owners and flagrant evasions by tithe payers, had been a source of friction and resentment to the whole agricultural community. Traditionally farmers were required to give a proportion, usually about a tenth, of the gross annual produce of their land for the support of the Church. It had engendered the popular harvest song... "We've cheated the parson, we'll cheat
him again Moreover, by the end of the eighteenth century, an increasing proportion of the nation's wealth was generated by industries and other enterprises which had no obligation to pay tithe. Furthermore, those farmers who invested in expensive agricultural improvements to produce more crops and livestock had to pay more tithe than their less enterprising neighbours. The Church was a sleeping partner in these capital improvements, took none of the risks yet still received its tenth of the profits. The Tithe Commutation Act of 1836 commuted tithe to a fluctuating money payment (tithe rent-charge) based on an average of the actual value of tithes paid in each parish or township over the previous five years. This sum was then apportioned among the properties of each district according to the land use of each field or farm. Enquiries were conducted under the Act in 14,825 separate tithe districts (usually a parish in southern England and a township in the north) which revealed that some tithe remained to be commuted in more than 12,000 tithe districts in England and Wales. In some 11,800 districts commutation was effected by map and schedule of apportionment. Together these constitute what is commonly known as the "parish tithe survey". The Act led to the largest national survey of land use, ownership and occupation since the Domesday survey of 1086. Detailed assessments were carried out on a tithe district by tithe district basis, providing a wealth of data on acreages, type of agriculture, production, yields and additional information concerning, for instance, livestock, soil types, climate and crop rotation. The value of tithe surveys as sources of information for historical enquiries has been long appreciated; tithe survey evidence was used by agricultural commentators from the time of their compilation and it has been employed in many hundreds of modern historical studies of land use, field systems, farming practices, land ownership and tenure. "There can be no doubt that their comprehensiveness,
opportune timing, and extensive coverage of the country earn the
tithe surveys pride of place amongst nineteenth century manuscript
sources. After the great Domesday Book of the eleventh century,
they represent the most detailed and important national inventory
to be taken before our own time." "There can be few societies, either
past or present, in which land is not perceived as a central asset.
The extent of power - social, economic or political - can rest on
the ownership or control of access to land, whilst the organisation
and utilisation of land will have a direct bearing on the ability
to feed the population, who are ultimately dependent on the land,
as well as facilitating individuals to work in occupations other
than those directly concerned with the production of food. For these
reasons, any survey relating to the control and use of land is of
immense value. The timing of the tithe surveys of mid-nineteenth
century England and Wales - coinciding with the point of transition
from a rural dominated to an urban dominated society - makes this
source doubly important to the historian. Moreover, due to the fundamental
nature of this source, it is appropriate for a wide range of historical
research and teaching, from the school classroom to the university
lecture theatre, providing a starting point for many topics relating
to the nineteenth century."
"The tithe surveys of the early Victorian Age, after the great Domesday Book of the eleventh century, represent the most detailed and important national inventory of land use and farming to be taken before our own times. While tithe surveys have been used in a great number of local studies, the Atlas and Index of the Tithe Files of Mid-Nineteenth Century England and Wales (Cambridge University Press, 1986) on which this CD-ROM is based, was the first reconstruction deriving a national picture from their data. It was a happy coincidence that this book was published in the year which celebrated both the 900th anniversary of the Domesday Book and the 150th anniversary of the Tithe Commutation Act which bequeathed the tithe surveys of England and Wales. In The Tithe Surveys of England and Wales (Cambridge University Press, 1985), Hugh Prince and I set out to provide an up-to-date guide and work of reference for users of tithe surveys. That book was also conceived as a general introduction to the detailed material which forms the basis of this present work. It is hoped that together these studies will lead to a broader understanding and deeper appreciation of the nation's rural landscapes and agriculture in the middle years of the nineteenth century. The specific objects of this CD-ROM publication are twofold. First, it contains a transcription in database format of the great wealth of quantitative data on mid-nineteenth century landscapes and farming to be found in the tithe files. The database contains all the data transcribed for the Atlas and Index of the Tithe Files project which until now has been available only as computer files from the Economic and Social Research Council Data Archive at the University of Essex. These files have been reformatted to enable a range of searches and computations to be undertaken using prepared routines described in the on-disc tutorial. It is also possible to print sections of the database and to export selected parts to users' own computer programs. Secondly, this work endeavours to reveal some of the richness and variety of the written evidence contained in the whole body of 14,825 tithe files by providing rapid access, on-disc indexes of the contents of each tithe files. This part of the database can be interrogated either by subject (some 189 headings) or by specified places, particular counties, regions or, indeed, the whole nation. The indexing facility is supported by county-by-county summary texts in which themes commonly encountered in the tithe file papers of each county are described and some flavour of their authors' attitudes is provided by selected quotations. The index and texts are intended as a research tool to draw attention to topics discussed in tithe files and to assist users to exploit both the quantitative and qualitative material which the 14,825 tithe files contain. This CD-ROM represents the principal fruits of a research project financed by the Economic and Social Research Council whose support over a period of more than four years is gratefully acknowledged. Financial help for this work has also been provided by the Leverhulme Trust and the University of Exeter. The assistance of three of my Exeter colleagues is gratefully acknowledged. Harriet Holt helped search the tithe files and extracted information on the nature of tithes and the making of tithe surveys, transcribed statistical data from the files, and listed topics discussed in their papers. I am extremely grateful for the careful way in which she undertook all these tasks. Rodney Fry compiled all the reference and base maps and John Buckett wrote project-specific computer programs. I am grateful to Richard Fisher and the Syndics of Cambridge University Press for permission to base the text of this work on that of An Atlas and Index of the Tithe Files and to reproduce figures and tables from that book. I am also grateful to Karen Melville of publishers Adam Matthew Publications who has made invaluable contributions to the preparation and testing of the CD-ROM publication, to publishers David Tyler and Bill Pidduck for their work on this project, and to Kay Tyler for her considerable efforts in proofing all textual material for this publication". Professor Roger J P Kain, Sterling Price: £975 - US Dollar Price: $1650 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Soviet War Posters,
c1940-1945 "An important visual contribution,
graphic, colourful and imaginative, this microfiche edition provides
a most useful insight into economic and social conditions in the
war years." "The TASS Window posters were significant
as they were produced from stencils so that they could quickly respond
to the news of the moment as compared to the printed poster. Dozens
of prominent Soviet painters, artists, cartoonists, writers and
poets participated in this work which imitated the ROSTA posters
of the Civil War period. They were produced in very limited editions
of a maximum of 1500. The current edition is the largest number
of TASS Windows to be published in a single collection and includes
items of which there is no record even in the Lenin Library catalogue
of TASS Windows." Visually stunning and extremely scarce, the complete Nottingham University Collection of 129 hand-painted TASS Windows are published in this microform edition for the first time, together with a further 37 printed posters from the same period. As Dr Spring has commented, this is the largest number of TASS Windows ever to be published in a single collection. Only 10 have been published before and 16 items do not appear in the Lenin Library Catalogue. Many of the Posters are extremely large (often as big as 2m by 1.3m) and in need of preservation. Originally produced by stencils in short runs of about 600 copies each the posters combined graphic power with didactic text to convey the political messages of those in power. As a result of their size and their public propaganda use, it is inevitable that many of the posters displayed were destroyed. The large Nottingham University Library Collection was saved as a result of the far-sighted collecting interests of Professor Vivian de Sola Pinto who gathered them together for preservation at the end of the Second World War. The Posters combine artistic, literary, historical and political interest and will encourage inter-disciplinary research. They are a prime resource for Soviet Studies. The Posters illuminate social and political conditions and cover many significant themes such as: The Role of Women The collection illustrates the themes and tone of the Soviet propaganda effort from the turning point of the war at Stalingrad to the final victory in Berlin. Amongst distinctive features are the appeal to Russian patriotism and the historical tradition of repelling Napoleon and other invaders; the effort to maintain the war effort and commitment as the war passed from Soviet territory into Eastern Europe in 1944; the positive image of the western allies and their military campaigns; vengeance for Nazi atrocities; apprehensions about neutral countries protecting fleeing Nazis; the heroic efforts of the Soviet armies; and the dependable, fatherly image of Stalin. It is interesting to note how swiftly run the tides of change. Zhukov is praised exuberantly immediately before his fall from grace in 1946 and British and American forces are constantly depicted as heroes before their post-war transition to enemies of the people. The visual image was all important because the majority of the Russian people were still illiterate or only semi-literate at the end of the War. As a result, the finest artists, cartoonists and writers were brought together to create this unique art form, designed to impassion the people and encourage them to make sacrifices for the good of their country. Each poster was created within 24 hours, allowing the government to respond quickly to current events - similar to the use of modern newscasts. Leading artists represented include F V Antonov, Mikhail Cheremnykh, N F Denisovsky, Viktor Deny, Viktor Ivanov, Boris Karetsky, the Kukryniksy cartoonists, V V Lebedev, P M Shukmin, P P Sokolov-Skalya, M M Solov'ev and Irakly Toidze. Leading authors represented include Demyan Bedny - the proletarian poet, V I Lebedev-Kumach, Samuel Marshak, and Vladimir Mayakarsky. The size and condition of the posters urged the case for a preservation copy to be made, but also created difficulties for microfilming which we have tried to overcome. Whilst fiche were thought to be easier for many scholars and students to use, the increased frame size of 35mm microfilm offered greater image resolution. Whilst colour microfilm offered the prospect of capturing the bright colours that are so much a part of the overall impact of the originals, it was recognised that the expected archival life of colour microfilm is only 20-50 years, whereas the expected archival life of polyester-based black and white film is 400-500 years (the expected archival life of optical disks is only 2-10 years). As such, it was decided that we would create a high-quality, polyester-based, 35mm silver-halide, black and white microfilm of all of the posters, as well as complete colour microfilm and black and white microfiche versions. All three are provided to purchasers of the collection together with the detailed guide to the posters project. Introduction by Dr Derek W Spring Soviet Posters from the Great Patriotic War, 1941-5 Soviet Poster Art The heyday of the Soviet political poster was during the Civil War of 1918-21. As Stephen White shows in The Bolshevik Poster it was influenced by the popular lubok [woodcut], by icon painting, and the satirical cartoons of the early 20th century. But the remarkable flourishing and vitality of poster art after 1917 owed much to the originality and commitment of a small number of artists, notably Alexander Aspit, Dmitri Moor, Viktor Deni, El Lissitsky, Mikhail Cheremnykh and the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky. It reached its apogee aesthetically and in the power of its messages in the years of uncertainty and crisis of the Civil War of 1918-21. Its directness appealed to the black and white issues of that struggle, with the Bolsheviks' claim to be able to build a bright future for simple people. In a country where the majority of the population was still illiterate, the Bolsheviks were aware of the importance of the visual message in all its forms. Hence the efforts put into the agitation trains and steamers as well as the enrolling of sympathetic artists to their cause. In the 1920s with the direct military struggle won, with the difficulty of dramatising the more complex issues the country faced and with the growing control of individual artistic initiative, Soviet poster art also declined. Soviet Papers in the Great Patriotic War From June 1941 for two years the Soviet people found themselves in a situation as desperate as that of the Civil War and one in which once again their black and white propaganda, their claim of the high moral ground, was able to be projected convincingly by all the media because it could be seen to have a degree of validity: the peaceful country had been perfidiously attacked by an aggressive power with enormous claims on it, with a contemptuous attitude towards the Slave peoples and led by a crazed dictator and his gang. This accounts for the renewed power and authenticity of Soviet poster art particularly in the first years of the war: at this time 'Life itself so surpassed all fantasies, that the closer the artist was to it, the deeper he was able to penetrate into the genuine romance of its heroism; the beauty of the exploit was in itself so great that it did not require further decoration or exaggeration. Several of the prominent posters artists of the Civil War were still active. Mikhail Cheremnykh, initiator of the ROSTA Windows in the Civil War, as well as Victor Deni and Dmitri Moor continued to make contributions to poster art in this period. But also new figures had come forward: Irakli Toidze, V S Ivanov, A A Kokorekin, B V Koretsky and others. The already well-known Kukryniksy trio of cartoonists (Mikhail Kupriyanov, Porfiry Krylov and Nikolai Sokolov) discussed an idea for a poster already on the afternoon following the German attack on 22 June. On the following day they appeared at the offices of Pravda in which much of their work had appeared for instructions on what should be the character of their art now, as Fascism had already been exposed in the 1930s. Their famous poster 'We will mercilessly destroy...' appeared on the streets of Moscow already on 24 June. It showed a caricatured Hitler with a revolver, his head breaking through the torn Soviet-German non-aggression treaty of 1939, only to be confronted with a determined looking Red Army soldier whose rifle bayonet pierces his head. The printing as opposed to the stencilling of posters was concentrated at the State Printing Works 'Iskusstvo' [Art] in Leningrad and Moscow. Amongst the most famous and striking of the printed posters was the heroic 'The Motherland Calls' of I M Toidze. Only a week after the beginning of the war it appeared covering a whole façade of a building close to the Post Office in Gorky Street in Moscow. A fiery-eyed, determined looking elderly mother in a shawl, the simplicity of her dress enabling the vast majority to identify with her, calls insistently to the observer. Behind her are the bayonets of the Red Army rifles and she holds in her hand the oath of loyalty of the Red Armu soldier, the text clearly visable. Toidze conceived his idea already on the first day of the war. It was enormously successful and was printed in millions of copies and in all the main languages of the country. Dmitri Moor exploited his famous 'Have you joined the Volunteers?' poster of 1919 with 'How have you helped the Front?' in 1941, appealing to the Home Front. B V Koretsky's 'Red Army soldier, Save us!' first appeared on 5 August 1942 when the Red Army was still retreating across the southern steppes and the outcome of the war remained very uncertain. A young mother with a child in her arms and hate in her eyes fills the whole poster, as a rifle bayonet dripping blood threatens them. The caption in red appears as if written in the blood dripping from the bayonet. This was one of the many posters at this period emphasising the sufferings of ordinary Soviet civilians in the war. In 1943 the tragic theme began to give way to the joyful as the tide of the war began to turn and Soviet victories could regularly be celebrated as towns and regions were liberated from the enemy. But increasingly the messages lost their urgency as the outcome of the battle of Stalingrad (2 February 1943) and the battle of Kursk (July 1943) became clear and the Red Army once again approached its own frontiers. As a Soviet authority summarised the character of the political poster at this time: 'The joy at the liberation of their native lands was combined with a growing thirst for revenge... On the one hand this brought with it the further development of the theme of the sufferings of peaceful Soviet people in the political poster, and on the other, it brought to the theme of liberation not only feelings of joy, but also bitterness at what they had gone through and a passionate appeal for vengeance'. In 1944 the context changed further as the war was fought through on to German territory. 'In the images of the poster of this period', writes Demosfenova, 'together with a consciousness of the whole horror of fascism and a thirst for revenge, the joy and exhaustion of victory, we see the appearance of a new characteristic: a feeling of pride and consciousness of having carried out a great historical service for humanity. But the agitation message was more difficult to convey as the war came to an end and energies needed to begin to be directed towards reconstruction rather than saving the motherland from the invading enemy. The propagandist's task was also complicated by the need to maintain the momentum of the war effort even after the country was cleared of the enemy, in order to achieve his complete defeat. The Red Army soldier passing into the East European countries was able to make comparisons with his own life and experience which in the propagandists' view required greater vigilance to combat 'erroneous' ideas and conclusions. Similarly a substantial part of the Soviet population had been living under German control for a lengthy period of occupation and Party authorities were apprehensive about the conclusions they may have drawn. The populations of the reincorporated western Ukraine and western Belorussia had only previously lived under Soviet rule and influences for less than two years. And the Baltic states, Bessarabia and Bukovina had been annexed only a year before the German invasion of June 1941. These areas would require special attention, not least in the field of propaganda. In 1944 brighter emotional posters called for liberation of the peoples of Europe from Nazism, and for reconstruction. By the end of 1944 the chief theme had already become the forthcoming victory. But while the horrors of the Nazi regime were evident, the emphasis on the external enemy and his possible continued survival in hiding helped to distract attention from a cooler analysis of the Soviet war experience, as Stalin dashed hopes of an internal relaxation as the war came to an end. It is to the context of these last three years of the war that the posters published in this collection belong. The TASS Windows The major role in Soviet poster art in the war was played by the TASS Windows and they form the largest part of the collection published here. They were large, brightly coloured, hand-painted posters, stencilled and produced in runs of up to 1000 copies. They usually were accompanied by a didactic text or often quite lengthy poem. They were the direct descendants of the comparable ROSTA Windows of the Civil War period, so-called because they were displayed in the empty shop-windows of that period. Like ROSTA, TASS was the official Soviet telegraphic agency of the day, and the purpose of the association of this propaganda effort with the agency was both to provide a continuing visual chronicle of the war and to respond immediately, often within hours to the latest telegrams of TASS. M M Chermnykh, who had initiated the ROSTA Windows, also took the lead in the 1941 project. On 24 June the organisational committee of the Union of Soviet Artists established the TASS Window collective and the first poster appeared already on 27 June 1941. The Windows were numbered through to no. 1485 in June 1945. About 1250 were made in the original manner with stencils during the war itself. For several months at the turn of 1941-2 they were published with dates rather than numbers both in Moscow and in Kuibyshev to which part of the team had been evacuated. It is therefore difficult to be sure that the complete series has been located. Some of the first Windows were only produced in a single copy. Until the end of December 1941 none was produced in more than 120 copies. This was soon increased to 300 to 600 copies by the end of 1942 and sometimes to over 1000 copies in 1943-5. Posters similar to the TASS Windows amounting to 'an artistic movement' according to one of the leading artists, N F Denisovsky were also printed in Leningrad, Kuibyshev, Gorky, Perm, Kirov, Kazan, Cheboksar, Tula, Penza, Saratov, Sverdlovsk, Murmansk, Tomsk, Chita, Biisk, Khabarovsk, Tashkent, Baku, Tbilisi, Frunze, Ashkhabad and other towns, though little research has been done to trace them. In Frunze, capital of the Kirgiz republic, the style of the posters was adapted to use local motifs. They were widely made known as significant artistic contributions to the war effort though laudatory articles in the press. President Kalinin visited the TASS Window collective on 19 December 1941 at the height of the battle for Moscow urging artists to take up poster work and made his oft-quoted remark that 'just as historians of the October Revolution have not passed over the ROSTA Windows, so historians of the Patriotic War will not forget the TASS Windows...' The Windows were distributed to the front, to army units, factories and collective farms and there were even reports of them appearing mysteriously in occupied towns such as Vitebsk, Voronezh and Kharkov. A report during the war on a partisan's experience specifically mentions the value of a TASS Window amongst his equipment. The limited number of copies of each TASS Window might suggest a rather limited impact particularly for the many early single copy posters. Even the 1000 copies at full production would have been quickly exhausted in the vast country. However, apart from the imitations of the Moscow productions in other towns; many of the TASS Windows which had a message of more than transitory importance were subsequently properly printed in several tens of thousands copies. Also nearly 75000 copies of TASS Windows were reproduced in the film cassette series Posledniye izvestiya [The Latest News] and from March 1943 on slide films with reproductions of 40-50 TASS Windows on each reel. Nearly 26000 silk screen [shelkografiki] posters were made and over a million lithographic reduced size copies were made by the TASS collective from the beginning of 1942. The rate of production of new posters was however uneven. In the first year of the war over 500 different TASS Windows were produced, but the second 500 took nearly 2 years to complete. Number 1000 was dated 6 June 1944. N G Palgunov, the director of TASS from June 1943, compares the impact of the TASS Windows on morale during the war with Shostakovich's 7th Symphony or with the popular song Holy War. The newspaper Trud in an article on the TASS Windows in June 1943 proclaimed that they 'in essence reflect the history of our country in the years of the Great Patriotic War... They addressed themselves to the most noble sentiments of the Soviet people, to their patriotism...' The posters were also made known abroad. Copies and sometimes whole exhibitions were sent to Britain, the United States, China, Australia and several other countries. In a few cases they were translated for war propaganda in those countries. Exhibitions were mounted in the East European countries later in the war as the Red Army occupied them. The Moscow ROSTA collective of the Civil War years had produced about 1600 'Satire Windows' between September 1919 and 1922. Outside Moscow the Odessa and Petrograd branches probably produced over 1000 each. The volume of production was therefore no less over a comparable period, at least in the case of Moscow, than the TASS Windows 20 years later. Like the TASS collective, ROSTA had been able to react to the latest telegrams within a few hours. The TASS Windows however never reached the 200 different Windows produced by the ROSTA collective in the exceptional month of October 1920. But ROSTA Windows could be reproduced only in 40-50 copies, whereas TASS Windows reached 1000-1200 copies at their peak and were also distributed in other forms. The TASS Windows poetic texts were directed at a more literate society in the 1940s, though their impact was inevitably more on the urban than the rural population. The ROSTA Windows were mainly satirical. The TASS Windows were both satirical and increasingly heroic, although according to a substantial Soviet analysis, 'it was precisely as satire that the TASS Windows played their most telling word' and because of the limitations of the stencilling method, the heroic figure was most fully achieved rather in the printed poster. The theme and the text of each TASS Window were agreed with the leader of the collective, and ultimately with the agreement of TASS. TASS was the official news agency for dissemination of Soviet news abroad and for reception of news from abroad and consequently was strictly controlled by the Party. Most posters were completed and reproduced within 24 hours, the team working in three shifts. After the artist had completed the drawing and painting of the illustration, the poster was cut up into sections and stencils were cut out appropriate to each colour used in the composition. The most elaborate posters used up to 60 stencils. The stencils were then passed to the copy room where each section was copied on a lithographic machine in waterproof oil colours, initially in very few copies but eventually in up to 1000 copies. When all the colours had been applied to each stencilled section, they had to be glued together to make the completed poster and the text was added in a separate operation. Why was this method used rather than straight printing? Firstly the experience with the famous ROSTA Windows was influential on key figures like Cheremnykh who was still active in 1941. An idea which had arisen out of the desperate crisis of 1918 naturally came immediately to mind in the crisis of 1941, as having shown its worth. Secondly there were certain advantages in the production methods of the TASS Windows. They enabled a reaction to be made to an event within a very short period, as little as 24 hours. New posters appeared almost every day of the war. The TASS Windows became a kind of chronicle of the war, referring not only to general issues but also to incidents of the immediate moment as they arose in the press. They were also able to be reproduced in much brighter and more startling colours than could be produced at the time by printing, and they could be produced - as their imitators did - in towns outside Moscow where there were only very primitive printing facilities. Several of the poster artists of the revolutionary period were still active in 1941, the most notable being Viktor Deni, Mikhail Cheremnykh and Dimitri Moor. Prominent amongst the younger generation were the Kukryniksy, Boris Efimov, Irakly Toidzye and Viktor Ivanov. Many painters and artists who had had no connection with poster art participated in the TASS collective as the most direct way in which they could aid the war effort by boosting morale and exposing the enemy. 129 artists from various backgrounds contributed to the TASS Windows, including painters such as P P Sokolov-Skalya (176 Windows), A P Bubnov (25), P M Shukhmin (40), M V Mal'tsev (15) and F V Antonov (16). Similarly, more than 70 poets and writers sought to make their contribution to the same cause with appropriate short, sharp, witty and striking verses and slogans. The precedent had been set by Mayakovsky who wrote more than 600 texts for the ROSTA Windows as well as contributing as an artist. The proletarian poet Demyan Bedny (E A Pridvorov, 1881-1945), whose verses had been admitted by Lenin, had contributed to the earlier ROSTA Windows and although in poor health (he died in 1945 on the eve of victory), he insisted on returning to Moscow late in 1941 from the safety of Kazan to play his part. Bedny contributed the texts and verses for 113 TASS Windows during the war. Samuel Marshak (1887-1964) was a poet and prolific translator of English literature into Russian (having studied for two years at London University from 1912 to 1914) including Shakespeare, Burns, Keats and Wordsworth. He was renowned in the 1920s and 1930s for his children's stories adapted to the post-revolutionary conditions. During the war he published many satirical poems in Pravda and co-operated particularly with the Kukryniksy team, the best-known of the satirical artists of the TASS collective. Marshak wrote the texts for 108 TASS Windows during the war. V I Lebedev-Kumach (1898-1949) was an established poet of the period who had already been involved in the ROSTA propaganda agency during the Civil War. He wrote the text of the popular 1930s Soviet musical films Vesyolye Rebyata [The Happy Guys] and Tsirk [Circus] and for some of the most forceful of the patriotic songs of the war period such as Syvaschennaya voina [Holy War]. Lebedev-Kumach wrote the texts for 92 TASS Windows. The other most prolific contributors to the texts were the poets A I Mashistov (136 texts) and A A Zharov (95 texts). Sterling Price: £550 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page State Provision
for Social Need Economist and Social and Political theorist, Beveridge's contribution and the work of the Beveridge Committee was of monumental significance in the creation of the Welfare State. There is renewed interest worldwide in the merits and demerits of welfare state policies. An historical appraisal is vital to the task and also fundamental to understanding modern social and economic policy. The Second World War witnessed an acceleration of many trends evident in British politics and society before 1939. The war further stimulated new industries as well as reviving the old ones, and led to widespread recognition of social problems such as poverty and unemployment. The Beveridge Report of 1942 advocated a high level of employment and the creation of a welfare state. The Beveridge Committee was spearheaded by Sir William Beveridge, economist and academic theorist, and was strongly influenced by significant individuals such as Lord Kaldor. Its proposals were examined by a committee under Sir Thomas Phillips and accepted by the Committee on Reconstruction Problems headed by Sir William Jowitt. The major recommendations of the Report were: A comprehensive scheme of Social Insurance including unemployment and sickness benefit, maternity benefit, widow's benefit and pension, guardian's allowance, retirement pension and other grants. A free National Health Service A system of Children's Allowances An Industrial Injuries Scheme Training schemes for the Unemployed This microfilm collection brings together all the papers of Beveridge Committee and provides a comprehensive resource for analysis of social and economic changes in the immediate post-war years. It features: PIN 8 Social Insurance and Allied Services (Beveridge Report) The first part of this class (PIN 8/1-84) contains correspondence and papers of the Central Staff of the Cabinet Committee on Reconstruction under the Paymaster General. The Staff were drawn from the departments of Health, Labour, Assistance Board and the Home Office. These documents provide a full insight into the consideration and planning of the administrative machinery to implement the Beveridge Report. They include Papers of Weekly Conferences, Departmental Committees, Memoranda and other background details. The second part of the class (PIN 8/85-167) brings together all the papers of the Ministry of Health in connection with the Official Committee on the Beveridge Report, the Central Staff and implementation of the Report. In particular, there are substantial sections reflecting both the direct responsibility of the department in the field of social insurance and allied services and departmental representation on the Beveridge Committee, the Phillips Committee and the Cental Staff. Another special section of paramount importance (PIN 8/115-116) provides the Minutes, Circulated Papers, Memoranda and annotated copies of the Report of the Beveridge Committee from the working files of the Phillips Committee, December 1942 - January 1943, which looked into the Report. CAB 87/76-82, the Minutes, Memoranda and Committee Papers of the Beveridge Committee itself. These are reproduced here in full to give a complete picture and enable researchers to study the evolution of the Report, its findings, its problems, its advantages, its implementation and its impact. In the process of compiling the Report, Beveridge looked in detail at many early attempts to pass legislation to make provision for social need. During the 1880s, in Germany under Bismarck, after considerable controversy, the first steps were taken towards elementary provision for accident, sickness, old-age and disability insurance. In Britain, under Lloyd George in 1911, legislation was passed for sickness and invalidism insurance and then unemployment insurance. This was the result of the work of Sidney and Beatrice Webb, The Fabian Society and trade union representatives. The US Wisconsin Plan also pre-empted Beveridge. Beveridge looked at these and other relevant plans, legislation and economic and social analysis. Particularly in the economic field, the work of the Beveridge Report is of international relevance. Welfare Statism is often thought to be contrary to Classical Economics and is still hotly debated. Above all the work of Beveridge is best remembered for the beginning of the Social Services administration and the Welfare State in Britain, the formation of the National Health Service and the desire to tackle the difficult problems of unemployment. The detailed listing in this guide reveals the vast range of groups and organisations that contributed or were consulted by the Beveridge Committee. Prominent amongst these are the Fabian Society, the Trades Union Congress, the National Union of Railwaymen, the British Iron and Steel Federation, the Shipping Federation and the Liverpool Steam-Ship Owners Association, the National Council of Women of Great Britain, the International Labour Office, the British Employers' Confederation, the Family Endowment Society, the National Institute for the Blind, the Royal College of Nursing, the National Union of Teachers, the National Federation of Old Age Pensioners' Associations, the National Spinsters' Association, Insurance Companies, Local Government in its various forms and guises, the Nuffield College Social Reconstruction Survey, the New Zealand Social Security Scheme, and the National Resources Planning Board in the United States of America. It also reveals that there is significant material on women's issues and gender, for example the provisions for married women, child benefit, widows and joint retirement pensions. This microfilm edition allows social historians to study a whole range of important subjects which remain at the forefront of contemporary political debate. The changes stemming from the Beveridge Report altered the face of post-war Britain. The philosophy, ideas and arguments deserve closer scrutiny. For instance, Beveridge argued for new rates of payment and intended that benefits and contributions should vary according to the cost of living, and to the number of people out of work. All these arguments are still very relevant today. Sterling Price: £2000 - US Dollar Price: $3200 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page State Provision
for Social Need - Series Two In Series Two of this microfilm project we cover Sections III, IV, VI, VII and VIII of the William Henry Beveridge Papers from the British Library of Political and Economic Science. This project covers just those Sections of subject files with a strong bearing on the Welfare State, the Beveridge Report, Social Insurance, Health, Pensions and Economic Planning after 1945. Other Sections, principally the major runs of correspondence and other material still restricted by copyright are not covered here. The subject files in this microfilm project are made available as follows: Part 1: Early Working Papers on Welfare,
Labour and Unemployment Insurance, 1902-1944 Re-examining the Welfare State in detail has become a major preoccupation of modern day governments in the late 1990s. Here we provide a comprehensive microfilm edition of all the private papers amassed by Beveridge on this subject between 1902 and 1963. The publication of the Beveridge Report, in 1942, captured the public imagination and it was his proposals which set the agenda for post-war reconstruction. This Report enjoyed widespread coverage in the American press. It made the following major recommendations: There is extensive detail on all these topics as well as many documents on Beveridge's thinking in the 1920s and 1930s. In the process of compiling his findings Beveridge looked in detail at many early attempts to pass legislation to make provision for social need. This included analysis of early steps taken in Germany under Bismarck, the work of the Webbs and the Fabian Society, legislation passed by Lloyd George in 1911, the US Wisconsin Plan and the National Resources Planning Board of the United States of America. Above all Beveridge is best remembered for the beginning of the Social Services administration and the Welfare State in Britain, the formation of the National Health Service and the desire to tackle the difficult problems of unemployment. Part 1 covers a range of papers from Beveridge's work with the London Unemployed Fund in 1904 and 1905, his visit to Germany in 1907, his study of unemployment as a problem of industry, his work on Labour Exchanges, Unemployment Insurance, to Manpower and Reconstruction in the Inter-War period. Part 2 includes his correspondence as a constituency MP for Berwick on Tweed, 1944-1945, the General Election campaign of 1945 as well as all Beveridge's papers relating to Parliamentary affairs and debates, especially Social Insurance, the Children's Bill, the Economic Situation, Housing, the Family, Welfare, the Health Service, the National Insurance Bill of 1954, Provision for Old Age, Pension Schemes, Transport Problems, the United Nations, Disarmament and Europe. Part 3 has a strong focus on Health Services,
Hospitals, Old Age, Pensions, Economic Planning, Part 4 provides complete coverage of all
the working papers, correspondence and notes for all Beveridge's
Reports: A single paperback guide accompanies the
first two parts of Series Two of this microfilm project. Sterling Price: £1880 - US Dollar Price: $2950 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page State Provision
for Social Need - Series Two Part 2 includes his correspondence as a constituency MP for Berwick on Tweed, 1944-1945, the General Election campaign of 1945 as well as all Beveridge's papers relating to Parliamentary affairs and debates, especially Social Insurance, the Children's Bill, the Economic Situation, Housing, the Family, Welfare, the Health Service, the National Insurance Bill of 1954, Provision for Old Age, Pension Schemes, Transport Problems, the United Nations, Disarmament and Europe. The material covered in Part 2 of this microfilm project corresponds to Section VI items 1-113 of the Beveridge Papers at British Library of Political and Economic Science, at the London School of Economics. For instance, items 43-55 cover the following: Charitable Trusts: (44) National Insurance Problems: Hansard, 10 February ( nd ). (45) Welfare and Health Services: speech notes, 7 April 1954. World Population and Resources: speech notes,
28 April 1954 [Hansard]. Also: Television Bill: speech (47) National Insurance Bill: speech notes and Hansard, 20 December 1954. (48) Oxford By-Pass: speech notes and Hansard, 8 February 1955. (49) Problem of the Aged: Hansard, 23 March 1955 [see also Section VII item 7]. (50) Coercive Action (Relief) Bill: correspondence, speech notes and bill, 24 January 1956. (51) Officers' Pay and Conditions: speech notes and Hansard, 25 January 1956. (52) Economic Situation: speech notes and Hansard, 7 March 1956. Death Penalty (Abolition) Bill: correspondence,
memoranda and Hansard, 12 March - 30 May 1956. (54) Imperial Institute: correspondence, speech notes and Hansard, 13 March 1956. (55) Finance Bill No 2: speech notes, 30 July 1956. Sterling Price: £1880 - US Dollar Price: $2950 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page State Provision
for Social Need - Series Two Part 3 has a strong focus on Health Services, Hospitals, Old Age, Pensions, Economic Planning, New Towns, Post-War Europe and the role of the United Nations after 1945, the European-Atlantic Group, along with material on the Crusade for World Government, Federal Union, the Parliamentary Group for World Government and papers on Broadcasting and Television. January 2000 Sterling Price: £2800 - US Dollar Price: $4500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page State Provision
for Social Need - Series Two Part 4 provides complete coverage of all
Beveridge's working papers, his own backgroung notes, correspondence
and other relevant papers and notes for all Beveridge's Reports: February 2000 Sterling Price: £1480 - US Dollar Price: $2375 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page State Provision
for Social Need - Series Three Adam Matthew Publications Home Page State Provision
for Social Need - Series Three Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Strafford CD-ROM Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Thoreau Walden
and other manuscripts of Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) from the
Huntington Library Walden: Or, Life in the Woods is widely recognised as a literary masterpiece and one of the seminal works of the modern age. Written during a two year retreat to a cabin on the shores of Walden Pond, near Concord, Massachusetts, it is at once a distinguished piece of natural history writing; a work of poetic beauty; an essay in transcendental philosophy; a polemic against industrialised labour and material possessions; and a pioneer ecological statement. The original manuscript and corrected proofs of Walden, held at the Huntington Library, are now presented here on microfilm together with all of the library's other rich resources documenting Thoreau's life and work. Highlights include: Walden, or Life in the Woods [Holograph
manuscript, includes parts of early versions, 1184pp, HM 924; and
corrected proof, 119pp, HM 925] There is also an important collection of letters to, from and relating to Thoreau. Correspondents include John Thoreau , Ralph Waldo Emerson, Horace Greeley, Ticknor & Fields, Daniel Ricketson, and Sophia Thoreau. An essential source for all those doing detailed work on the life and writings of Henry David Thoreau, these manuscripts will also be of valuable to all those with an interest in natural history writing and ecology, and for those studying the 19th Century New England influence on American Literature. "Today Henry David Thoreau is universally
acknowledged as one of America's greatest writers whose prose at
its best has seldom been equalled. His message becomes more significant
with the passage of time. During the Depression years of the 1930s,
for example, Thoreau seemed to speak directly to the problems of
an industrial society gone bankrupt. In the period of the 1950s
and 1960s, he inspired legions of civil rights activists, antiwar
demonstrators, and advocates of counterculture. In our own age of
crude materialism, conformity, and global concerns about environmental
catastrophe and omnipotent technology, he speaks to millions." Sterling Price: £390 - US Dollar Price: $625 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Treasury Papers Introduction by "The papers of the Economic Section are one of the most compact and important set of records of post-war British Government. Written by economists such as Lionel Robbins and James Meade who were to dominate economics until the 1970s, they provide a wealth of information and opinion on the reconstruction of post-war Britain, Europe and the international economy. Individual policy files, for example, cover the creation of the IMF, GATT and NATO as well as the revolutionary commitment of the British Government in 1944 to the maintenance of a 'high and stable' level of employment. In addition, individual discussion papers consider the theoretical issues raised by the need, among other things, to estimate national income, manage aggregate demand and curb inflation. The Section pioneered, for better or for worse, the application of Keynesian economics to the real world problems facing the European and international economies after the Second World War. Its papers are therefore of equal importance to historians and those interested in the development of economic thought. They provide a storehouse of information for research at undergraduate & postgraduate level and beyond. The Economic Section In the 1930s there were many experiments in Britain, as in other western countries, to provide expert economic advice to central government. At the outbreak of the Second World War these experiments culminated in the creation of a central Economic Information Service which in turn in January 1941 was divided into the Economic Section of the War Cabinet and the Central Statistical Office. The Economic Section, which became the channel for the first application of Keynesian economics to practical real world problems, has long been regarded as one of the most important and exciting developments of the war. It consisted of a small group of professional economists, normally numbering between ten and twenty, to provide general advice on economic policy. Its first four directors were John Jewkes (Jan-Sept 1941), Lionel Robbins (Sept 1941-autumn 1945), James Meade (autumn 1945-April 1947) and Robert Hall (Sept 1947-1961). During the war, the Section acted as the staff of the Lord President of the Council, Anderson (1940-Sept 1943) and Attlee (Sept 1943-May 1945). Given the Lord President's role as the focus of decision making on domestic issues, the Section was heavily involved in the planning of post-war Britain. For example, one of its mentors, Norman Chester, was the secretary to the Beveridge Committee on Social Insurance and Allied Services and James Meade, in particular, was involved in employment policy. In 1941 he had written The Prevention of General Unemployment which had broken new ground by placing demand management at the centre of employment policy. During 1943 a similar line was taken in his Maintenance of Full Employment for the Cabinet's Reconstruction Priorities Committee and thereafter members of the Section continued to play an active role in the discussion of employment policy, most importantly in the drafting of the White Paper on Employment Policy (Cmd 6527). Related to this was revolutionary work on the estimating of the post-war national income. The Section was also involved in discussions on international reconstruction, including Bretton Woods, commodity policy and the UK balance of payments. During the war there had been consideration of a peace-time central economic staff but nothing new materialized. At the end of the war, Lionel Robbins and some other members of the section returned to academic life, leaving James Meade to become the director and to spend most of the time serving the new Lord President, Morrison, who had assumed responsibility for (among other things) domestic economic planning. The full range of the Section's responsibilities can be discerned from the files listed below; but its most important role was the preparation from 1946 and publication from 1947 of an annual Economic Survey reviewing the existing situation and forecasting the expected development of the British economy in the coming year. Between 1945 and 1947 an Overseas Economic Survey was prepared as well (T230/19-24) and the Section was further involved in the initial work on the long-term plan. It was through these assignments that the Section played an important role in the reconstruction of Europe and the implementation of the Marshall Plan. During Meade's directorship, the importance of the Section temporarily declined for three major reasons. First, Morrison did not dominate domestic economic policy as had Anderson before him; he was also not fully at ease with economics and had an alternative source of economic advice in his private secretary, Max Nicholson. Secondly, Dalton, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, was himself a trained economist and felt little need for advice from other professional economists. Finally, Meade himself limited his influence both by taking too theoretical an approach with Morrison and by advocating financial policy, as opposed to direct controls, in his advice to Dalton and the Budget Committee. Meade left in April 1947, disillusioned and ill, and was replaced as director by Robert Hall. Hall was a more pragmatic figure, with considerable experience of Whitehall, and he was able to restore the status of the Section with the assistance of two major organisational changes in 1947: the appointment after March of the Central Economic Planning staff under Edwin Plowden, and Cripps' supersession first, in September, of Morrison as minister in charge of economic planning and second, in November, of Dalton as Chancellor. The relationship between the Section and CEPS was not without difficulties but, once the professional economists had left CEPS, a good working relationship - especially between Hall and Plowden - was established. The Section provided CEPS with economic analysis within the Treasury. Plowden's close relationship with Cripps also gave Hall and the Section direct access to the Chancellor and forced the Treasury to be more helpful. Beneath Hall, a continual turnover of staff meant that other members of the Section were mainly young and inexperienced; and it was not until 1949 that Hall was supported by two experienced economists, Russell Bretherton and Marcus Fleming, as deputy directors. These junior staff continued to work as the Section's representatives on various committees, drafting the annual Economic Survey with CEPS and keeping the economic situation under review. However, the influence of the Section (for example over devaluation) can largely be attributed to Hall, although he did gain increasing support from colleagues who were later to become distinguished economists in their own right: Christopher Dow, Fred Atkinson, Jack Downie and Bryan Hopkin. For papers on the development of the Section see T230/283. For further information see A K Cairncross and N Watts, The Economic Section 1939-1961 (Routledge, 1989), which includes a full list of the Section's staff; A K Cairncross (ed), The Robert Hall Diaries 1947-1953 (Unwin Hyman, 1989) and S Howson (ed), The Collected Papers of James Meade vols I to IV (Unwin Hyman, 1988 and 1989.) For a detailed listing of government records relevant to the Section's work, see B W E Alford, R Lowe and N Rollings, Economic Planning 1943-51 (HMSO, 1992)." Dr Rodney Lowe "Treasury Papers (T 230) contain essential
and basic material which all scholars will want to use for the analysis
of post-war economic policy." The Papers of the Economic Section (Public Record Office Class T 230) provides scholars with an opportunity to see the first instance of Keynesian economic principles being applied to a real economy. This is a wonderful source for undergraduate and graduate research, which can readily be used in conjunction with printed sources such as: A K Cairncross and N Watts, The Economic Section 1939-1961 (Routledge, 1989), A K Cairncross (ed), The Robert Hall Diaries 1947-1953 (Unwin Hyman, 1989) and S Howson (ed), The Collected Papers of James Meade, vols I to IV (Unwin Hyman, 1988-forthcoming). Starting in 1941, the British Government employed professional economists to advise on economic policy in a group known as the Economic Section. The first four directors, John Jewkes (Jan-Sept 1941), Lionel Robbins (Sept 1941-Autumn 1945), James Meade (Autumn 1945-April 1947) and Robert Hall (Sept 1947-1961), were ably supported by a range of economists including Marcus Fleming, Bryan Hopkin, Russell Bretherton, A Pigou, Christopher Dow, Fred Atkinson and Jack Downie. John Maynard Keynes was an important direct and indirect influence on the Economic Section. He commented regularly on Discussion Papers and proposals, helping to clarify the correct application of his ideas to the real economic issues. Part 1 of this project covers Treasury Class T 230, pieces 1-36. In broad terms the files cover Post-war agricultural policy, post-war civil aviation policy, UK post-war balance of payments, Discussion Papers, Reorganisation of the Coal Industry, Commodity Policy, Regulation of output, Prices and labour absorption during the transitional period from war to peace, Economic controls, and Long-term Cotton problems. The Discussion Papers form by far the largest
section of Part 1 and are of the greatest importance. These are
long detailed analyses of particular problems, drawing upon the
best available data at the time. Examples include: "The Economic Section was the first
group of professional economists to operate full-time as government
advisers in Britain. From 1940 onwards they occupied a key role
in the making of economic policy and their views carried great weight
with successive governments. The papers of the Section are indispensable
to an understanding of the thinking behind government policy, especially
budgetary policy, and of the evolution of modern economic management." Sterling Price: £950 - US Dollar Price: $1500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Treasury Papers Consultant Editor: Part 2 (T 230/37-73) focuses on Bretton
Woods, International Monetary Policy, the Economic Surveys of 1946,
1947 and 1948, The Long Term Economic Survey 1948-1951, Employment
policy with minutes and memoranda of the Committee on Post-war Employment.
"Treasury Papers (T 230) contain essential
and basic material which all scholars will want to use for the analysis
of post-war economic policy." The Papers of the Economic Section (Public Record Office Class T 230) provides scholars with an opportunity to see the first instance of Keynesian economic principles being applied to a real economy. This is a wonderful source for undergraduate and graduate research, which can readily be used in conjunction with printed sources such as: A K Cairncross and N Watts, The Economic Section 1939-1961 (Routledge, 1989), A K Cairncross (ed), The Robert Hall Diaries 1947-1953 (Unwin Hyman, 1989) and S Howson (ed), The Collected Papers of James Meade, vols I to IV (Unwin Hyman, 1988-forthcoming). Starting in 1941, the British Government employed professional economists to advise on economic policy in a group known as the Economic Section. The first four directors, John Jewkes (Jan-Sept 1941), Lionel Robbins (Sept 1941-Autumn 1945), James Meade (Autumn 1945-April 1947) and Robert Hall (Sept 1947-1961), were ably supported by a range of economists including Marcus Fleming, Bryan Hopkin, Russell Bretherton, A Pigou, Christopher Dow, Fred Atkinson and Jack Downie. John Maynard Keynes was an important direct and indirect influence on the Economic Section. He commented regularly on Discussion Papers and proposals, helping to clarify the correct application of his ideas to the real economic issues. "The Economic Section was the first
group of professional economists to operate full-time as government
advisers in Britain. From 1940 onwards they occupied a key role
in the making of economic policy and their views carried great weight
with successive governments. The papers of the Section are indispensable
to an understanding of the thinking behind government policy, especially
budgetary policy, and of the evolution of modern economic management." The following extract is taken from the Economic Survey, 1948 [T 230/59]. It gives a brief summary of the aims and rationale behind the central planning policies pursued by the Economic Section: Draft paper "1. My colleagues will, I think, wish
to be informed of the progress so far made in the preparation of
our economic plans and of the general methods which are being followed. Sterling Price: £950 - US Dollar Price: $1500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files: United States of America Although Britain was not directly involved in the Vietnam War she did have substantial interests in South East Asia, and was anxious to monitor the situation closely. Whilst Briatin regarded the United States as her principal ally, she was not uncritical of American diplomacy and military initiatives, and as the finely honed reporting skills of the Foreign Office were brought to bear on the situation, their testimony forms a useful complement to the evidence given in the US State Department Files. We may not agree with the comment of H A F Hohler (the British Ambassador to Vietnam) that we who are much less closely engaged in the day-to-day conduct of the was, are able to see things more clearly, but Britain's experience in Malaya in the 1940's and 1950's and her involvement in India, Burma, Thailand, Singapore and Hong Kong gave her an important alternative perspective. Scholars interested in the implications of the was from a Pacific Rim viewpoint will also find important evidence in these files concerning the attitudes of Australia, New Zealand and other Commonwealth nations towards the war. Parts 5 and 6 offer a British and Commonwealth
perspective on the intensification of the Vietnam War, increased
US aid to South Vietnam and the involvement of far greater numbers
of American combat troops during the Johnson administration. Parts
5 and 6 concentrate on the files for Vietnam, 1964-1968. These include:
The material highlights the build up of American forces in Vietnam following the attack on the USS Maddox and the passage by US Congress of the Tonkin Gulf resolution giving President Johnson extraordinary power to act in South East Asia. Weekly reports, intelligence and critical analyses bring together news from Saigon, Hanoi, Haiphong and Dien Bein Phu. These documents allow scholars a fresh perspective on the formulation of US policy, the motives and debates influencing decision making, the scale of human tragedy, the efforts at mediation and peace talks to end hostilities. March 2003 - £2500 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files: United States of America Although Britain was not directly involved in the Vietnam War she did have substantial interests in South East Asia, and was anxious to monitor the situation closely. Whilst Briatin regarded the United States as her principal ally, she was not uncritical of American diplomacy and military initiatives, and as the finely honed reporting skills of the Foreign Office were brought to bear on the situation, their testimony forms a useful complement to the evidence given in the US State Department Files. We may not agree with the comment of H A F Hohler (the British Ambassador to Vietnam) that we who are much less closely engaged in the day-to-day conduct of the was, are able to see things more clearly, but Britain's experience in Malaya in the 1940's and 1950's and her involvement in India, Burma, Thailand, Singapore and Hong Kong gave her an important alternative perspective. Scholars interested in the implications of the was from a Pacific Rim viewpoint will also find important evidence in these files concerning the attitudes of Australia, New Zealand and other Commonwealth nations towards the war. Parts 5 and 6 offer a British and Commonwealth
perspective on the intensification of the Vietnam War, increased
US aid to South Vietnam and the involvement of far greater numbers
of American combat troops during the Johnson administration. Parts
5 and 6 concentrate on the files for Vietnam, 1964-1968. These include:
The material highlights the build up of American forces in Vietnam following the attack on the USS Maddox and the passage by US Congress of the Tonkin Gulf resolution giving President Johnson extraordinary power to act in South East Asia. Weekly reports, intelligence and critical analyses bring together news from Saigon, Hanoi, Haiphong and Dien Bein Phu. These documents allow scholars a fresh perspective on the formulation of US policy, the motives and debates influencing decision making, the scale of human tragedy, the efforts at mediation and peace talks to end hostilities. £2200 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files for the Soviet Union The early 1960's saw a strengthening of the Iron Curtain with events in Berlin in 1961 providing a physical barrier to add to the psychological one that had been in place since the end of the Second World War. Parts 2, 3 and 4 cover all the incidents in 1961-1964 which further added to East-West tensions. This microfilm collection brings together invaluable documentation relating to a most intense period of Cold War politics. Reports and analyses by British Embassy staff 'on the ground' in Moscow ensure a comprehensive view of both international machinations and international repercussions. From the crises over Berlin and Cuba to friction over nuclear tests, disarmament, the Sino-Indian dispute and the trial of the U-2 pilot Gary Powers, there is much material that is equally critical of bother American and Soviet actions Well documented events and issues include:
Part 2 covers 1961 and 1962, both years dominated by events in Berlin and Cuba. In June 1961 Kennedy and Khrushchev met in Vienna. The Summit was marked by bullying behaviour from the Soviet leader who demanded that the West recognise the sovereign status of East Germany. Kennedy was intractable. The only point on which they agreed was that there should be 'a neutral and independent Laos'. Khrushchev continued to make threats, but met a firm line from Kennedy who, from 25 July, announced increases in the US armed forces stationed in Germany. Khrushchev's response was completely unexpected: a 'wall' of concrete and barbed wire. FO 371/159535-7 provides a weekly round up of news and gossip from the British Embassy in Moscow. Newspaper articles, conversations and rumours are all sifted for useful political intelligence. Agriculture, heavy industry, the launch of the new party programme in October 1961 and the new Twenty Year Plan all feature in files on the internal political situation, social policy, trade and commerce. May 2002 - £2200 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files for the Soviet Union The early 1960's saw a strengthening of the Iron Curtain with events in Berlin in 1961 providing a physical barrier to add to the psychological one that had been in place since the end of the Second World War. Parts 2, 3 and 4 cover all the incidents in 1961-1964 which further added to East-West tensions. This microfilm collection brings together invaluable documentation relating to a most intense period of Cold War politics. Reports and analyses by British Embassy staff 'on the ground' in Moscow ensure a comprehensive view of both international machinations and international repercussions. From the crises over Berlin and Cuba to friction over nuclear tests, disarmament, the Sino-Indian dispute and the trial of the U-2 pilot Gary Powers, there is much material that is equally critical of bother American and Soviet actions Well documented events and issues include:
Part 3 covers 1963, the year in which Kennedy was assassinated, events in Vietnam escalated and the USA and USSR established a 'hot line' between the White House and the Kremlin in the wake of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Files deal with Berlin and Kennedy's visit in June, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Cuba and the seizure of the US Embassy in Havana, Castro's visit to the USSR, events in Vietnam and China, Soviet reaction to Kennedy's assassination, the defection of the concert pianist Vladimir Ashkenazy to the UK, the expulsion of HM embassy staff, the national celebration for the twentieth anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad and talks between the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Soviet Foreign Minister, Andrei Gromyko. The material reflects British efforts to increase contact with the Soviets in this period. May 2003 - £1175 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files for the Soviet Union The early 1960's saw a strengthening of the Iron Curtain with events in Berlin in 1961 providing a physical barrier to add to the psychological one that had been in place since the end of the Second World War. Parts 2, 3 and 4 cover all the incidents in 1961-1964 which further added to East-West tensions. This microfilm collection brings together invaluable documentation relating to a most intense period of Cold War politics. Reports and analyses by British Embassy staff 'on the ground' in Moscow ensure a comprehensive view of both international machinations and international repercussions. From the crises over Berlin and Cuba to friction over nuclear tests, disarmament, the Sino-Indian dispute and the trial of the U-2 pilot Gary Powers, there is much material that is equally critical of bother American and Soviet actions Well documented events and issues include:
Part 4 concentrates on political manoeuvrings both at home and abroad in 1964. By October 1964 Khrushchev had been ousted and replaced by Kosygin and Brezhnev. Throughout all the parts of this project there are files which deal with the stability of Khrushchev's position within the Soviet government, allowing scholars to consider the reasons for the decline and ultimate removal after seven years in power. There are important files on relations with the USA, Britain, the Commonwealth and China and on the ever contentious issue of frontiers. One file in particular also deals with the reorganisation of the KGB and GRU and the Sorge spy scandal. The files for 1964 also feature many cultural events with high political overtones, including the expulsion of the Time correspondent for an article on Lenin, the expulsion of Reuter's Moscow correspondent, the debate on Lenin awards for literature and sensitive articles on Stalin's forced labour camps. £1250 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files for Cuba Offering complete coverage of the Cuba files in Public Record Office Class FO 371, from the Revolution in 1959 to the Cuban Missile Crisis, this project provides a British perspective on events within Cuba. The detailed reports, memoranda and correspondence within these files describe events which had world wide repercussions and brought the world to the brink of nuclear war in the dark days of November 1962. There are: The collection also features a number of files from the Prime Ministers' Office series (PREM 11) detailing discussions about Cuba at the highest level. These include Prime Ministerial briefings on Cuba and records of meetings and discussions between Macmillan, Khrushchev and Kennedy. Part 2 commences with the breaking of diplomatic realtions between Americana nd Cuba by President Eisenhower on the 3rd January 1961. In contrast, Britain maintained Foreign Office representatives on the ground. John F Kennedy took office on 20 January 1961 and a CIA backed plan to invade Cuba may have seemed to offer the new administration a chance for glory. The British Foreign office enlisted the support of locals to get news of events and one report from Nicaragua (FO 371/156142 - item AK 1015/98) reveals the level of US and Nicaraguan assistance. It gives and account of two objectively minded travellers (one American, one Nicaraguan) who arrived in Managua from Bluefield and reported that all fighting men and landing craft have gone and that the airfield ... is littered with a large quantity of American supplies which were originally intended for the Cuban beach-head. The Bay of Pigs invasion failed and 114 émigrés were killed and 1,189 were captured by Castro's forces. A Foreign Office 'post-mortem' on the invasion (FO 371/156145, Caccia to Home, 1 May 1961) reflected that: this early set-back will have a profound effect on the President. He will understandably be on the look-out for a chance to get even with the Communists, though with Mr Rusk at his elbow, he is unlikely to act irresponsibly. He will redouble his efforts to bring the wayward American government machine under control and in the process there will be a shift in power within the government and a modification of the President's hitherto essentially personal direction of affairs.This project covers all these events in great detail, including all correspondence and reports within the Foreign Office on the unfolding events between the United States and Cuba. Britain was more than a bystander - she had colonial and commonwealth interests in British Guyana and the Caribbean and wished to preserve the 'special relationship' with American, whilst striving to maintain trade and diplomatic relations with Cuba. April 2002 - £1100 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files for Cuba Offering complete coverage of the Cuba files in Public Record Office Class FO 371, from the Revolution in 1959 to the Cuban Missile Crisis, this project provides a British perspective on events within Cuba. The detailed reports, memoranda and correspondence within these files describe events which had world wide repercussions and brought the world to the brink of nuclear war in the dark days of November 1962. There are: The collection also features a number of files from the Prime Ministers' Office series (PREM 11) detailing discussions about Cuba at the highest level. These include Prime Ministerial briefings on Cuba and records of meetings and discussions between Macmillan, Khrushchev and Kennedy. Part 3 starts with a report (FO 371/16238) warning that: A from of communism had been established in Cuba which cannot fail to affect the whole of Latin America. Officially designated the 'Year of Education', 1961 was in fact the year of widespread indoctrination. The pattern of the new social and political structure is single party police state, communist type, under the rule of the United party of the revolution. It operated at all levels and in all fields through mass revolutionary organisations. This is the strength of the regime. The United States sought to combat this regime through the intensification of their embargo on Cuba. But on 14 October 1962 Major Richard Heyser's reconnaissance flight over Cuba came back with hard photographic evidence of medium range ballistic missiles. They debated the options of a single surgical air strike on the missile bases; an attack on varous Cuban facilities; a comprehensive series of attacks and invasions; or the 'quarantine' or blockade of Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis was perhaps the most alarming incident of the Cold War, bringing the United State and the USSR into an 'eyeball-to-eyeball' confrontation in the autumn of 1962. The stationing of Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, barely ninety miles off the tip of Florida brought home the realities of nuclear warfare. On the morning of 22 October 1962, De Gaulle, Macmillan and Home were briefed by their individual US ambassadors. Macmillan was said to have stated Now the American will realise what we here in England have lived through for the past many years. Both the French and the British governments hastened to offer their backing to the United States for a 'quarantine' policy. Macmillan and Kennedy stayed in close contact throughout the crisis, speaking to each other on the telephone as much as three times a day and many of those conversations are given in the files in full. A poll taken in the 23 October showed that one in five American believe that the quarantine would result in World War III The crisis ended when Khrushchev promised to withdraw the missiles if American promised not to invade Cuba at a later date. By a separate agreement, US missiles in Turkey were also removed. On 2 November 1962 President Kennedy gave a brief address to the nation concluding that on the basis of aerial photographs the Cuban missile bases were being dismantled and their missiles and other related equipment were being crated. The naval quarantine was not lifted until 21 November, following Khrushchev's decision to remove all IL-28 bombers from Cuba, thus ending the most fraught period in Cold War history. This project covers all these events in great detail, including all correspondence and reports within the Foreign Office on the unfolding events between the United States and Cuba. Britain was more than a bystander - she had colonial and commonwealth interests in British Guyana and the Caribbean and wished to preserve the 'special relationship' with American, whilst striving to maintain trade and diplomatic relations with Cuba. £1750 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files for China, 1949-1976 Foreign Office Files for China, offers complete
coverage of PRO Class FO 371 on china for the 1950's, 1960's and
1970's; and documents some of the most famous happenings in the
history of modern day China including: Documented are Sino-Soviet relations; nationalisation of commerce and industry; economic planning an collectivisation, international recognition and foreign policy; trade and commerce with Japan and the USA; moves towards admission to the United Nations; as well as weekly and monthly summaries of events within China. Britain's extensive contacts in the region and strongly established interests ensured that, whilst America refused to recognise the communist government early on, Britain retained diplomatic links and a presence in the emerging power. This is why British Foreign Office records are so important for scholars, for they provide a steady stream of detailed reports and memoranda on events and attitudes within the country that cannot be found in US State Department files. In parts 3 & 4 relations with Formosa (Taiwan) are well documented, detailing the exile of Chiang Kai-Shek from the Chinese mainland, the establishment of the Kuomintang government in Taiwan and international reactions to this event. US support of the Taiwanese government is well covered, especially US naval support, and the Mutual Defence Treaty signed by the two nations in order to protect Taiwan against Communist invasion. British commercial policy towards Asia is documented throughout including her strategies on how best to protect her interests in the area and her changing views on trade. The defence and protection of Hong Kong against Communist China, as Britain's last colony in East Asia, a bastion of capitalism and a centre for trade and commerce on the Asian mainland, is well detailed. Issues of sovereignty relating to Kowloon and the New Territories were of concern to the British and are a feature of these files. September 2002 - £1750 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files for post-war Japan, 1952-1980 These British archives provide invaluable
analyses of Japan's social, economic and political development,
and fully document her changing relations wit Britain and the Commonwealth.
This collection of documents covers the crucial period of Japanese development from the end of the Allied Occupation in 1952 to the establishment of Japan as a major economic power by the early 1960's. Making available for the first time files only recently opened to research, the material in this collection contains a wealth of information from the British Foreign Office Central Political Files concerning Japan. Drawing on Reports, Memoranda, Despatches, Official Instructions and Regular Communications between the Foreign Office and the British Embassy and Consulates in Japan, many of the most pressing issues of the day are discussed and appraised. Subjects covered range in scope from Annual Reports and fortnightly summaries of events in Japan (for each year covered in this series), Japanese political, social and economic issues, to criminal jurisdiction over UN forces in Japan foreign relations and territorial disputes. Part 6 documents the years 1965, 1966 and 1967 with a strong emphasis on commercial and political relations with Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Malaya and Indonesia. Annual Reviews together with reports on the internal economic and political situation In Japan provide good detail on the Sato administration. Sato was determined to keep on the best possible terms with the United States and to build upon the economic success and prosperity of the Ikeda years. The files reflect the continued high growth rate of the Japanese economy with GNP eclipsing the four leading West European nations. There are also many files detailing cultural changes throughout the ear including the impact of the sixties on Japan. The influence of the Beatles is discussed along with changes in education, student violence, the Crown Prince's tour of South America and the visit of Princess Chichibu to the UK. During this period there was a change in the British Ambassador to Japan. The documents provide the first impressions of Sir John Pilcher, the debriefing notes of Sir Francis Rundall, the outgoing ambassador, and his valedictory despatch. The FO 371 and FCO 21 files for these years
are dominated by economic issues, relations with the US, China and
Japan, especially: Throughout the period, as the files in this microfilm edition demonstrate, Japan did everything possible to foster good relations with the United States and Britain. Covering an era which saw an escalation in hostility between East and West it is interesting to see how, whilst other countries were attempting to break away from capitalism, Japan was fostering a burgeoning economy and building political and cultural relations in the aftermath of the Second World War. February 2001 - £1100 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files for post-war Japan, 1952-1980 These British archives provide invaluable
analyses of Japan's social, economic and political development,
and fully document her changing relations wit Britain and the Commonwealth.
This collection of documents covers the crucial period of Japanese development from the end of the Allied Occupation in 1952 to the establishment of Japan as a major economic power by the early 1960's. Making available for the first time files only recently opened to research, the material in this collection contains a wealth of information from the British Foreign Office Central Political Files concerning Japan. Drawing on Reports, Memoranda, Despatches, Official Instructions and Regular Communications between the Foreign Office and the British Embassy and Consulates in Japan, many of the most pressing issues of the day are discussed and appraised. Subjects covered range in scope from Annual Reports and fortnightly summaries of events in Japan (for each year covered in this series), Japanese political, social and economic issues, to criminal jurisdiction over UN forces in Japan foreign relations and territorial disputes. Part 7 continues the microfilm series up to 1971. Economic and financial policy issues are well covered. Other files cover the impressive Osaka Expo, the extension of the Security Treaty with the United States in 1970 and the Agreement of 1969 for the return of Okinawa to Japan, implemented in 1972. Increasingly, the documents begin to show heightened concerns in Britain, America and Europe about the speed of Japan's advance in foreign trade. There is evidence of anxiety about the growing imbalance of trade, the potential for destabilising consequences for international finance, the exceptional growth in trade with China and Taiwan, even criticism of Japanese reluctance to liberalise import controls and open up her markets to the West/ The files towards the end of 1971 address the impact of the devaluation of the dollar against the yen, the confusion in financial markets and in trade, the severe inflation in Japan and difficulties for the Sato administration. Also well covered is the great upsurge of discontent in universities in Japan - the peace movement, campaigning on pollution and environmental issues. Throughout the period, as the files in this microfilm edition demonstrate, Japan did everything possible to foster good relations with the United States and Britain. Covering an era which saw an escalation in hostility between East and West it is interesting to see how, whilst other countries were attempting to break away from capitalism, Japan was fostering a burgeoning economy and building political and cultural relations in the aftermath of the Second World War. January 2002 - £1100 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Asian Economic
History Series One essential port-war documentation on the trade in Narcotics - most particularly concerning the Opium Trade. A Commission under the auspices of the United Nations, investigated the social, economic and political ramifications of new proposals and legislation to control the trade. In addition to providing details of the activities and findings of the Commission, these files contain a mass of background reports and correspondence. This source makes clear the complexity and problematic nature of drug control. £310 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Asian Economic
History Series Two takes on the broader issue of Economic Development in South East and East Asia focusing on the dramatic growth achieved in Brunei, Hong Kong, Malaysia, South Korea, and Taiwan, 1950-1980. It includes material from Board of Trade, Cabinet, Colonial Office, Dominions Office, Foreign Office and Treasury classes in the Public Record Office. All major economic survey reports for this region are covered, as well as files on key conferences in Colombo, Sydney, London and Canberra. Meetings in Bukit Serene and Mallaig of HM Representatives in South East Asia are also documented. There is coverage of agricultural development in Malaya, South Korea and Taiwan; shipping in Hong Kong and Singapore; oil prospecting and drilling in Brunei; banking in Singapore and Hong Kong; and US aid and investment in the region. The first three parts cover the period from
1950-1962. Sample Files include: March 2001 £1875 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Asian Economic
History Series Two takes on the broader issue of Economic Development in South East and East Asia focusing on the dramatic growth achieved in Brunei, Hong Kong, Malaysia, South Korea, and Taiwan, 1950-1980. It includes material from Board of Trade, Cabinet, Colonial Office, Dominions Office, Foreign Office and Treasury classes in the Public Record Office. All major economic survey reports for this region are covered, as well as files on key conferences in Colombo, Sydney, London and Canberra. Meetings in Bukit Serene and Mallaig of HM Representatives in South East Asia are also documented. There is coverage of agricultural development in Malaya, South Korea and Taiwan; shipping in Hong Kong and Singapore; oil prospecting and drilling in Brunei; banking in Singapore and Hong Kong; and US aid and investment in the region. The first three parts cover the period from
1950-1962. Sample Files include: March 2002 - £1875 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Asian Economic
History Series Two takes on the broader issue of Economic Development in South East and East Asia focusing on the dramatic growth achieved in Brunei, Hong Kong, Malaysia, South Korea, and Taiwan, 1950-1980. It includes material from Board of Trade, Cabinet, Colonial Office, Dominions Office, Foreign Office and Treasury classes in the Public Record Office. All major economic survey reports for this region are covered, as well as files on key conferences in Colombo, Sydney, London and Canberra. Meetings in Bukit Serene and Mallaig of HM Representatives in South East Asia are also documented. There is coverage of agricultural development in Malaya, South Korea and Taiwan; shipping in Hong Kong and Singapore; oil prospecting and drilling in Brunei; banking in Singapore and Hong Kong; and US aid and investment in the region. The first three parts cover the period from
1950-1962. Sample Files include: £1875 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files for Post-War Europe The Community shall have as its task, by
establishing a common market and an economic and monetary union
.... To promote throughout the Community a harmonious and balanced
development of economic activities, sustainable and non-inflationary
growth respecting the environment, a high degree of convergence
of economic performance, a high level of employment and of social
protection, the raising of the standard of living and quality of
life, and economic and social cohesion and solidarity among Member
States. On the 25th March 1957 the six member countries of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) - France, Belgium, the Netherlands. Luxembourg, West Germany and Italy - all signed an agreement which was to lay the foundations of the European Union as we know it today. The Treaty of Rome created the European Economic Community (colloquially called 'Common Market') and a related agreement created the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). Britain was not very enthusiastic about political and economic union, preferring free trade between independent nation states. Despite her reservations, Britain took careful steps to keep all European developments under close scrutiny; these files are proof of that. Part 1 is dominated by 43 files on the subject of European Economic Integration and on the formation of a Common Market and Free Trade Area. A further 22 files discuss the Messina proposals in European Integration. There are also files on the birth of Euratom, the role of the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Movement, the Council of Europe and the Round Table Conference of European 'Wise Men'. To this we have added the Board of Trade's report on the likely impact of the European Community, Cabinet discussions on the Treaty of Rome and key Treasury files in UK/EEC relations, the creation of EFTA and the impact of the EEC on Commonwealth trade. A whole range of issues can be examined
through the use of these documents: The creation of a united Europe is without doubt one of the most important historical processes of the twentieth century. These documents will allow scholars and students to understand how the European Economic Community grew from the seeds of the prototype European Coal and Steel Community, to emerge as a major economic force. £1560 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files for Post-War Europe The Community shall have as its task, by
establishing a common market and an economic and monetary union
.... To promote throughout the Community a harmonious and balanced
development of economic activities, sustainable and non-inflationary
growth respecting the environment, a high degree of convergence
of economic performance, a high level of employment and of social
protection, the raising of the standard of living and quality of
life, and economic and social cohesion and solidarity among Member
States. On the 25th March 1957 the six member countries of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) - France, Belgium, the Netherlands. Luxembourg, West Germany and Italy - all signed an agreement which was to lay the foundations of the European Union as we know it today. The Treaty of Rome created the European Economic Community (colloquially called 'Common Market') and a related agreement created the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). Britain was not very enthusiastic about political and economic union, preferring free trade between independent nation states. Despite her reservations, Britain took careful steps to keep all European developments under close scrutiny; these files are proof of that. Part 2 starts with files discussing the ECSC as a basis for the EEC. The pace of change in Europe and the speed with which the EEC took shape surprised British observers. Relations between the EEC and the proposed European Free Trade Area are well documented and 9 files discuss French attitudes to EFTA. A whole range of issues can be examined
through the use of these documents: The creation of a united Europe is without doubt one of the most important historical processes of the twentieth century. These documents will allow scholars and students to understand how the European Economic Community grew from the seeds of the prototype European Coal and Steel Community, to emerge as a major economic force. £1050 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Foreign Office
Files for Post-War Europe The Community shall have as its task, by
establishing a common market and an economic and monetary union
.... To promote throughout the Community a harmonious and balanced
development of economic activities, sustainable and non-inflationary
growth respecting the environment, a high degree of convergence
of economic performance, a high level of employment and of social
protection, the raising of the standard of living and quality of
life, and economic and social cohesion and solidarity among Member
States. On the 25th March 1957 the six member countries of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) - France, Belgium, the Netherlands. Luxembourg, West Germany and Italy - all signed an agreement which was to lay the foundations of the European Union as we know it today. The Treaty of Rome created the European Economic Community (colloquially called 'Common Market') and a related agreement created the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). Britain was not very enthusiastic about political and economic union, preferring free trade between independent nation states. Despite her reservations, Britain took careful steps to keep all European developments under close scrutiny; these files are proof of that. Part 3 continues with a discussion of the French attitude towards European Integration. There are further files on the Treaty of Rome, the EEC, EFTA and the Stockholm Convention of 1960. There are also 10 files on the UK/EEC relations in the lead up to Britain's application for membership in 1961. Finally, T230/502 discusses the economic implications of UK association with the EEC and Euratom. A whole range of issues can be examined
through the use of these documents: The creation of a united Europe is without doubt one of the most important historical processes of the twentieth century. These documents will allow scholars and students to understand how the European Economic Community grew from the seeds of the prototype European Coal and Steel Community, to emerge as a major economic force. £2175 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Special Operations
Executive, 1940-1946 The SOE files have only recently been released by the Public Record Office and they have immediately become one of the most popular classes in the reading rooms. This is because: The SOE files contain some of the most exciting
and interesting stories of World War II from tales of French Resistance
to the destruction of the Norsk Hydro Plant in Norway. Many of the
SOE operations had significant repercussions after the was, from
the support given to Tito in Yugoslavia, to the training of American
Agents at Camp X. Scholars throughout the world will now have easy access to these records and can explore the impact that SOE had on the War; the successes and failures of particular operations and their circuits; and their legacy. Part 1offers a significant collection of files for the Jedburgh teams sent into France to assist Operation Overlord (HS 6/471-564). These provide insights into the complexities of allied operations during and after the Normandy landings. There is then a substantial run of Circuit and Mission Reports and Interrogations, 1944-1945, which are vital for an analysis of SOE's successes and failures in France. The role of double-agents and collaborationists is documented, together with the deaths they caused. Finally there are files dealing with actions against Vichy shipping; the Maquis; relations with French authorities; the use of Breton fishermen in sea operations; air transport operations Buick, Cadillac and Grassy involving the USAAF; SAS operations under SHAEF control; and the command and control of resistance after D-Day. Much has been written about SOE operations, but many areas of controversy remain. The publication of these files will enable scholars to debate the issues more thoroughly and assess the contribution that the SOE made. January 2001 - £900 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Special Operations
Executive, 1940-1946 The SOE files have only recently been released by the Public Record Office and they have immediately become one of the most popular classes in the reading rooms. This is because: The SOE files contain some of the most
exciting and interesting stories of World War II from tales of French
Resistance to the destruction of the Norsk Hydro Plant in Norway.
Many of the SOE operations had significant repercussions after the
was, from the support given to Tito in Yugoslavia, to the training
of American Agents at Camp X. Scholars throughout the world will now have easy access to these records and can explore the impact that SOE had on the War; the successes and failures of particular operations and their circuits; and their legacy. Part 2 includes a great deal of information on political aspects of Resistance work and scholars can consider the post-war ramifications. Relations with De Gaulle and the Free French movement are fully analysed (HS 6/308, 338, 428) including De Gaulle's failed attempts to control the section (HS 6/311-313, 318). The capture and execution of Jean Moulin, De Gualle's deputy, is featured in HS 6/241. SOE involvement in the assassination of Admiral Darlan can also be gleaned from these files. The main planning files of Section 'D' are included (HS 6/325-326) and there are detailed records of the preparations for D-Day. The demise of French resisters in the Vercors is also fully covered (HS 6/355, 361, 424-425). Much has been written about SOE operations, but many areas of controversy remain. The publication of these files will enable scholars to debate the issues more thoroughly and assess the contribution that the SOE made. February 2001 - £1350 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Special Operations
Executive, 1940-1946 The SOE files have only recently been released by the Public Record Office and they have immediately become one of the most popular classes in the reading rooms. This is because: The SOE files contain some of the most exciting
and interesting stories of World War II from tales of French Resistance
to the destruction of the Norsk Hydro Plant in Norway. Many of the
SOE operations had significant repercussions after the was, from
the support given to Tito in Yugoslavia, to the training of American
Agents at Camp X. Scholars throughout the world will now have easy access to these records and can explore the impact that SOE had on the War; the successes and failures of particular operations and their circuits; and their legacy. Part 3 provides complete coverage of SOE materials relating to Germany. Until the release of these records very little had been known or written about Section X, but this omission can now be repaired. Operation Foxley - the plot to kill Hitler - may have been garnered headlines and is fully detailed in this Part, but there is much more of interest. Intelligence reports on concentration and death camps (HS 6/627-632) reveal fresh details of Auschwitz, Dachau, Oranienburg and Buchenwald. Operation Vivacious describes the sabotage of a V2 factory and operations Frilford, Colan, Clint and others show how sabotage was used to disrupt German railway lines and communications. There are also examples of black propaganda produced by SOE defaming Axis leaders, a plot to kill Himmler and accounts of co-operation Germans to overthrow the Third Reich. Much has been written about SOE operations, but many areas of controversy remain. The publication of these files will enable scholars to debate the issues more thoroughly and assess the contribution that the SOE made. February 2001 - £1200 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Special Operations
Executive, 1940-1946 The SOE files have only recently been released
by the Public Record Office and they have immediately become one
of the most popular classes in the reading rooms. This is because: Scholars throughout the world will now have easy access to these records and can explore the impact that SOE had on the War; the successes and failures of particular operations and their circuits; and their legacy. Part 4 covering the complete SOE files for Holland provides a case study in how an entire network of agents was turned by German intelligence. The human cost of this tragedy, the role of double agents, the discovery of German penetration of the circuit, and the subsequent fall-out are all described in detail. The papers of the NORDPOL investigations are made available, including agent lists, arrests and records of executions. Other SOE activities in Holland are also dealt with including the records of operations Claude and Clarence concerning the allied airborne invasion of Arnhem. Much has been written about SOE operations, but many areas of controversy remain. The publication of these files will enable scholars to debate the issues more thoroughly and assess the contribution that the SOE made. March 2001 £525 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Special Operations
Executive, 1940-1946 The SOE files have only recently been released
by the Public Record Office and they have immediately become one
of the most popular classes in the reading rooms. This is because: Scholars throughout the world will now have easy access to these records and can explore the impact that SOE had on the War; the successes and failures of particular operations and their circuits; and their legacy. Part 5 returns to a more successful arena, documenting SOE operations in Italy after the fall of Mussolini in 1943. SOE played a central role in helping Italy to change sides in the war by providing the communication link between Italian Prime Minister Badoglio and the allies (via an operator) who had been parachuted into Italy shortly before - see HS 6/778-780). After the allied invasion of Italy, SOE organised resistance with the support of the Italian Communist Party, providing intelligence of German plans, disruption of industry and transportation and hindering German withdrawal. There are an interesting sereis of Security Interrogation Branch reports (HS 6/806-812) and files on subjects ranging from Italian recruits from the US to SOE/Soviet/NKVD relations. Much has been written about SOE operations, but many areas of controversy remain. The publication of these files will enable scholars to debate the issues more thoroughly and assess the contribution that the SOE made. February 2002 - £1560 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Special Operations
Executive, 1940-1946 Yugoslavian terrain was particularly suitable for resistance activity and various partisan armies harries the German forces of occupation mercilessly from April 1941 onwards. Colonel Draza Mihailovic led one of the largest groups of resisters. He escaped to the mountains when the German army invaded and acted as a rallying point for the army exiles, members of the Serb Agrarian Party and the Montenegran Patriotic Society. Josip Broz, the Croat Labour leader better known as Tito, was the other major resistance organiser, leading over 10,000 Partisans in 1942. One of the most difficult decisions that SOE had was in deciding which group to back. Initially, support was given to Mihailovic, but an SOE mission to the region (MACMIS) determined that support should be switched to Tito. Full details of this mission is given as to whether supporting the communists will have longer term implications. Equally, SOE agents saw advantages in befriending Tito before the Russian mission in the area had a chance to gain the ascendancy. There are also local reports compiles by SOE officers; political and strategic assessments; details of operations; propaganda; and details of couriers and suppliers. Balkan files (with much on Anglo-American and Anglo-Soviet relations in the region); together with the files for Bulgaria (where SOE concentrated on trying to win over the Bulgarian army); and the Danube (a busy operational area with much action against Axis shipping). There is much work for scholars to do in this area. How much did SOE assist the Partisans? How much did they hinder the German war effort? How difficult were the choices between the rival groups? Were SOE and the allies right to step aside at the end of the war? Did they have a choice? How did these war-time alliances affect the post-war situation? March 2002 - £1350 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Special Operations
Executive, 1940-1946 Yugoslavian terrain was particularly suitable for resistance activity and various partisan armies harries the German forces of occupation mercilessly from April 1941 onwards. Colonel Draza Mihailovic led one of the largest groups of resisters. He escaped to the mountains when the German army invaded and acted as a rallying point for the army exiles, members of the Serb Agrarian Party and the Montenegran Patriotic Society. Josip Broz, the Croat Labour leader better known as Tito, was the other major resistance organiser, leading over 10,000 Partisans in 1942. One of the most difficult decisions that SOE had was in deciding which group to back. Initially, support was given to Mihailovic, but an SOE mission to the region (MACMIS) determined that support should be switched to Tito. Full details of this mission is given as to whether supporting the communists will have longer term implications. Equally, SOE agents saw advantages in befriending Tito before the Russian mission in the area had a chance to gain the ascendancy. There are also local reports compiles by SOE officers; political and strategic assessments; details of operations; propaganda; and details of couriers and suppliers. Balkan files (with much on Anglo-American and Anglo-Soviet relations in the region); together with the files for Bulgaria (where SOE concentrated on trying to win over the Bulgarian army); and the Danube (a busy operational area with much action against Axis shipping). There is much work for scholars to do in this area. How much did SOE assist the Partisans? How much did they hinder the German war effort? How difficult were the choices between the rival groups? Were SOE and the allies right to step aside at the end of the war? Did they have a choice? How did these war-time alliances affect the post-war situation? February 2003 - £675 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Medieval and
early modern women This project's aim was to fill a definite need for original source material relating to Medieval and Early Modern Women. This first part contains important texts by key women authors; manuscripts bearing illustrations of women; and sources describing the lives of women in this period. Part 1 draws upon the manuscript resources of the British Library. It contains the first known autobiography in English - that of Margaret Kempe (c 1373-1439), the mystic and traveller - and the earliest extant English diary proper - that of Lady Margaret Hoby (1571-1633) - which started as a spirtual and confessional diary but changed over time into an account of her life. There are no less than thirteen manuscripts relating to Christine de Pisan (1363/4-1429) as the British Library is one of the foremost repositories of her work. A particular gem is Harleian 4431, known as 'the Queen's manuscript' and prepared under the author's supervision. It is a richly illuminated volume containing the majority of her works and many pictures of the author in the process of writing. There are texts of Le Livre de la Cité des Dames, Le Livre des Trois Vertus (both discussing the social position of women), the Corps de Policie, and Le Livre des fais d'Armes et de Chevalerie. Another fine text is Royal 15 E vi which was a present to Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry VI, and includes other famous Romances and Chansons de Geste. Marie de France (fl. 1181), the earliest known French woman poet , is also well represented, as she lived in England for some of her life and was much admired by English writers from the 12th century onwards. The three manuscripts featured cover various versions of her Lais - stories of love and adventure - including the famous Lay de Lanval Chevalier de Arthur Roy de Bretagne. Another beautifully illustrated manuscript is the Queen Mary Psalter (Royal 2 B vii), made for an unknown patron in the early 14th century and later presented to Queen Mary Tudor in 1553. This volume is a valuable source of iconographic data as it contains over 800 images, many documenting strong female characters from Eve to Bathsheba. Julian of Norwich (c1343-1413), considered to be one of the greatest English mystics, has the famous Revalelations of Divine Love, included in Part 1. This extraordinary record of medieval religious experience is renowned for its author's profound understanding of the Christian mysteries, for the depth of insight into her own experience and the conviction, intelligence and beauty of experience. The Revelations of S Bridget of Sweden, books i-vii, describe the life of Bridget of Sweden, founder of the Roman Catholic Order of Bridgettine Sisters and patron saint of Sweden. Since childhood she had experiences extraordinary visions, including one of Christ crucified. As she became older these visions became more powerful until one came to her in which she claimed Christ ordered her to aid in the reform of monastic life. It compelled her to move to Rome for this purpose, where she stayed for the rest of her life (bar religious pilgrimages), urging ecclesiastical reform, sheltering the homeless and counselling the rich and poor alike. Further women writers represented are:
The selection of authors within this part gives a broad perspective on the interests of medieval women writers; working as a reference point for a comprehensive study of the value systems, religious beliefs and thoughts that occupied women of the time. This stimulating range enables the scholar to study some of the most intriguing and innovative literature of the era. Access to the original primary source of these famous authors also means that these beautiful manuscripts can now be seen by many. £1100 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Masculinity,
1560-1918: Men Defining Men and Gentlemen '...there is no necessary association between being a woman and being 'feminine', and between being a man and behaving in a masculine way: girls are not necessarily caring and compassionate; boys do not have to be aggressive and competitive.' Sociology: Themes and Perspectives, Michael Haralambos and Martin Holborn, Collins Educational 1991 (Third Edition) Prescriptive literature for women has been used in the classromm and for research to explore the changing role of women from the medieval period through to the modern day. With the broadening of Gender Studies, we are pleased to offer a collection of rare advice books, manuals and literary texts relating to masculinity between 1560-1918. Men have often been regarded as the constant against which women's evolution has been charted. In particular, the model of patriarchal society has found an established, but not unchallenged, position in literature. There is now a growing debate concerning the roles of men, masculinity and sexual politics and the complexities and contradictions of these concepts. The materials presented here will help to fuel the debate and will enable scholars to analyse such stereotypes as the cad, the weakling, the sadist, the cross-dresser, the lothario, the lady's man, the brute and the gentleman. Part 1comprises 61 texts for the period 1600-1800 from the collections of the Bodleian Library, Oxford. It features: Caricatures and Essential types are revealed in hundreds of cartoons and ballads from the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. These include the knave. The cuckold, the Citt (or man of fashion) and the Noble Gallant. Descriptions of the chivalric ideal in texts such as:
Early advice books including A letter of Advice to a Young Gentleman leaving the University, concerning his behaviour in the World (1671), The father's legacy: or Counsels to his children (1678), William Darell's A Gentleman Instructed in the Conduct of a Virtuous and Happy Life (1704), James Puckle's The Club (1711), Dafoe's The Compleat Gentleman (c1728), Manners (translated from the French) (1752), Henry Venn's The Complete Duty of Man (1763) The polite academy (1771), John Andrews' Letter's to a Young Gentleman setting out for France (1784), Thomas Gisbourne's An Enquiry into the Duties of Men in the Higher and Middle Classes of Society in Great Britain (1795), B de Mauralt's Letters describing the Character and customs of the English and French Nations (1726) and Bastista Angeloni's Letters on the English Nation (1755). The power of education to shape gender roles is shown in Gilbert Burnet's Thoughts on Education (1668), John Clarke's An Essay on the Education of Youth in Grammar Schools (1720), Thomas Sheridan's A Plan for the Education of the Young Nobility and Gentry (1769), George Chapman's A Treatise on Education (1773), John Moore's A View of Society and Manners in France, Switzerland and Germany (1799) and Vicesimus Knox's Liberal Education. Masculinity and Effeminacy are explored in texts such as Samuel Foote's The Englishman in Paris (1753), John Brown's An Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times (1757) and R Hitchcock's The Macaroni (1773). Other concepts explored and documented include:
There are also useful comparisons between masculinity in Britain and France making this a project which explores the role of men in differing situations comprehensively, and in a varied range of social and professional settings. This microfilm collection is a must for any library which wished to fully explore the role of gender with in an ever-evolving society. £1560 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page East Meets West "After more than thirty years of Kaempfer studies on an international scale one thing that has become clearer than ever...It has become indispensable to return to the source- and tha means to The British Library, where the traveller's unpublished papers, acquired in 1723 an 1725 by Hans Sloane, are preserved". Detlef Haberland writing in Englebert Kaempfer, 1651-1716: A Biography (English translation, The British Library, 1996) Kaempfer's notes and observations, offering some of Europe's first detailed insights into the history and culture of Asia, fired the imaginations of so many western writers. Voltaire, Goethe, Kant and Goldsmith all made use of his writings and his voyages are said to have inspired Swift's Gulliver's Travels. This second part of East Meets West covers the vitally important records of Englebert Kaempfer, the German physician who worked for the Dutch East India Company in Nagasaki between 1690 and 1692, and who has been described as the 'First Interpreter of Japan'. Kaempfer's views arouse as much interest now as they did in 1711 when Leibniz wrote "What is Dr Kaempfer up to? Will he not publish anything about his observations made on his travels?" (Letter to Bierling, 7 July 1711). Now, some three hundred years after Kaempfer's visit, we can publish in full the manuscript notebooks in which he recorded his observations. Only a fraction were put to use in his great History of Japan. All eighteen notebooks have been included in the project and from these one is able to see why Kaempfer's work on Japan had such a long lasting influence. As one of the first westerners to leave a detailed and clear description of the interior of the country his work was invaluable, moving away from the mere rough indications that had been available previously. After a prolonged stay in Persia Kaempfer reached Nagasaki in September 1690 via posts in India, Indonesia and Thailand. He stayed on the tiny island of Deshima, specially reserved for the Dutch merchants who were the only westerners allowed contact with the Japanese. Each year, the merchants made a tribute mission to the Shogun's court in Edo (Tokyo), and Kaempfer made use of his own trips to observe life in the interior parts of the country and to record the audiences with Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. Only a handful of Europeans before Kaempfer, and none after him until Siebold and Tungberg, had the opportunity to observe Japanese life so closely in this way. Despite local laws forbidding this, Kaempfer gleaned a great deal of information on contemporary Japan through his interpreter/auxiliary who assisted him in acquiring as much material as he could, risking the threat of execution if he was exposed as a spy. Due to their genuine friendship Kaempfer built up an invaluable source of knowledge about Japan, trading Western medical knowledge or European liqueurs for information on the country. He offered the first scientific account of Japan, bringing to bear all of the medical and humanistic learning that he had received whilst studying at German, Dutch, Polish and Swedish Universities. Kaempfer's notes are extremely wide-ranging, covering flora, fauna, geography, climate, art, architecture, literature, history, amusements, work, the structure of society, urban life, agriculture, diet, religion and politics. He found a great deal to praise in Sakoku (literally, the country that shut itself up) finding it to be peace loving, cultured and well-organised. The value of this collection of notebooks was recognised by Sir Hans Sloane (1669-1753), President of the Royal Society and an indefatigable collector of first hand accounts of travels and voyages. Under the influence of John George Steigerthal (physician to George I) he brought the manuscripts and they remain a part of the Sloane manuscripts - one of the foundation collections of the British Library.These manuscript have been surveyed in a number of articles, but they have never been researched in depth. This project offers the ideal opportunity to fully explore these invaluable manuscripts. ... the rare combination of manuscript ad
author's notes not only furnishes the historian with an unadulterated
record of seventeenth century Japan and Siam, but also permits reconstruction
of the methods that led to the publication of numerous other so-called
eye-witness accounts in the period." £780 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page China through
Western Eyes: Manuscript Records of Traders, Travellers, Missionaries
and Diplomats, 1792-1942 In 1968, the National Council of Churches of Christ in the USA initiated a China Records Project. The aim of this project was to ensure the preservation of the personal records of former missionaries to China and provide a central repository where these papers would be available to historians. The Yale Divinity School Library was chosen in 1969 and has continued to solicit and accept China-related papers for the past two decades. Parts 4 & 5 of our ongoing series China Through Western Eyes contains a variety of material kept at Yale Divinity School Library, covering many aspects of life in China, historical, political, cultural and religious. Part 4: covers over fifty individual collections describing life in China from 1871-1951. Containing journals, manuscripts and documents detailing not only missionary activities in China but also day-to-day living in the country these papers provide a unique insight into many aspects of life in China.Part 5 focuses on a number of large collections, starting with the remarkable Campbell family, two generations of which were active missionaries in China from 1880-1951. The main family members represented are George Campbell (c1860-1927), his wife Jennie (1863-1939) and their two daughters Louise (1883-1968), who was principal of the Kwong Yit Girls' School in Kwantung Province and worked for forty years among the Hakka tribespeople, and Dorothy (1898-1972). Also covered are:
All of the material contained within this project is in English, with clear script, making it possible to set students project assignments to look at the experiences of individuals living in, or visiting China; as well as to explore changes over time, examining customs and cultures from the viewpoint of differing professions or genders. The material included in Parts 4&5 of China through Western Eyes is of paramount importance for all libraries interested in Asian Studies. £1560 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page China through
Western Eyes: Manuscript Records of Traders, Travellers, Missionaries
and Diplomats, 1792-1942 In 1968, the National Council of Churches of Christ in the USA initiated a China Records Project. The aim of this project was to ensure the preservation of the personal records of former missionaries to China and provide a central repository where these papers would be available to historians. The Yale Divinity School Library was chosen in 1969 and has continued to solicit and accept China-related papers for the past two decades. Parts 4 & 5 of our ongoing series China Through Western Eyes contains a variety of material kept at Yale Divinity School Library, covering many aspects of life in China, historical, political, cultural and religious. Part 4: covers over fifty individual collections describing life in China from 1871-1951. Containing journals, manuscripts and documents detailing not only missionary activities in China but also day-to-day living in the country these papers provide a unique insight into many aspects of life in China.It is particularly strong in describing:
This extract taken from 'Notes on Reports of Conferences with premier Chou En-Lai regarding the Christian Church in China' (Harry and Zela Worley, reel 70) gives the flavour of the material contained with Part 4: 'According to Premier Chou, the Chursch must bear greater responsibility, first for its Imperialist connections. Imperialism uses the Church, especially the Roman Catholic Church. Therefore the government pays special attention to the activities of the missionaries. All know that the Christian church has been linked with imperialism -- the use of force and aggression by foreign powers ... Many foreigners were unconsciously, without knowing it, used as tools of imperialism. For instance foreigners have tried to control Christian literature, opposing anything of a leftist nature. Most missionaries, it is true have no political purpose, but they cannot separate themselves from their own government, political background, culture etc., and manifestations of imperialistic thought.' Also in Part 4 is Adelia Starrett's account of the Japenese attack on Hong Kong, which vividly expresses the fear of those living in the colony at the time: 'There was nothing unusual in the dawn of December 8th in Hong Kong. The children got up a bit late and hurriedly got ready for school. Burney and Harriet went first and Peggy and Alice Ann rushed off a little later. Ann Lunn, who spent the weekend with us, had planned to go with them, but I decided to keep her a few days because her mother and teacher were both in the hospital. Ann came into our room after the children had gone, and when the air raid signal sounded she begun to ask questions and we began to think. Almost instantly bombs began to drop. Henry told me to go with Ann and the servants to the hillside while he watched the raid. Ann was crying "I want my mother" and my heart was thumping "I want my children". I was afraid that they were on the ferry crossing to Kowloon and bombs were dropping all about Kowloon and the docks. When the raid was over I ran to the telephone and called Mrs Brownell, who lived just across the street from the Diocesan Girls' School. She said that she had not seen my children but that Mr Brownell would go right down to the ferry and if he found them he would take care of them. She also told me that Japan had attacked Pearl Habor and had taken over Shanghai'. Part 5 focuses on a number of large collections, starting with the remarkable Campbell family, two generations of which were active missionaries in China from 1880-1951. The main family members represented are George Campbell (c1860-1927), his wife Jennie (1863-1939) and their two daughters Louise (1883-1968), who was principal of the Kwong Yit Girls' School in Kwantung Province and worked for forty years among the Hakka tribespeople, and Dorothy (1898-1972). Also covered are:
All of the material contained within this project is in English, with clear script, making it possible to set students project assignments to look at the experiences of individuals living in, or visiting China; as well as to explore changes over time, examining customs and cultures from the viewpoint of differing professions or genders. The material included in Parts 4&5 of China through Western Eyes is of paramount importance for all libraries interested in Asian Studies. £1560 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Church missionary
society archives: Missions to the Americans Whilst, the CMS was not heavily involved in missionary activity in the Americas there were two notable exceptions - the West Indies and Canada. The Mission to the West Indies (covered in part 1) had the obvious link to the West Africa Mission due to the ethnic origins of many of the inhabitants whilst the vast expanses of Canada were to be a fertile conversion ground for the missionaries who braved the often inhospitable conditions of the North Western Territories and British Columbia. The material which concentrates on the West Indies provides coverage for Anguilla 1936, Antigua 1818-1845, Bahamas 1834, Barbados 1820-1856, British Guiana 1825-1856, Dominica 1823, Hondura 1820-1826, Jamaica 1819-1861, Nevis 1820-1827 and 1846, Trinidad 1836-1848, St Kitts 1821 and St Vincent 1823. Within the collection are letter books, which run from 1820-1861, and mission books and original papers for the same era. The letter books provide copies of all outgoing correspondence from the Secretary in London to the missionaries and the mission secretary. As such they give a complete picture of all the issues which were to effect either London or the missionaries posted abroad. Topics which were to come to the fore in the West Indies included instructions to missionaries on arrival; correspondence with the Colonial Office re dealing with Africans liberated from the slave vessels; details on missionary salaries; progress reports on the CMS schools and enquiries regarding the education of former slaves. All of the above topics are fully covered in Part 1. The original papers comprise mostly of the documents of individual missionaries, catechists and others arranged alphabetically from Rev John Armstrong to Thomas B Youd. They provide a more personal account of work in the West Indies and cover a vast range of material touching on all aspects of missionary life. Included are committee papers; correspondence with Bishops; minutes and correspondence of auxiliary CMS societies; reports and papers re schools and education; petitions and appeals; reports of societies and missions stations; financial papers concerning CMS property; government and official papers; newspapers; and miscellaneous papers. Part 1 of Missions to Americas fully illustrates that, "In the absence of oral testimonies, the richness of personal accounts of CMS missionaries brings us close to the lives of the enslaved and the colonised in the West Indies and are indispensable source materials." (Professor Carl Campbell, Department of History, The University of he West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica). Part 2 begins the coverage of papers for Canada, starting with North-West Canada, covering the years 1821-c1880. Contained within this part are the individual letter books form 1852-1887, the letter books for 1821-1882, the mission books for 1822-1876 and the original papers for 1822-1880. The individual letter books contain private letters on all manner of subjects written by the Secretary in London to missionaries in the field. Although the majority of letters are those of condolence or censure the Secretary also writes on topics in which he has a special interest. It is also interesting to note that from 1821-1852 no letters were written between August and December as they could only be sent by the Spring and Summer ships, given scholars some idea of the harshness of the conditions in the North-Western Territories. The following extract form the Journal of Rev W Cockran gives an example of the details recorded by the missionaries when describing their work with the Indians: "April 28 1840. Out all day with an Indian lad who was ribbing the ground for to sew wheat upon. As it is the first time he had been so employed he found his work rather difficult. But the Indian has a good eye and a dextrous hand. He easily learns to hold the plough and could we only succeed in forming him to the habits of sober industry and economy his character would soon rise in the judgement of the European. The European having the fixed habits of full 1800 years of civilisation he views with contempt the tardy march of the Indian in the first generation, forgetting what his own ancestors were under similar circumstances. Held the usual meeting in the evening; few were present the most being engaged on their farms". The majority of the original papers for both Parts 2 & 3 contain the letters and papers of individual missionaries, catechists and others. They consist of a mixture of material; translations into Cree of Bible stories together with the Cree vocabulary; newspaper cuttings; drawings of Indians; a census taken of the Indians. However the greater part of the papers consists of very detailed reports and journals of the Bishops and missionaries as they travelled among the Indians throughout the mission area. They describe their meetings with the Indians and the way of life of the indigenous people, often vividly and in great detail. Part 3 continues coverage of the papers for Canada covering North-West Canada between 1822-1930 and containing more of the original papers for 1822-1880 which were begun in Part 2. Also included are the original papers for 1881-1930. The original papers for Part 3 cover up to 1880 and continues on from Part 2 with Rev William Mason to Rev Richard Young. One of the highlights of Part 3 are the issues of the Moosonee Mailbag which recorded missionary experiences throughout the area. The following extract form the issue for 1900 includes an article entitled 'From Churchill to York - on Snowshoes (Two hundred miles in seven days: six nights in the open air at 55 to 70 degrees below freezing point)'. It gives an idea of the hardships the missionaries had to endure in the extreme cold of the northern winters: "...It was impossible to take notes on the road, or at camp without freezing one's fingers and I find the various days and nights already jumbled in my mind. The sleeping bag temperature was about 50 degrees below freezing and it took nearly all my body heat to warm it, while I lay and shivered. One night I lay awake nearly all night, shaking with cold.... We took not bread, as it would freeze so hard as to beinvulnerable to axe till after a long thaw in the fire.... For meat we had venison cooked and minced with bacon and made into balls, or rissoles, with plenty of grease and then frozen hard. Some of these were put into the frying pan, thawed, broken up and heated hot; but part would again be slightly frozen before we finished out plateful". Some further highlights of the original papers give a flavour of the broad range of material which detailed the missionaries lives, ranging from newspaper cuttings to magazines to minutes and statistics, all necessary for the comprehensive documentation required for those back in London:
Part 4 will continue the series and will move onto life in British Columbia between 1855 and 1825, containing letter books, original papers and precis books for those years. £1560 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Church missionary
society archives: Missions to the Americans Whilst, the CMS was not heavily involved in missionary activity in the Americas there were two notable exceptions - the West Indies and Canada. The Mission to the West Indies (covered in part 1) had the obvious link to the West Africa Mission due to the ethnic origins of many of the inhabitants whilst the vast expanses of Canada were to be a fertile conversion ground for the missionaries who braved the often inhospitable conditions of the North Western Territories and British Columbia. The material which concentrates on the West Indies provides coverage for Anguilla 1936, Antigua 1818-1845, Bahamas 1834, Barbados 1820-1856, British Guiana 1825-1856, Dominica 1823, Hondura 1820-1826, Jamaica 1819-1861, Nevis 1820-1827 and 1846, Trinidad 1836-1848, St Kitts 1821 and St Vincent 1823. Within the collection are letter books, which run from 1820-1861, and mission books and original papers for the same era. The letter books provide copies of all outgoing correspondence from the Secretary in London to the missionaries and the mission secretary. As such they give a complete picture of all the issues which were to effect either London or the missionaries posted abroad. Topics which were to come to the fore in the West Indies included instructions to missionaries on arrival; correspondence with the Colonial Office re dealing with Africans liberated from the slave vessels; details on missionary salaries; progress reports on the CMS schools and enquiries regarding the education of former slaves. All of the above topics are fully covered in Part 1. The original papers comprise mostly of the documents of individual missionaries, catechists and others arranged alphabetically from Rev John Armstrong to Thomas B Youd. They provide a more personal account of work in the West Indies and cover a vast range of material touching on all aspects of missionary life. Included are committee papers; correspondence with Bishops; minutes and correspondence of auxiliary CMS societies; reports and papers re schools and education; petitions and appeals; reports of societies and missions stations; financial papers concerning CMS property; government and official papers; newspapers; and miscellaneous papers. Part 1 of Missions to Americas fully illustrates that, "In the absence of oral testimonies, the richness of personal accounts of CMS missionaries brings us close to the lives of the enslaved and the colonised in the West Indies and are indispensable source materials." (Professor Carl Campbell, Department of History, The University of he West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica). Part 2 begins the coverage of papers for Canada, starting with North-West Canada, covering the years 1821-c1880. Contained within this part are the individual letter books form 1852-1887, the letter books for 1821-1882, the mission books for 1822-1876 and the original papers for 1822-1880. The individual letter books contain private letters on all manner of subjects written by the Secretary in London to missionaries in the field. Although the majority of letters are those of condolence or censure the Secretary also writes on topics in which he has a special interest. It is also interesting to note that from 1821-1852 no letters were written between August and December as they could only be sent by the Spring and Summer ships, given scholars some idea of the harshness of the conditions in the North-Western Territories. The following extract form the Journal of Rev W Cockran gives an example of the details recorded by the missionaries when describing their work with the Indians: "April 28 1840. Out all day with an Indian lad who was ribbing the ground for to sew wheat upon. As it is the first time he had been so employed he found his work rather difficult. But the Indian has a good eye and a dextrous hand. He easily learns to hold the plough and could we only succeed in forming him to the habits of sober industry and economy his character would soon rise in the judgement of the European. The European having the fixed habits of full 1800 years of civilisation he views with contempt the tardy march of the Indian in the first generation, forgetting what his own ancestors were under similar circumstances. Held the usual meeting in the evening; few were present the most being engaged on their farms". The majority of the original papers for both Parts 2 & 3 contain the letters and papers of individual missionaries, catechists and others. They consist of a mixture of material; translations into Cree of Bible stories together with the Cree vocabulary; newspaper cuttings; drawings of Indians; a census taken of the Indians. However the greater part of the papers consists of very detailed reports and journals of the Bishops and missionaries as they travelled among the Indians throughout the mission area. They describe their meetings with the Indians and the way of life of the indigenous people, often vividly and in great detail. Part 3 continues coverage of the papers for Canada covering North-West Canada between 1822-1930 and containing more of the original papers for 1822-1880 which were begun in Part 2. Also included are the original papers for 1881-1930. The original papers for Part 3 cover up to 1880 and continues on from Part 2 with Rev William Mason to Rev Richard Young. One of the highlights of Part 3 are the issues of the Moosonee Mailbag which recorded missionary experiences throughout the area. The following extract form the issue for 1900 includes an article entitled 'From Churchill to York - on Snowshoes (Two hundred miles in seven days: six nights in the open air at 55 to 70 degrees below freezing point)'. It gives an idea of the hardships the missionaries had to endure in the extreme cold of the northern winters: "...It was impossible to take notes on the road, or at camp without freezing one's fingers and I find the various days and nights already jumbled in my mind. The sleeping bag temperature was about 50 degrees below freezing and it took nearly all my body heat to warm it, while I lay and shivered. One night I lay awake nearly all night, shaking with cold.... We took not bread, as it would freeze so hard as to beinvulnerable to axe till after a long thaw in the fire.... For meat we had venison cooked and minced with bacon and made into balls, or rissoles, with plenty of grease and then frozen hard. Some of these were put into the frying pan, thawed, broken up and heated hot; but part would again be slightly frozen before we finished out plateful". Some further highlights of the original papers give a flavour of the broad range of material which detailed the missionaries lives, ranging from newspaper cuttings to magazines to minutes and statistics, all necessary for the comprehensive documentation required for those back in London:
Part 4 will continue the series and will move onto life in British Columbia between 1855 and 1825, containing letter books, original papers and precis books for those years. £2310 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Church missionary
society archives: Missions to the Americans Whilst, the CMS was not heavily involved in missionary activity in the Americas there were two notable exceptions - the West Indies and Canada. The Mission to the West Indies (covered in part 1) had the obvious link to the West Africa Mission due to the ethnic origins of many of the inhabitants whilst the vast expanses of Canada were to be a fertile conversion ground for the missionaries who braved the often inhospitable conditions of the North Western Territories and British Columbia. The material which concentrates on the West Indies provides coverage for Anguilla 1936, Antigua 1818-1845, Bahamas 1834, Barbados 1820-1856, British Guiana 1825-1856, Dominica 1823, Hondura 1820-1826, Jamaica 1819-1861, Nevis 1820-1827 and 1846, Trinidad 1836-1848, St Kitts 1821 and St Vincent 1823. Within the collection are letter books, which run from 1820-1861, and mission books and original papers for the same era. The letter books provide copies of all outgoing correspondence from the Secretary in London to the missionaries and the mission secretary. As such they give a complete picture of all the issues which were to effect either London or the missionaries posted abroad. Topics which were to come to the fore in the West Indies included instructions to missionaries on arrival; correspondence with the Colonial Office re dealing with Africans liberated from the slave vessels; details on missionary salaries; progress reports on the CMS schools and enquiries regarding the education of former slaves. All of the above topics are fully covered in Part 1. The original papers comprise mostly of the documents of individual missionaries, catechists and others arranged alphabetically from Rev John Armstrong to Thomas B Youd. They provide a more personal account of work in the West Indies and cover a vast range of material touching on all aspects of missionary life. Included are committee papers; correspondence with Bishops; minutes and correspondence of auxiliary CMS societies; reports and papers re schools and education; petitions and appeals; reports of societies and missions stations; financial papers concerning CMS property; government and official papers; newspapers; and miscellaneous papers. Part 1 of Missions to Americas fully illustrates that, "In the absence of oral testimonies, the richness of personal accounts of CMS missionaries brings us close to the lives of the enslaved and the colonised in the West Indies and are indispensable source materials." (Professor Carl Campbell, Department of History, The University of he West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica). Part 2 begins the coverage of papers for Canada, starting with North-West Canada, covering the years 1821-c1880. Contained within this part are the individual letter books form 1852-1887, the letter books for 1821-1882, the mission books for 1822-1876 and the original papers for 1822-1880. The individual letter books contain private letters on all manner of subjects written by the Secretary in London to missionaries in the field. Although the majority of letters are those of condolence or censure the Secretary also writes on topics in which he has a special interest. It is also interesting to note that from 1821-1852 no letters were written between August and December as they could only be sent by the Spring and Summer ships, given scholars some idea of the harshness of the conditions in the North-Western Territories. The following extract form the Journal of Rev W Cockran gives an example of the details recorded by the missionaries when describing their work with the Indians: "April 28 1840. Out all day with an Indian lad who was ribbing the ground for to sew wheat upon. As it is the first time he had been so employed he found his work rather difficult. But the Indian has a good eye and a dextrous hand. He easily learns to hold the plough and could we only succeed in forming him to the habits of sober industry and economy his character would soon rise in the judgement of the European. The European having the fixed habits of full 1800 years of civilisation he views with contempt the tardy march of the Indian in the first generation, forgetting what his own ancestors were under similar circumstances. Held the usual meeting in the evening; few were present the most being engaged on their farms". The majority of the original papers for both Parts 2 & 3 contain the letters and papers of individual missionaries, catechists and others. They consist of a mixture of material; translations into Cree of Bible stories together with the Cree vocabulary; newspaper cuttings; drawings of Indians; a census taken of the Indians. However the greater part of the papers consists of very detailed reports and journals of the Bishops and missionaries as they travelled among the Indians throughout the mission area. They describe their meetings with the Indians and the way of life of the indigenous people, often vividly and in great detail. Part 3 continues coverage of the papers for Canada covering North-West Canada between 1822-1930 and containing more of the original papers for 1822-1880 which were begun in Part 2. Also included are the original papers for 1881-1930. The original papers for Part 3 cover up to 1880 and continues on from Part 2 with Rev William Mason to Rev Richard Young. One of the highlights of Part 3 are the issues of the Moosonee Mailbag which recorded missionary experiences throughout the area. The following extract form the issue for 1900 includes an article entitled 'From Churchill to York - on Snowshoes (Two hundred miles in seven days: six nights in the open air at 55 to 70 degrees below freezing point)'. It gives an idea of the hardships the missionaries had to endure in the extreme cold of the northern winters: "...It was impossible to take notes on the road, or at camp without freezing one's fingers and I find the various days and nights already jumbled in my mind. The sleeping bag temperature was about 50 degrees below freezing and it took nearly all my body heat to warm it, while I lay and shivered. One night I lay awake nearly all night, shaking with cold.... We took not bread, as it would freeze so hard as to beinvulnerable to axe till after a long thaw in the fire.... For meat we had venison cooked and minced with bacon and made into balls, or rissoles, with plenty of grease and then frozen hard. Some of these were put into the frying pan, thawed, broken up and heated hot; but part would again be slightly frozen before we finished out plateful". Some further highlights of the original papers give a flavour of the broad range of material which detailed the missionaries lives, ranging from newspaper cuttings to magazines to minutes and statistics, all necessary for the comprehensive documentation required for those back in London:
Part 4 will continue the series and will move onto life in British Columbia between 1855 and 1825, containing letter books, original papers and precis books for those years. £2540 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Church missionary
society archives: Missions to the Americans Whilst, the CMS was not heavily involved in missionary activity in the Americas there were two notable exceptions - the West Indies and Canada. The Mission to the West Indies (covered in part 1) had the obvious link to the West Africa Mission due to the ethnic origins of many of the inhabitants whilst the vast expanses of Canada were to be a fertile conversion ground for the missionaries who braved the often inhospitable conditions of the North Western Territories and British Columbia. The material which concentrates on the West Indies provides coverage for Anguilla 1936, Antigua 1818-1845, Bahamas 1834, Barbados 1820-1856, British Guiana 1825-1856, Dominica 1823, Hondura 1820-1826, Jamaica 1819-1861, Nevis 1820-1827 and 1846, Trinidad 1836-1848, St Kitts 1821 and St Vincent 1823. Within the collection are letter books, which run from 1820-1861, and mission books and original papers for the same era. The letter books provide copies of all outgoing correspondence from the Secretary in London to the missionaries and the mission secretary. As such they give a complete picture of all the issues which were to effect either London or the missionaries posted abroad. Topics which were to come to the fore in the West Indies included instructions to missionaries on arrival; correspondence with the Colonial Office re dealing with Africans liberated from the slave vessels; details on missionary salaries; progress reports on the CMS schools and enquiries regarding the education of former slaves. All of the above topics are fully covered in Part 1. The original papers comprise mostly of the documents of individual missionaries, catechists and others arranged alphabetically from Rev John Armstrong to Thomas B Youd. They provide a more personal account of work in the West Indies and cover a vast range of material touching on all aspects of missionary life. Included are committee papers; correspondence with Bishops; minutes and correspondence of auxiliary CMS societies; reports and papers re schools and education; petitions and appeals; reports of societies and missions stations; financial papers concerning CMS property; government and official papers; newspapers; and miscellaneous papers. Part 1 of Missions to Americas fully illustrates that, "In the absence of oral testimonies, the richness of personal accounts of CMS missionaries brings us close to the lives of the enslaved and the colonised in the West Indies and are indispensable source materials." (Professor Carl Campbell, Department of History, The University of he West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica). Part 2 begins the coverage of papers for Canada, starting with North-West Canada, covering the years 1821-c1880. Contained within this part are the individual letter books form 1852-1887, the letter books for 1821-1882, the mission books for 1822-1876 and the original papers for 1822-1880. The individual letter books contain private letters on all manner of subjects written by the Secretary in London to missionaries in the field. Although the majority of letters are those of condolence or censure the Secretary also writes on topics in which he has a special interest. It is also interesting to note that from 1821-1852 no letters were written between August and December as they could only be sent by the Spring and Summer ships, given scholars some idea of the harshness of the conditions in the North-Western Territories. The following extract form the Journal of Rev W Cockran gives an example of the details recorded by the missionaries when describing their work with the Indians: "April 28 1840. Out all day with an Indian lad who was ribbing the ground for to sew wheat upon. As it is the first time he had been so employed he found his work rather difficult. But the Indian has a good eye and a dextrous hand. He easily learns to hold the plough and could we only succeed in forming him to the habits of sober industry and economy his character would soon rise in the judgement of the European. The European having the fixed habits of full 1800 years of civilisation he views with contempt the tardy march of the Indian in the first generation, forgetting what his own ancestors were under similar circumstances. Held the usual meeting in the evening; few were present the most being engaged on their farms". The majority of the original papers for both Parts 2 & 3 contain the letters and papers of individual missionaries, catechists and others. They consist of a mixture of material; translations into Cree of Bible stories together with the Cree vocabulary; newspaper cuttings; drawings of Indians; a census taken of the Indians. However the greater part of the papers consists of very detailed reports and journals of the Bishops and missionaries as they travelled among the Indians throughout the mission area. They describe their meetings with the Indians and the way of life of the indigenous people, often vividly and in great detail. Part 3 continues coverage of the papers for Canada covering North-West Canada between 1822-1930 and containing more of the original papers for 1822-1880 which were begun in Part 2. Also included are the original papers for 1881-1930. The original papers for Part 3 cover up to 1880 and continues on from Part 2 with Rev William Mason to Rev Richard Young. One of the highlights of Part 3 are the issues of the Moosonee Mailbag which recorded missionary experiences throughout the area. The following extract form the issue for 1900 includes an article entitled 'From Churchill to York - on Snowshoes (Two hundred miles in seven days: six nights in the open air at 55 to 70 degrees below freezing point)'. It gives an idea of the hardships the missionaries had to endure in the extreme cold of the northern winters: "...It was impossible to take notes on the road, or at camp without freezing one's fingers and I find the various days and nights already jumbled in my mind. The sleeping bag temperature was about 50 degrees below freezing and it took nearly all my body heat to warm it, while I lay and shivered. One night I lay awake nearly all night, shaking with cold.... We took not bread, as it would freeze so hard as to beinvulnerable to axe till after a long thaw in the fire.... For meat we had venison cooked and minced with bacon and made into balls, or rissoles, with plenty of grease and then frozen hard. Some of these were put into the frying pan, thawed, broken up and heated hot; but part would again be slightly frozen before we finished out plateful". Some further highlights of the original papers give a flavour of the broad range of material which detailed the missionaries lives, ranging from newspaper cuttings to magazines to minutes and statistics, all necessary for the comprehensive documentation required for those back in London:
Part 4 will continue the series and will move onto life in British Columbia between 1855 and 1825, containing letter books, original papers and precis books for those years. £925 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Eighteenth Century
Journals from the Hope Collection at the Bodleian Library, Oxford The Hope Collection in the Bodleain Library
at Oxford contains one of the most interesting collections of eighteenth
century periodicals. They provide insight and insights into the
world of the period, and range widely to offer and effective coverage
of the important topics of the period. This new project brings together 76 rare journals printed between 1714 and 1799 illuminating all aspects of eighteenth century social, political and literary life. Many are ephemeral, lasting only for a handful of issues, others run for several years. Some of the titles included in Eighteenth Century Journals are The Actor, Anti-Theatre, The Bee Reviv'd, The Covent Garden Chronicle, The Free Briton, The Microcosm, Pig's Meat, The Rhapsodist, The Spy at Oxford & Cambridge, Town Talk, The Tribune, the Watchman, and The World and many more. Editors and authors include:
There are also a whole host of unidentified authors whose contributions are equally valuable for the scholar. Topics discussed include law and policing, female dress, British colonial possessions, marriage, morality, the South Sea Bubble, theatre, Alexander Pope, religion, the Reverend George Whitefield's preaching of the Gospel in North America, the '45 Rebellion and Cullonden, the American Revolution, the Irish Rebellion, the trial of Lord Gordon, the French Revolution, British Radicalism, Natural Liberty, the Blue Stockings, education, literature and the Act of Union There are polemics, poetry, letters to the press, reviews of drama and novels, contemporary adverts and essays on almost every conceivable topic. The benefit of this project is that it offers students and scholars a manageable resource with which to examine a whole range of questions relating to the eighteenth century. It also offers a wide variety of perspectives (for, against and undecided) on the debates of the day, from the presentation of drama to the relative merits of King and Liberty. Complete list of titles contained within Eighteenth Century journals
£1560 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Cabinet Papers:
The updates 1969 Update 'the Secretary of State for Defence said that the deployment of troops had gone smoothly, and that they had been welcomed by both sides; but that there were already signs that the honeymoon period was over... he was in agreement with the Home Secretary on the need to act urgently to make the situation less explosive; but at the same time, he wished to stress the importance of not pushing too hard and so alienating the Protestant opinion'. CAB 128/46 (6&) 41 The last years of Wilson's government were to prove turbulent. Providing the complete run of Minutes and Memoranda for 1969, the 2000 Annual Update contains documents relating to both the ongoing business of government; such as the economy, defence, international relations, as well as to some important and controversial legislation passed that year including the Divorce Reform Act, the Matrimonial Property Act and the abolition of the death penalty. Recently released under the thirty year rule, these papers allow one to examine how effectively events with Northern Ireland and the trade unions were dealt with; and what were the factors that lead to Labour losing the 1970 General Election. 1969 was the year that witnessed First Secretary Barbara Castle's attempts to introduce trade union legislation in her In Place of Strife proposals. The resulting arguments split the Labour Party and almost brought down the Wilson government with opposition to the threat of penal powers being fierce. The thought of a Labour government bringing the law into the world of industrial relations for the first time since the 1926 General Strike abhorred many, with Callaghan being one of the most visible MP's willing to vote against Wilson on the issue. There is a vast amount of material on industrial relations contained within the 1969 update, allowing assessment of the Cabinet's handling of the affair. Having survived the In Place of Strife crisis, the summer of 1969 brought a fresh problem to the government in the form of rioting in Northern Ireland. Including all of the minutes and memoranda relating to the problems which were to result in British troops arriving in the province, the 1969 update documents the foundations which were to lead to thirty years of strife. 1970 was to begin with slightly less problems for Wilson, with an upturn in the polls as the events of the previous year faded into the distance. Tony Benn's enthusiasm at the Ministry of Technology was showing breathtaking signs of modernity in the shape of Concorde, the high-speed train and planning of the Humber bridge. Roy Jenkins was also showing signs of real success at the Treasury with the Balance of Payments in the black to the tune of £286 million. But despite these cheering signs Wilson was to suffer defeats at the polls in the heat of June 1970. Was this due to the downturn in voting attendance or had 1969 made the grassroots labour supporters stay at home, tired of Wilson's issueless, 'safety-first compaign'? The updates offer the chance to assess the effectiveness of sixties Labour, completing in a collection of the most essential documentation needed to assess the successes and failures of Harold Wilson and his Labour government. £300 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Cabinet Papers:
The updates 1970 Update 'the Secretary of State for Defence said that the deployment of troops had gone smoothly, and that they had been welcomed by both sides; but that there were already signs that the honeymoon period was over... he was in agreement with the Home Secretary on the need to act urgently to make the situation less explosive; but at the same time, he wished to stress the importance of not pushing too hard and so alienating the Protestant opinion'. CAB 128/46 (6&) 41 The last years of Wilson's government were to prove turbulent. Providing the complete run of Minutes and Memoranda for 1969, the 2000 Annual Update contains documents relating to both the ongoing business of government; such as the economy, defence, international relations, as well as to some important and controversial legislation passed that year including the Divorce Reform Act, the Matrimonial Property Act and the abolition of the death penalty. Recently released under the thirty year rule, these papers allow one to examine how effectively events with Northern Ireland and the trade unions were dealt with; and what were the factors that lead to Labour losing the 1970 General Election. 1969 was the year that witnessed First Secretary Barbara Castle's attempts to introduce trade union legislation in her In Place of Strife proposals. The resulting arguments split the Labour Party and almost brought down the Wilson government with opposition to the threat of penal powers being fierce. The thought of a Labour government bringing the law into the world of industrial relations for the first time since the 1926 General Strike abhorred many, with Callaghan being one of the most visible MP's willing to vote against Wilson on the issue. There is a vast amount of material on industrial relations contained within the 1969 update, allowing assessment of the Cabinet's handling of the affair. Having survived the In Place of Strife crisis, the summer of 1969 brought a fresh problem to the government in the form of rioting in Northern Ireland. Including all of the minutes and memoranda relating to the problems which were to result in British troops arriving in the province, the 1969 update documents the foundations which were to lead to thirty years of strife. 1970 was to begin with slightly less problems for Wilson, with an upturn in the polls as the events of the previous year faded into the distance. Tony Benn's enthusiasm at the Ministry of Technology was showing breathtaking signs of modernity in the shape of Concorde, the high-speed train and planning of the Humber bridge. Roy Jenkins was also showing signs of real success at the Treasury with the Balance of Payments in the black to the tune of £286 million. But despite these cheering signs Wilson was to suffer defeats at the polls in the heat of June 1970. Was this due to the downturn in voting attendance or had 1969 made the grassroots labour supporters stay at home, tired of Wilson's issueless, 'safety-first compaign'? The updates offer the chance to assess the effectiveness of sixties Labour, completing in a collection of the most essential documentation needed to assess the successes and failures of Harold Wilson and his Labour government. January 2001 - £300 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Cabinet Papers:
The Updates When the Tories came back into power at the beginning of the 1970's few were to see the troubles which were to besiege the government throughout their term in office. The four updates which form Part 7 of Cabinet papers follow each step of the Ted Heath ear as the Conservative party attempted to come to terms with increasing industrial unrest, heightening problems in Northern Ireland, an economy spinning out of control and a shifting change in the attitudes of British Society. Covered within these papers are:
Heath has often been criticised for a lack of charisma, for standing alone and not fostering a sense of community as Prime Minister. These papers allow one to assess his handling of government as crisis after crisis assailed the Conservative Party. His prime achievement, that of Britain's entry into Europe is fully documented, included the public's less than warm welcome of the Common Market. Either individually or as the seventh part in out on-going series of Cabinet Minutes and Memoranda one can assess how Britain changed dramatically in this period; how the Heath Government adapted to these changes and how well they faired in comparison to their predecessors. January 2001 - £300 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Cabinet Papers:
The Updates When the Tories came back into power at the beginning of the 1970's few were to see the troubles which were to besiege the government throughout their term in office. The four updates which form Part 7 of Cabinet papers follow each step of the Ted Heath ear as the Conservative party attempted to come to terms with increasing industrial unrest, heightening problems in Northern Ireland, an economy spinning out of control and a shifting change in the attitudes of British Society. Covered within these papers are:
Heath has often been criticised for a lack of charisma, for standing alone and not fostering a sense of community as Prime Minister. These papers allow one to assess his handling of government as crisis after crisis assailed the Conservative Party. His prime achievement, that of Britain's entry into Europe is fully documented, included the public's less than warm welcome of the Common Market. Either individually or as the seventh part in out on-going series of Cabinet Minutes and Memoranda one can assess how Britain changed dramatically in this period; how the Heath Government adapted to these changes and how well they faired in comparison to their predecessors. January 2002 - £300 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Cabinet Papers:
The Updates When the Tories came back into power at the beginning of the 1970's few were to see the troubles which were to besiege the government throughout their term in office. The four updates which form Part 7 of Cabinet papers follow each step of the Ted Heath ear as the Conservative party attempted to come to terms with increasing industrial unrest, heightening problems in Northern Ireland, an economy spinning out of control and a shifting change in the attitudes of British Society. Covered within these papers are:
Heath has often been criticised for a lack of charisma, for standing alone and not fostering a sense of community as Prime Minister. These papers allow one to assess his handling of government as crisis after crisis assailed the Conservative Party. His prime achievement, that of Britain's entry into Europe is fully documented, included the public's less than warm welcome of the Common Market. Either individually or as the seventh part in out on-going series of Cabinet Minutes and Memoranda one can assess how Britain changed dramatically in this period; how the Heath Government adapted to these changes and how well they faired in comparison to their predecessors. January 2003 - £300 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Cabinet Papers:
The Updates When the Tories came back into power at the beginning of the 1970's few were to see the troubles which were to besiege the government throughout their term in office. The four updates which form Part 7 of Cabinet papers follow each step of the Ted Heath ear as the Conservative party attempted to come to terms with increasing industrial unrest, heightening problems in Northern Ireland, an economy spinning out of control and a shifting change in the attitudes of British Society. Covered within these papers are:
Heath has often been criticised for a lack of charisma, for standing alone and not fostering a sense of community as Prime Minister. These papers allow one to assess his handling of government as crisis after crisis assailed the Conservative Party. His prime achievement, that of Britain's entry into Europe is fully documented, included the public's less than warm welcome of the Common Market. Either individually or as the seventh part in out on-going series of Cabinet Minutes and Memoranda one can assess how Britain changed dramatically in this period; how the Heath Government adapted to these changes and how well they faired in comparison to their predecessors. January 2004 - £300 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page Cabinet Papers:
The Updates When the Tories came back into power at the beginning of the 1970's few were to see the troubles which were to besiege the government throughout their term in office. The four updates which form Part 7 of Cabinet papers follow each step of the Ted Heath ear as the Conservative party attempted to come to terms with increasing industrial unrest, heightening problems in Northern Ireland, an economy spinning out of control and a shifting change in the attitudes of British Society. Covered within these papers are:
Heath has often been criticised for a lack of charisma, for standing alone and not fostering a sense of community as Prime Minister. These papers allow one to assess his handling of government as crisis after crisis assailed the Conservative Party. His prime achievement, that of Britain's entry into Europe is fully documented, included the public's less than warm welcome of the Common Market. Either individually or as the seventh part in out on-going series of Cabinet Minutes and Memoranda one can assess how Britain changed dramatically in this period; how the Heath Government adapted to these changes and how well they faired in comparison to their predecessors. January 2005 - £300 Adam Matthew Publications Home Page
2003 | Earlier publications: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
September 2002 |
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