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March 11
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11 March is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (71st in Leap year). There are 295 days remaining. In the Western World, especially Western Europe, the name of the date has become synonym for the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings.
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Events
- 1513 - Leo X is elected Pope.
- 1649 - The Frondeurs (rebels) and the French government sign the Peace of Rueil.
- 1702 - The first regular English-language newspaper, The Daily Courant, is published in London.
- 1708 - Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from a militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.
- 1824 - The United States War Department creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
- 1845 - The Flagstaff War: In New Zealand, Chiefs Hone Heke and Kawiti lead 700 Maoris to chop down the British flagpole and drive settlers out of the British colonial settlement of Kororareka because of breaches of the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi.
- 1861 - American Civil War: The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.
- 1864 - The Great Sheffield Flood: The largest man-made disaster ever to befall England kills over 250 people in Sheffield.
- 1888 - The Great Blizzard of '88 begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400.
- 1897 - A meteorite enters the earth's atmosphere and explodes over New Martinsville, West Virginia. The debris causes damage but no human injuries are reported.
- 1900 - Second Boer War: Boer leader Paul Kruger's peace overtures are rejected by Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Lord Salisbury.
- 1917 - Baghdad falls to the Anglo-Indian forces commanded by General Maude.
- 1927 - In New York City, Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens the Roxy Theatre.
- 1936 - British Prime Minister pardons five convicted Irish militants who promise to join growing conflict with Germany.
- 1941 - World War II: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the Allies on loan.
- 1942 - World War II: General Douglas MacArthur abandons Corregidor.
- 1959 - In Cannes, France, Teddy Scholten wins the fourth Eurovision Song Contest for the Netherlands singing "Een beetje" (A little bit).
- 1966 - President Sukarno of Indonesia was forced to give up his executive power.
- 1966 - A fire at two ski resorts in Numata, Japan kills 31 people.
- 1966 - Henry "Dickie" Marrow is murdered in a violent racially-motivated crime in Oxford, N.C..
- 1977 - 130+ hostages held in Washington, D.C., by Hanafi Muslims were set free after ambassadors from three Islamic nations joined negotiations.
- 1978 - Nine Palestinian Al Fatah guerillas hijack a bus in Israel, killing 34 civilians and wounding 70 before being killed by security forces. The Israelis retaliate by invading southern Lebanon three days later, under codename Operation Litani.
- 1983 - Bob Hawke becomes 23rd Prime Minister of Australia.
- 1985 - Mikhail Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader.
- 1988 - Iran-Iraq War: Cease Fire declared.
- 1990 - Lithuania declares itself independent from the Soviet Union.
- 1990 - Patricio Aylwin is sworn-in as the first democratically elected Chilean president since 1970.
- 1991 - A curfew is imposed on black townships in South Africa after fighting between rival political gangs kills 49.
- 1993 - Janet Reno is confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn-in the next day, becoming the first female Attorney General of the United States.
- 1996 - John Howard comes to power as the twenty-fifth Prime Minister of Australia.
- 1997 - An explosion at a nuclear waste reprocessing plant in Japan exposes 35 workers to low-level radioactive contamination in the worst nuclear accident in Japan's history.
- 1999 - Infosys becomes the first Indian company listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange.
- 2003 - The International Criminal Court is founded in The Hague.
- 2004 - Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid kill 191 people.
- 2005 - Judge Rowland Barnes, court reporter Julie Brandau and deputy Hoyt Teasley are all murdered in the Fulton County Courthouse in Atlanta, Georgia; the main suspect being Brian Nichols who surrendered to police on the 12th.
- 2007 - Daylight saving time will be extended another four to five weeks, from the second Sunday of March to the first Sunday of November
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Births
- 1544 - Torquato Tasso, Italian poet (d. 1595)
- 1725 - Henry Benedict Stuart, pretender to the throne of Great Britain (d. 1807)
- 1785 - John McLean, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1861)
- 1863 - Andrew Stoddart, English cricketer
- 1876 - Carl Ruggles, American composer (d. 1971)
- 1880 - Harry H. Laughlin, American eugenicist (d. 1943)
- 1885 - Malcolm Campbell, English race car driver (d. 1948)
- 1890 - Vannevar Bush, American engineer and politician (d. 1974)
- 1892 - Raoul Walsh, American film director (d. 1980)
- 1898 - Dorothy Gish, American actress (d. 1968)
- 1899 - King Frederick IX of Denmark (d. 1972)
- 1903 - Ronald Syme, New Zealand classicist and historian (d. 1989)
- 1903 - Lawrence Welk, American musician (d. 1992)
- 1910 - Robert Havemann, German chemist (d. 1982)
- 1915 - Hans Peter Keller, German writer (d. 1988)
- 1916 - Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
- 1920 - Nicolaas Bloembergen, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1921 - Frank Harary, American mathematician (d. 2005)
- 1921 - Astor Piazzolla, Argentine composer (d. 1992)
- 1926 - Reverend Ralph Abernathy, American civil rights leader (d. 1990)
- 1927 - Robert Mosbacher, United States Secretary of Commerce
- 1928 - Albert Salmi, American actor (d. 1990)
- 1929 - Timothy Carey, American actor (d. 1994)
- 1931 - Rupert Murdoch, Australian-born publisher and entrepreneur
- 1934 - Sam Donaldson, American reporter
- 1936 - Antonin Scalia, U.S. Supreme Court Justice
- 1939 - Flaco Jiménez, American musician
- 1948 - Dominique Sanda, French actress
- 1950 - Bobby McFerrin, American singer
- 1950 - Jerry Zucker, American producer, director, and writer
- 1952 - Douglas Adams, English writer (d. 2001)
- 1955 - Nina Hagen, German singer
- 1958 - Anissa Jones, American actress (d. 1976)
- 1959 - Nina Hartley, American actress
- 1961 - Elias Koteas, Canadian actor
- 1963 - Alex Kingston, English actress
- 1964 - Vinnie Paul, American drummer (Pantera)
- 1964 - Shane Richie, British actor
- 1965 - Lawrence Llewelyn-Bowen, British television presenter
- 1968 - Lisa Loeb, American singer
- 1971 - Johnny Knoxville, American television personality
- 1974 - Bobby Abreu, baseball player
- 1978 - Didier Drogba, Ivory Coast footballer
- 1979 - Benji Madden, American musician (Good Charlotte)
- 1979 - Joel Madden, American musician (Good Charlotte)
- 1981 - David Anders, American actor
- 1981 - Lee Evans, American football player
- 1981 - Russell Lissack, English musician (Bloc Party)
- 1982 - Thora Birch, American actress
- 1989 - Anton Yelchin, Russian-born actor
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Deaths
- 222 - Elagabalus, Roman Emperor
- 222 - Julia Soaemias, mother of Elagabalus (b. 180)
- 1198 - Marie de Champagne, daughter of Louis VII of France (b. 1145)
- 1486 - Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg (b. 1414)
- 1514 - Donato Bramante, Italian architect (b. 1444)
- 1575 - Matthias Flacius, Croatian protestant reformer (b. 1520)
- 1602 - Emilio de' Cavalieri, Italian composer
- 1607 - Giovanni Maria Nanino, Italian composer
- 1722 - John Toland, Irish philosopher (b. 1670)
- 1759 - John Forbes, British general (b. 1710)
- 1786 - Charles Humphreys, American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1714)
- 1847 - Johnny Appleseed, American pioneer agronomist (b. 1774)
- 1854 - Willard Richards, American religious leader (b. 1804)
- 1869 - Vladimir Odoevsky, Russian philosopher and writer (b. [1803]])
- 1870 - King Moshoeshoe I of Lesotho
- 1907 - Jean Casimir-Périer, French politician (b. 1847)
- 1908 - Revd Benjamin Waugh, American activist (b. 1839)
- 1920 - Julio Garavito Armero, Colombian astronomer (b. 1865)
- 1931 - F.W. Murnau, German director (b. 1888)
- 1955 - Alexander Fleming, Scottish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1881)
- 1957 - Admiral Richard E. Byrd, American explorer (b. 1888)
- 1967 - Geraldine Farrar, American soprano (b. 1882)
- 1969 - John Wyndham, British author (b. 1903)
- 1970 - Erle Stanley Gardner, American novelist (b. 1889)
- 1971 - Philo T. Farnsworth, American television pioneer (b. 1906)
- 1971 - Whitney Young, American civil rights leader (b. 1921)
- 1977 - Ulysses S. Grant IV, American geologist and paleontologist (b. 1893)
- 1978 - Claude François, French singer
- 2002 - James Tobin, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
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Holidays and observances
- Lithuania - Reestablishment of Lithuania's Independence
- Lesotho - Moshoeshoe Day
- Red Nose Day in the United Kingdom
- Zambia - Youth Day
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External links
March 10 - March 12 - February 11 - April 11 -- listing of all days
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