{{Islam}} For other views of Sahaba and a short description, see Sahaba. == Introduction == === Ahl al-Bayt === While Sunni accept the testimony of all Sahaba as a authenticated part of the chain of narrators in a hadith, '''without''' scrutinizing them, Shia do that only for the Ahl_al-Bayt. This is due to that Shia believes them to be thoroughly cleansed from all sin, as described in Hadith_of_the_Cloak. Others are scrutinizied for reliability. === Sahaba === Regarding the other parts of chain of narration, all people are up for scrutinize. There is no distinction made between a Sahaba and a Taba'een or anyone else regarding trustworthiness, everyone have the same demand to prove or disprove their trustworthiness. Therefor, Shia look at each Sahaba as an individual, preferring some above others. While Sunni rank the Sahaba according to when they embraced Islam, Shia do not have a ranking system. Rather, they have a individual view of each one, according to what they did during their life. In fact, a Sahaba who engaged in open warfare against the Ahl al-Bayt have their trustworthiness reduced to near nothing in the Shia view. Furthermore, Shia assume as self-evident that a sahabi that is Fasiq is going to hell. In fact, under the doctrine of Tabarra, it is obligatory for a Shi'a to disassociate from such a person. Shias consider that any Hadith where Muhammad is claimed to have, in one way or another, absolved all Sahaba from sin or elevated their trustworthiness is false. Shias claim that, in most cases, such hadiths have been reported by those who opposed the Ahl_al-Bayt. On the other hand, the Sahaba that are agreed to have sacrificed life and property for the sake of Muhammad are held in a very positive view, and under the doctrine of Tawalla, it is obligatory for a Shi'a to love such a person. === Merit for seeing Muhammad === Shias acknowledge no merit per se for having either seen Muhammad or having been related to him in any way. In other words, it is up to the individual to decide how much he or she is prepared to benefit from Muhammad's companionship. Therefore, Shias have different views on each Sahabi, depending on what he or she accomplished. In the Shia view, some Sahaba lived lives contrary to Islamic teaching. Shias support their arguments using verses from the Qur'an, in particular, in relation to Muhammad's wives: [66.10] ''Gsets forth '''an example''' to those who disbelieve: the wife of Nuh and the wife of Lut: they were both under two of '''Our righteous servants''', but they acted '''treacherously towards them''' so they availed them naught against Allah, and it was said: '''Enter both the fire''' with those who enter. Shias also support their view by citing the following verses addressing Muhammad's wives: [33.30] ''O wives of the prophet! whoever of you commits an '''open indecency''', the '''punishment shall be increased to her doubly'''; and this IS easy to Allah. [33.31] ''And whoever of you is obedient to Allah and His Apostle and '''does good''', We will give to her her '''reward doubly''', and We have prepared for her an honorable sustenance. In other words, Shias view a sahabi who ''"commits an open indecency"'' as being twice as blameworthy, because he or she was in the presence of God's best creation, Muhammad, and thus should have been inspired to act justly. Also, a sahabi who ''"is obedient to God and His Messenger and does good"'' is considered twice as admirable, because he or she received Muhammad's direct guidance and aided him and his Ahl al-Bayt. A further verse that is used is: [9.101] ''And from among those who are round about you of the dwellers of the desert there are '''hypocrites''', and from among the people of '''Medina (also)'''; they are '''stubborn in hypocrisy'''; you do not know them; We know them; '''We will chastise them twice''' then shall they be turned back to a grievous chastisement === Detailed list === There is no standardized guideline of status according to the Shia school of thought, a Shia consensus can not established regarding a detailed list based on rank. However there is a general consensus on a approximate view of each Sahaba, in the same way that most people would think very badly of Adolf_Hitler and Ted_Bundy and very well of Mahatma_Ghandi and Jesus. It would be impossible to establish a list showing the approximate view of each Sahaba for all the people in the world, since most people have very different frames of preference. However, it is much easier to do so if the targeted group have a similar frame of preference. Most Shias have the same frame of preference regarding the relevant issues, since most disagreements between the Shi'as sects start after Husayn ibn Ali's era. This, and all sects being minority to the Twelvers, explains why almost all Shi'a have a very similar frame of preference regarding the Sahaba, making this list relevant and accurate in the field of Social_sciences rather then Hard_science. Shi'as can in general be expected to have a certain view on each Sahaba after having understood what relevant actions (in the Shia point of view) the specific Sahaba have accomplished during his or her life. This is in contrast to Sunnis. Egyptian and Saudi_Arabian have in general different views on, for example, Muawiya_ibn_Abu_Sufyan, one more favorable and the other more dim, however, both are within the Sunni doctrines that claim the Uprightness_of_all_Sahaba and go to heaven. === This list === The list of Sahaba includes events that are relevant (in the Shia point of view) for establishing a view, ranked accordingly to their general perceived status. The Ahl_ul-Bayt are not included in this list, since the list revolves around them. ---- == The list of the Shi'a view of the Sahaba== === strongly positive view === ''This can be defined as sahaba that Shi'a believes to have '''in action aided''' the Ahl ul-Bayt and are expected to go to the '''higher levels of heaven''', although God knows best. 17 included so far '''''Famous sahaba''''': '''Ja'far_ibn_Abu_Talib''' ''Ali's brother. '''Abdullah_ibn_Ja'far''' ''Zainab bint Alis husband. '''Harith_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib''' ''(insert text) '''Obaidah_ibn_al-Harith''' '' was the first Muslim to be killed in battle. He was a cousin of Muhammad and Ali, and he was the first Martyr of the battle of Badr. '''Abu_Talib_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib''' ''is in contrast to Sunnis considered Muslim by Shias, arguing that Ali inherited him which would be forbidden if he where an unbeliever. '''Aminah_bint_Wahab''' ''was Muhammads mother and Muslim, although she was died before Muhammads call. '''Fatima_bint_Asad''' ''was Alis mother and like a mother to Muhammad. '''Salman_the_Persian''' ''gave Muhammad the idea to dig the trench, is said that he was elevated in merited to the same level as the Ahl ul-Bayt. He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Bilal ibn Ribah''' ''stopped singing the Adhan after Muhammad as his protest of Ali's right being usurped. Was highly praised by Imam Jafar al-Sadiq as a lover of Ahl_ul-Bayt. '''Abu_Dharr_Ghifari''' ''is called by Muhammed as "the most truthful man between heaven and earth", loudly opposed Uthmans caliphat, was exiled to death by Uthman. '''Abdullah_ibn_Abbas''' ''was a staunch follower of Ali. Did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. Accompanied Ali when he demanded his inheritance from Umar and sought very badly of Umar and Abu Bakr. Strongly argued against Umars prohibition of temporary marriage. Convinced 20'000 of 24'000 the Khawarij to return to Ali. Cried at the age of 70 when recalling Umar calling Muhammad "Delirius". '''Malik_ibn_Ashter''' ''was Ali's general when he came close to killing Muaviya, then became his governor, has long and beautiful letter addressed to him in Nahj_ul-Balagha in which Ali gives guidance in how to uphold a government. That letter was reffered to in the United Nations as a advice to arabs. '''Ammar_ibn_Yasir''' ''was killed by Muawiyas army in the Battle_of_Siffin when he was 90 years old, as predicted by Muhammad. '''Hamza_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib''' ''had his body desecrated in the Battle_of_Uhud by Hind_binte_Utbah '''Muhammad_ibn_Abu_Bakr''' ''was Abu Bakr's son and a great companion of Ali. He was choosen to govern Egypt, killed and tortured by Muawiya. He was against Uthmans rule. '''Umm_Khultum_bint_Ali''' ''was taken to Yazids palace after the Battle_of_Karbala. '''Zaynab_bint_Ali''' ''was taken to Yazids palace after the Battle_of_Karbala. '''Khabbab_ibn_al-Aratt''' ''was a great roll model in life. '''''Less famous sahaba''''': '''Akib_ibn_Usaid''' ''was the first governor of Makkah. ---- === positive view === ''This can be defined as sahaba that Shia believes to have '''in words aided''' the Ahl ul-Bayt and are expected to go to the '''heaven''', although God knows best. 28 included so far '''''Famous sahaba''''': '''Aqeel_ibn_Abu_Talib''' ''(insert motivation) '''Talib_ibn_Abu_Talib''' ''(insert motivation) '''Abbas_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib''' ''(insert motivation) '''Asma_bint_Umais''' ''was Abu Bakr's wife. When Abu Bakr died, she married Ali. '''Miqdad_ibn_al-Aswad_al-Kindi''' ''(insert motivation) '''Zaid_ibn_Arqam''' ''reiterated the hadith of thaqalyan in Sahi Muslim. '''Sa'ad_ibn_Mu'adh''' ''(insert motivation) '''Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_Abu_Bakr''' ''(insert motivation) '''''Less famous sahaba''''': '''Zaid_mawla_Muhammad''' ''was the freed slave of Muahmamd and the father of Usama. '''Usama_ibn_Zaid''' ''was made commander over Umar, Abu Bakr and Uthman at the age of 18 a few days before Muhammad's demise. When Umar and others protested regarding his young age, Muhammad silenced the protests. '''Ubaidullah_bin_Abdullah''' ''retold the Event_of_the_pen_and_paper as he heard from Ibn Abbas. '''Lubaynah''' ''accepted Islam, and Umar who had not accepted Islam by that time would beat her mercilessly until he was tired. He would then say, "I have only stopped beating you, because I am tired." She would say. "May God treat you in the same way". '''Fazl_ibn_Abbas''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Khalid_ibn_Sa'id_ibn_al-As''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Buraida_Aslami''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Ubai_ibn_Ka'b''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Khuzaima_ibn_Thabit_Dhu'sh-Shahadatain''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Abu'l-Hathama_Bin_Tihan''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Sahl_ibn_Hunaif''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Uthman_ibn_Hunaif_Dhu'sh-Shahadatain''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Abu_Ayub_Ansari''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Jabir_Ibn_Abdullah_Ansari''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Hudhaifa_ibn_Yaman''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Sa'd_ibn_Ubaida''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Qais_ibn_Sa'd''' ''He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. '''Malik_ibn_Nuwayra''' ''was killed by Khalid_ibn_Walid before his wife was raped and killed. '''Layla_bint_al-Minhal ''' ''was Malik ibn Nuwayras widow that got raped and killed by Khalid_ibn_Walid '''Arwa_bint_Abd_al-Muttalib ''' ''was one of the meritorious women. ---- === neutral view === ''This can be defined as sahaba that Shia believes to have '''held a neutral position''' to Ahl ul-Bayt, or later on '''changed their position'''. No general expected view regardin their aftelife. 9 included so far '''''Famous sahaba''''': '''Talha''' ''(insert motivation) '''Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam''' ''aided Ali in the Shed_of_bani_Saad and refused to give allegiance to Abu Bakr, gave again allegiance when Ali was selected as Caliph, then broke that allegiance and went to war with him in the Battle of the Camel, and ultimately left that battle to be killed by people in Ali's army, against Ali's wishes.'' '''Abdullah ibn Zubayr''' ''turned his father against Ali, argued with ibn Abbas for the legitimacy of the ban against temporary marriage, fought Yazid for the Caliphat. '''Sa'ad_ibn_Abi_Waqqas''' ''(insert motivation) '''Abdullah_Umar_ibn_Abbas''' ''did not give oath of allegiance to Yazid '''''Less famous sahaba''''': '''Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_Awf''' ''demanded that Ali was to follow the Quran, the way of Muhammad and also the way of Umar and Abu Bakr in order to be the third Caliph. Ali refused, Uthman became Caliph. '''Um_Ruman''' ''was Abu Bakr wife '''Abu_Ubayda_ibn_al-Jarrah''' ''(insert motivation) '''Said_ibn_Zayd''' ''(insert motivation) ---- === negative view === ''This can be defined as sahaba that Shia believes to have '''in words opposed''' the Ahl ul-Bayt and are expected to '''initialy go to hell''', althought God knows best. 7 included so far '''''Famous sahaba''''': '''Anas_ibn_Malik''' ''was famous for his disillusionment towards Ali '''Abdullah ibn Umar''' ''contradicted his father regarding temporary marriage and also other of his misunderstandings, did not give oath of allegiance to Ali, disliked Ali, gave his oath of allegiance to Muawiya and received hundreds of thousands of dirham from him. He gave his oath to Yazid and demanded that no one that had done the same may oppose Yazid. '''Abu_Huraira''' ''was severely beaten by Umar ibn al-Khattab on several occasions, once when he was fired as governor while being accused of theft. Umar also called him a liar and forbade him to narrate ahadith from Muhammad. Later he strated to work for Muawiya as a irreligious serial fabricator of false hadith. '''Abu_Sufyan_ibn_Harb''' ''for he was Muhammads arch enemy and Muawiyas step father. '''''Less famous sahaba''''': '''Abdullah_bin_Aamir_Hadhrami''' ''was assigned as guvernor by Uthman. '''Ziyad_ibn_Abu_Sufyan''' ''father of Ubayd-Allah_ibn_Ziyad, the man that killed Muslim_ibn_Aqeel ---- === strongly negative view === ''This can be defined as sahaba that Shia believes to have '''in action opposed''' the Ahl ul-Bayt and are expected to go to the '''deepest levels of hell''', althought God knows best. 8 included so far '''''Famous sahaba''''': '''Amr_ibn_al-As''' ''aided Muawiya during the Battle_of_Siffin and on his order poisoned Malik_ibn_Ashter. '''Hind_bint_Utbah''' ''was Abu_Sufiyan_ibn_Harb wife and Muawiyas mother. She desecrated the body of Hamza_ibn_Abdul_Muttalib in the battle of Uhud. '''Abu Bakr ibn abu Qahafa''' ''with Umars help he usurped Ali's caliphate and Fatima Zaharas inheritance and the land of Fadak, gifted to her by Muhammad after having violated Muahmmads order by leaving Usama's dispatchment. He made Khalid_ibn_Walid his general and protected Khalids atrocities from Umars wrath. '''Umar_ibn_al-Khattab''' ''Regarded as an unholy and ignorant usurper and illegitimate leader; see his main Wikipedia entry for partial further details of the Shia view (and the sharply contrasting Sunni view). '''Uthman_ibn_Affan''' ''Established a hereditary system of government, gave enormous amount of money to the Umayyed, doubled the morning prayer, gave Muawiya power, continued with Umar's bid'ah, sent Abu_Dharr_Ghifari to Muawiya and then sent him to exile where he died, returned Marwan ibn Al-Hakam from Muhammads exile. '''Khalid_ibn_al-Walid''' ''murdered muslims during Muhammad's life. After Muhammad's departure, he and Umar on Abu Bakrs order broke in to Ali's house, giving Fatima a deadly injury, and dragged Ali to Abu Bakr. Khalid mercilessly butchered a whole tribe of devout Muslims. Afterwords he raped and then killed one of the widows, Layla_Bint_al-Minhal. After that it became a routine for the Muslim rulers and commanders to kill, loot and plunder the Muslim communities for worldly gains. Labeled a Fasiq muslim. '''Muaviya ibn Abu Sufyan''' ''opposed Alis caliphat, broke his agreement with Hasan, poisoned Hasan, established the 80 year long practice of cursing Ali and lastly but not least: Allowed Yazid to come into power. labled a Munafiq muslim. '''Marwan ibn al-Hakam''' ''killed his commander Talha. '''''Less famous sahaba''''': == uncategorised== This Sahaba have not been ranked accordinly to the Shia view. You can help Wikipedia by doing that. The list is divided in parts to make it easier to overview === part 1 === *Zayd ibn Harithah *Uthman ibn Maz'un *Mus'ab ibn 'Umayr *Ja'far ibn Abi Talib *Ruqayya bint muhammad *Umm Kulthum bint muhammad *Fatima bint al-Khattab *Sumayya bint Khubbat *Asma bint 'Umays *Umm Ayman *Bashir_ibn_Sa'd_Abu'n-Nu'man_ibn_Tha'labah_al-Ansari_al-Khazraji *An-Nu'man_ibn_Bashir *Bilal_ibn_al-Harith ibn 'Asim ibn Sa'id ibn Qurrah ibn Khaladah ibn Tha'labah Abu 'Abd ar-Rahman al-Mazani *Muzaynah *Abu_Fakih *Safwan_ibn_Umayyah *Khabbab ref, 2 *Fatimah_bint_al-Khattab *Sa'id_ibn_Zayd *Al-Nahdiah *Umm_Ubays *Zinnira *Ammar *Abu_Fuhayra *Asma_bint_Abu_Bakr *Uthman_Abu_Qahafa *Salma_Umm-ul-Khair *Abd_Allah_ibn_Mas'ud *Umm_Shareek *Ammar ref *Sumaiyya ref *Yasir ref *Suhaib ref *Ikrimah_ibn_Abu_Jahl *Umm_Hakim, Ikrimah’s wife *Nayla_bint_Farasa was Uthman's wife *Umm_Khultum_bint_Ukba ibn Abi Mayyath - divorced wife of Amr_ibn_al-As *Abdullah_ibn_Jahsh *Abdullah_ibn_Sailam *Abdullah_ibn_Umar *Abdullah_ibn_Umm_Maktum *Abu_Ayyub_al-Ansari === part 2 === *Nufay_ibn_al-Harith aka Abu Bakrah (is by the way among the Fuqaha and Ahl al-Fatwa of the Companions in whose time *extremely few of whom* ) *Nafi_ibn_al-Harith ibn Kalada al-Thaqafi (Abu Bakrah's half-brother) *Safia_bint_Abdul_Muttalib, Muhammads aunt. *Abu_Sufyan_ibn_al-Harith *Rabi'ah_ibn_al-Harith *Samra_ibn_Jundab *Abdullah_ibn_Zama (ref) *Abu_Obaida_bin_al-Jarrah the gravedigger that was with Umar and Abu Bakr the shed of Banu Sa'ad *Sa'ad_ibn_Al-Rabee *Hisham_ibn_Al-Aas *Hakim_ibn_Hazm Ibn Mandah's book "Those of the Companions Who Lived 120 years.": They are fourteen: *1. Hakim_ibn_Hizam (d. 54, Madina) *2. `Asim ibn `Adi al-Badri *3. Huwaytib ibn `Abd al-`Uzza *4. Sa`d ibn Iyas al-Shaybani *5. Makhrama ibn Nawfal *6. Sa`id ibn Yarbu` *7. Sa`d ibn Junada al-`Awfi al-Ansari *8. HASSAN IBN THABIT, the poet of the Prophet and the one supported by the Holy Spirit. *9. Abu `Umara `Abd Khayr ibn Yazid *10. Hamnan ibn `Awf *11. al-Muntaji`al-Najdi *12. Nafi` Abu Sulayman al-`Abdi *13. al-Lajlaj *14. Abu Shaddad al-`Umani === Part 3 === *Amr_ibn_Jamooh *Hind_the_wife_of_Amr *Muawwaz_ibn_Amr *Muaaz_ibn_Amr *Khallad_ibn_Amr *Masab_ibn_Umair *Abdulla_Jahsh *Safwan_ibn_Umayah, the son of Bilals former master. *Umayr_ibn_Wahb al-Jumahi *Khubayb_ibn_Adiy *Said_ibn_Amir Al Jumahi (se link in Khubayb_ibn_Adiy) *Yasir_ibn_Amir, father of ammar. *Sumayyah_bint_Khabbab, mother of ammar. *Abu_Hudhaifah_ibn_al-Mughirah master of ammar. *Zayd_ibn_al-Khattab, Umars brother *Salim_mawla_Abu_Hudaifa the freed slave of Abu Hudhaifah Ibn `Utbah *Abu_Hudaifah_ibn_Utbah *Sahla_bint_Suhail Ibn Amr, Abu Hudhaifah ibn Utbah'a wife Muhammad_ibn_Ja'far === part 4 === *X_bint_al-Walid_ibn_al-Mughira *Malik_al-Dar *Ubay_Ibn_Ka'ab (who based on authentic Sunni sources the Prophet ordered the companions to trust him in the matter of Quran as one of the three trustee persons in this regard. See Sahih al-Bukhari, English, vol. 6, Tradition #521) *Salma_bint_Umays, Hamzas wife. *Wahshy_ibn_harb killed Hamza *Anas_ibn_al-Nadr died in the the battle of Uhud http://al-islam.org/restatement/24.htm *Abu_Dujana defended Muhamamd in the battle of Uhud http://al-islam.org/restatement/24.htm *Husayl_ibn_Jabir_Abu_Hudhayfah killed by muslims in the battle of Uhud http://al-islam.org/restatement/24.htm *Umm_Ammarra_Ansariyya defended Muhamamd in the battle of Uhud http://al-islam.org/restatement/24.htm *Khunais_bin_Hudhaifa Hafsas husband. *Masaab_ibn_Umayr *Shams_ibn_Uthman. *Hatib_ibn_Abu_Baitah was sent with a letter to Muqawqis. *Mugheera_ibn_Shuba *Abu_Ubaidah - the third one in Saqifah. *Abu_Musa_Asha'ari {{listdev}} == See also == *The_four_companions *Ahlul_Bayt *Muhammad's_wives *Sahaba *Taba'een *Taba_Tabe'een *Non-Muslims_who_interacted_with_Muslims_during_Muhammad's_era *Narrators_of_hadith == External links == *http://freepages.family.rootsweb.com/~naqobatulasyrof/prophet/news_prophet_04.html