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Geography, Demographics, and Resources

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  1. Introduction
     
  2. The Middle East and the Emerging International System: Conceptual Issues
     
  3. What Is Strategic Geography?
     
  4. The Relevance of Strategic Geography in the Middle East
     
  5. The Dynamics of Geographic Factors
     
  6. Defining the Middle East
     
  7. Geographic Parameters and Access Routes
     
  8. Peripheral Barriers
     
  9. Internal and Local Barriers
     
  10. Summary
     
  11. Chapter Two: Strategic Access and Middle East Resources: Lessons from History
     
  12. The Age of Discovery
     
  13. The Transportation Revolution and the Middle East: Canals, Coal, Railroads, and Oil
     
  14. British Competition with Russia and Germany: The Great Game and the Role of Railways
     
  15. Coal versus Oil
     
  16. Impact of World War I on Oil Supplies
     
  17. Britain's Quest for Middle East Oil
     
  18. World War II and Middle East Oil
     
  19. The Cold War, Europe, and Middle East Oil
     
  20. Western Basing in the Middle East and the Soviet Drive for Access Early in the Cold War
     
  21. The 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the Oil Crisis of the 1970s
     
  22. The Iranian Revolution and the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
     
  23. The Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88
     
  24. The 1991 Gulf War
     
  25. Footnotes
     
  26. Maps
     


Strategic Geography and the Changing Middle East: Concepts, Definitions, and Parameters

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Geoffrey Kemp and Robert Harkavy

From Strategic Geography and the Changing Middle East
© 1997 Brookings Press
Reprinted with the Permission of the Brrokings Institute Press

Introduction


THE END of the cold war has led to new configurations of global power relations and has changed the definition and the geostrategic parameters of the traditional Middle East. In this chapter these issues are examined to provide background for the subsequent analysis.

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