April 12
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April 12 is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 263 days remaining.
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[edit] Events
- 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire
- 1606 - The Union Flag is adopted as the flag of Great Britain.
- 1633 - The formal inquest of Galileo Galilei by the Inquisition begins.
- 1776 - North Carolina's Provincial Congress authorized its delegates to the Second Continental Congress to vote for independence by issuing the Halifax Resolves.
- 1820 - Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organisation to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.
- 1861 - American Civil War: The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
- 1864 - American Civil War: Fort Pillow massacre -- Confederate forces under General Nathan Bedford Forrest kill most of the African American soldiers who had surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.
- 1865 - American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.
- 1877 - The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
- 1917 - World War I: Canadian forces successfully complete the taking of Vimy Ridge from the Germans. It is also considered a major event in Canadian history for the primary role Canadian forces played in the attack.
- 1927 - April 12 Incident: Chiang Kai-shek orders the CPC members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front (China).
- 1931 - The strongest wind in the world measured at 231 mph was recorded on the summit of Mount Washington
- 1934 - The Auto-Lite Strike, which culminated in a five-day melee between Ohio National Guard troops and 6,000 strikers and picketers, began.
- 1935 - First flight of the Bristol Blenheim.
- 1937 - Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at the British Thomson-Houston factory in Rugby, England.
- 1945 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies while in office; vice-president Harry S. Truman is sworn in as the 33rd President of the United States.
- 1954 - Bill Haley & His Comets record "Rock Around the Clock" in New York City. Initially unsuccessful, the recording would help launch the rock and roll revolution a year later.
- 1955 - The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is declared safe and effective.
- 1961 - Human spaceflight: Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel into space in Vostok 3KA-2 (Vostok 1).
- 1963 - The Soviet nuclear powered submarine K-33 collides with the Finnish merchant vessel M/S Finnclipper in the Danish straits. Although both vessels are severely damaged both can make it to port.
- 1968 - Nerve gas accident at Skull Valley, Utah.
- 1980 - Samuel Doe takes control of Liberia in a coup d'etat, ending over 130 years of democratic presidential succession in that country.
- 1980 - Terry Fox begins his "Marathon of Hope" by dipping his artificial leg into the Atlantic at St. John's, Newfoundland.
- 1981 - Human spaceflight: The first launch of a Space Shuttle: Columbia launches on the STS-1 mission.
- 1990 - opening of Jim Gary's Twentieth Century Dinosaurs exhibition, the work of the only living sculptor ever invited to present a solo exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
- 1994 - Canter & Siegel post the first commercial mass Usenet spam.
- 1996 - Yahoo! has its initial public offering, selling 2.6 million shares at $13 each.
- 1998 - An earthquake in Slovenia, measuring 5.6 on the Richter scale near the town of Bovec.
- 1999 - American President Bill Clinton was cited for contempt of court for giving "intentionally false statements" in the Paula Jones sexual harassment civil lawsuit.
- 2002 - Pedro Carmona becomes interim President of Venezuela during the Venezuelan coup attempt of 2002, a military coup against Hugo Chávez.
- 2007 - The Kremlin vetos an investigation into the death of Yuri Gagarin, who was the first man in space.
[edit] Births
- 599 BC - Mahavira, founder of Jainism (d. 527 BC)
- 812 - Muhammad at-Taqi, Muslim Shia Imam (d. 835)
- 1484 - Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Italian architect (d. 1546)
- 1500 - Joachim Camerarius, German classical scholar (d. 1574)
- 1526 - Muretus, French humanist (d. 1585)
- 1550 - Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, English politician (d. 1604)
- 1577 - Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1648)
- 1713 - Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French writer (d. 1796)
- 1722 - Pietro Nardini, Italian composer (d. 1793)
- 1724 - Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1790)
- 1726 - Charles Burney, English music historian (d. 1814)
- 1748 - Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist (d. 1836)
- 1777 - Henry Clay, American statesman (d. 1852)
- 1794 - Germinal Pierre Dandelin, Belgian mathematician (d. 1847)
- 1799 - Henri Druey, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1855)
- 1823 - Alexandr Ostrovsky, Russian dramatist (d. 1886)
- 1839 - Nikolai Przhevalsky, Russian explorer (d. 1888)
- 1848 - José Gautier Benítez, Puerto Rican poet (d. 1880)
- 1852 - Ferdinand von Lindemann, German mathematician (d. 1939)
- 1856 - William Martin Conway, English art critic and mountaineer (d. 1937)
- 1868 - Akiyama Saneyuki, Japanese naval commander (d. 1918)
- 1869 - Henri Désiré Landru, French serial killer (d. 1922)
- 1871 - Ioannis Metaxas, Greek general and dictator (d. 1941)
- 1883 - Dally Messenger, Australian rugby league player (d. 1959)
- 1884 - Otto Meyerhof, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (d. 1951)
- 1887 - Harold Lockwood, American silent film actor (d. 1918)
- 1888 - Heinrich Neuhaus, Soviet pianist (d. 1964)
- 1892 - Johnny Dodds, American jazz clarinetist (d. 1940)
- 1893 - Robert Harron, American actor (d. 1920)
- 1898 - Lily Pons, American soprano (d. 1976)
- 1901 - Lowell Stockman, American representative (d. 1962)
- 1902 - Louis Beel, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1977)
- 1903 - Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist, Nobel laureate (d. 1994)
- 1907 - Felix de Weldon, Austrian-born sculptor (d. 2003)
- 1907 - Hardie Gramatky, American author and animator (d. 1979)
- 1908 - Robert Lee Scott, Jr., American Air Force pilot (d. 2006)
- 1912 - Walt Gorney, American actor (d. 2004)
- 1912 - Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, Second Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1988)
- 1914 - Armen Alchian, American economist
- 1916 - Beverly Cleary, American writer
- 1916 - Benjamin Libet, American scientist
- 1917 - Helen Forrest, American singer (d. 1999)
- 1919 - Billy Vaughn, American musician and bandleader (d. 1991)
- 1923 - Ann Miller, American actress and dancer (d. 2004)
- 1924 - Peter Safar, Austrian physician (d. 2003)
- 1928 - Hardy Krüger, German actor
- 1928 - Jean-François Paillard, French conductor
- 1930 - Michał Życzkowski, Polish technician (d. 2006)
- 1932 - Dennis Banks, American activist
- 1932 - Lakshman Kadirgamar, Sri Lankan politician (d. 2005)
- 1932 - Tiny Tim, American musician (d. 1996)
- 1933 - Montserrat Caballé, Spanish soprano
- 1934 - Heinz Schneiter, Swiss footballer
- 1939 - Alan Ayckbourn, English writer
- 1940 - Herbie Hancock, American pianist and composer
- 1941 - Bobby Moore, English footballer (d. 1993)
- 1942 - Carlos Reutemann, Argentine racing driver and politician
- 1944 - John Kay, German-born musician (Steppenwolf)
- 1945 - Lee Jong-wook, Korean Director-General of the WHO (d. 2006)
- 1946 - Ed O'Neill, American actor
- 1947 - Tom Clancy, American author
- 1947 - David Letterman, American talk show host
- 1947 - Woody Johnson, owner of the New York Jets
- 1948 - Jeremy Beadle, British television presenter
- 1948 - Joschka Fischer, Foreign Minister of Germany
- 1948 - Sandra "Lois" Reeves, American singer (Martha & the Vandellas)
- 1949 - Scott Turow, American writer
- 1950 - David Cassidy, American singer and actor
- 1950 - Kari Palaste, Finnish architect
- 1952 - Ralph Wiley, American sports journalist (d. 2004)
- 1954 - Pat Travers, Canadian musician
- 1956 - Andy Garcia, Cuban-born actor
- 1956 - Herbert Grönemeyer, German singer
- 1957 - Vince Gill, American musician
- 1958 - Will Sergeant, English musician (Echo & the Bunnymen)
- 1960 - Ron MacLean, Canadian sportscaster
- 1961 - Lisa Gerrard, Australian singer
- 1962 - Art Alexakis, American musician (Everclear)
- 1962 - Takada Nobuhiko, Japanese wrestler
- 1964 - Amy Ray, American musician (Indigo Girls)
- 1965 - Tom O'Brien, American actor-producer
- 1967 - Mellow Man Ace, Afro-Cuban rapper
- 1970 - Nick Hexum, American musician (311)
- 1971 - Nicholas Brendon, American actor
- 1971 - Shannen Doherty, American actress
- 1972 - Paul Lo Duca, American baseball player
- 1972 - Dimitrios Kokotis, Greek high jumper
- 1973 - J. Scott Campbell, American comic book artist
- 1973 - Antonio Osuna, Mexican baseball player
- 1973 - Claudia Jordan, American model
- 1974 - Marley Shelton, American actress
- 1974 - Sylvinho, Brazilian footballer
- 1976 - Brad Miller, American basketball player
- 1977 - Giovanny Espinoza, Ecuadorian footballer
- 1977 - Sarah Jane Morris, American actress
- 1978 - Guy Berryman, British musician (Coldplay)
- 1978 - Riley Smith, American actor
- 1979 - Claire Danes, American actress
- 1979 - Elena Grosheva, Olympic Gymnast
- 1979 - Mateja Kežman, Serbian footballer
- 1979 - Jennifer Morrison, American actress and model
- 1979 - Paul Nicholls, English actor
- 1979 - Jordan De Jong, American baseball player
- 1980 - Brian McFadden, Irish Singer (former Westlife member).
- 1981 - Nicolás Burdisso, Argentine footballer
- 1981 - Jaspreet Singh, CEO, GlassBox Inc.
- 1981 - Brian Vandborg, Danish cyclist
- 1982 - Deen, Bosnian singer
- 1985 - Hitomi Yoshizawa, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
- 1985 - Jeisa Chiminazzo, Brazilian supermodel
- 1985 - Olga Seryabkina, Russian singer
- 1987 - Brendon Urie, American singer (Panic! at the Disco)
- 1994 - Airi Suzuki, Japanese singer (°C-ute)
[edit] Deaths
- 65 - Seneca the Younger, Roman philosopher, statesman and dramatist
- 238 - Gordian I, Roman Emperor (suicide)
- 238 - Gordian II, heir to the Roman Empire (killed in battle)
- 352 - St. Julius I, 35th Pope
- 434 - Archbishop Maximianus of Constantinople
- 1125 - Vladislaus I of Bohemia
- 1443 - Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury
- 1550 - Claude, Duke of Guise, French soldier (b. 1496)
- 1555 - Juana of Castile, wife of Philip I of Castile (b. 1479)
- 1687 - Ambrose Dixon, Virginia Colony pioneer
- 1704 - Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and writer (b. 1627)
- 1748 - William Kent, English architect
- 1782 - Metastasio, Italian poet and librettist (b. 1698)
- 1788 - Carlo Antonio Campioni, French-born composer (b. 1719)
- 1795 - Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée, Bavarian general (b. 1710)
- 1814 - Charles Burney, English music historian (b. 1726)
- 1850 - Adoniram Judson, American Baptist missionary (b. 1788)
- 1872 - Nikolaos Mantzaros, Greek composer (b. 1795)
- 1878 - William Marcy Tweed, aka Boss Tweed, American politician (b. 1823)
- 1898 - Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau, Roman catholic archbishop of Quebec (b. 1820)
- 1902 - Marie Alfred Cornu, French physicist (b. 1842)
- 1912 - Clara Barton, American nurse and Red Cross advocate (b. 1821)
- 1938 - Feodor Chaliapin, Russian bass (b. 1873)
- 1945 - Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (b. 1882)
- 1962 - Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, Indian politician and engineer (b. 1861)
- 1968 - Heinrich Nordhoff, German automobile engineer, first managing director of Volkswagen (b. 1899)
- 1971 - Igor Tamm, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
- 1971 - Ed Lafitte, American baseball player (b. 1871)
- 1971 - Wynton Kelly, American jazz pianist (b. 1931)
- 1975 - Josephine Baker, American dancer (b. 1906)
- 1977 - Phil Wrigley, American manufacturer and Major League baseball executive (b. 1894)
- 1980 - Clark McConachy, New Zealand billiards and snooker player (b. 1895)
- 1980 - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (b. 1913)
- 1981 - Joe Louis, American boxer (b. 1914)
- 1983 - Carl Morton, American baseball player (b. 1944)
- 1986 - Valentin Kataev, Russian writer (b. 1897)
- 1987 - Mike Von Erich, American wrestler
- 1988 - Alan Paton, South African novelist (b. 1903)
- 1989 - Gerald Flood, British actor (b. 1927)
- 1989 - Abbie Hoffman, American radical leader (b. 1936)
- 1989 - Sugar Ray Robinson, American boxer (b. 1921)
- 1997 - George Wald, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1903)
- 1999 - Boxcar Willie, American singer (b. 1931)
- 2001 - Harvey Ball, American inventor of the Smiley (b. 1921)
- 2003 - Cecil H. Green, American manufacturer (b. 1900)
- 2006 - Dr. Rajkumar, Kannada language film actor/singer (b. 1929)
- 2006 - Puggy Pearson, American professional poker player (b. 1929)
- 2007 - Kevin Crease, Longtime Anchor for National Nine News, in Adelaide, Australia (b. 1936)
[edit] Holidays and observances
- The Roman holiday of Cerealia begins.
- Yuri's Night, an international celebration of the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin; in Russia (and formerly in USSR), the Cosmonautics Day.
[edit] Liturgical Feast Days
The Feast of St. Basil the Confessor in the Greek Orthodox Church.
In the Roman Catholic Church:
- Saint Damian
- Saint Erkembode
- Saint Julius I
- Saint Zeno of Verona
- Saint Alferius
- Blessed Angelo Carletti di Chivasso
- Saint Constantine
- Saint Sabas
- Saint Tetricus
- Saint Victor
- Saint Vissia
- Saint Wigbert
- Saint William Ward
