The Shining (film)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses of this term, see Shining.

The Shining
A promotional poster for the film
Directed by	Stanley Kubrick
Produced by	Stanley Kubrick
Written by	Novel: Stephen King Screenplay: Stanley Kubrick Diane Johnson
Starring	Jack Nicholson Shelley Duvall Danny Lloyd Scatman Crothers
Music by	Wendy Carlos Rachel Elkind Krzysztof Penderecki György Ligeti Béla Bartók
Cinematography	John Alcott
Editing by	Ray Lovejoy
Distributed by	Warner Bros.
Release date(s)	May 23, 1980
Running time	143 min. 119 min.
Language	English
Budget	USD$15,000,000 (estimated)
All Movie Guide profile
IMDb profile

The Shining is a 1980 horror film by Stanley Kubrick based on Stephen King's novel of the same name. The film stars Jack Nicholson as tormented writer Jack Torrance and Shelley Duvall as his wife Wendy.

1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Cast notes
4 Production
5 Making The Shining
6 Response
7 Versions
8 Music/Soundtrack
9 In popular culture
10 References
11 External links

[edit] Plot

Former teacher and recovering alcoholic Jack Torrance (Nicholson) interviews for a caretaker job at the Overlook Hotel in an effort to rebuild his life after his volatile temper lost him a teaching position. The hotel manager, Mr. Ullman, warns Jack that he and his family will be snowbound through most of the winter and of the potential for cabin fever. He drives the point home by recounting a season when the caretaker, Charles Grady, went crazy and brutally killed his wife, his two girls (ages eight and ten), and finally himself. Given his own desperation and the opportunity to pursue his true passion, writing, Jack acknowledges the warning, but accepts the job.

Meanwhile, Jack's son Danny has a seizure while talking to his imaginary friend Tony about the Overlook Hotel. He has a vision of blood splashing out of an elevator in the hotel, an image which is revisited several times throughout the film.

Upon Danny's arrival at the hotel, Head chef Dick Hallorann (Scatman Crothers) recognizes that Danny is telepathic, and speaks to him mentally to offer him an ice cream. He explains that he and his grandmother both had the gift; because pictures sent telepathically seemed to glow, she referred to this communication as "shining." He also counsels Danny about the hotel, hinting that something terrible had happened there and left a trace, "as if someone burned toast," that only people who had the gift could perceive. Danny questions Dick about what went on in the hotel, and about room 237 in particular as Danny can sense that Dick is especially afraid of that room. Dick does not answer, but sternly warns Danny to stay out of that room.

The Overlook (Timberline Lodge).

Jack's mental health deteriorates rapidly once the family is alone in the hotel. He has writer's block, sleeps too little, and is irritable. Danny has visions of the two murdered girls, but tells no one. He continues to wonder about room 237.

One day, a ball rolls toward Danny as he plays with his toys. It appears to have come from the open door of room 237, which Danny enters. At that moment, Wendy (Shelley Duvall) comes running from the basement at the sound of Jack's screams. She comforts him as he tells her that he had a nightmare in which he used an axe to chop Danny and her to pieces. Before she can react, Danny appears at the other end of the room, looking disoriented and sucking his thumb. His sweater is ripped and there are bruises on his neck. He does not answer when she asks what happened. She angrily accuses Jack and takes the child back to their suite.

Dick Hallorann with Wendy and Danny Torrance.

Jack is furious about the accusation. He storms around the hotel, making his way to the Gold Ballroom. Sinking defeatedly on to the barstool, his head in his hands, Jack declares that he would sell his soul for one drink. When he looks up he discovers a bartender, who serves him a drink. Jack is nonplussed by the sudden appearance of the bartender and even addresses him by his name, Lloyd. The ensuing conversation reveals that Jack had accidentally injured Danny years ago. A frantic Wendy enters; Danny claims to have encountered "a crazy woman" in the hotel with them in room 237. Jack goes to investigate.

Jack's exploration of room 237 is a tipping point for three characters: Danny, Jack, and Dick. While Jack is inside the room, Danny appears to be having a seizure in his own room while Dick, on vacation in Florida, seems to pick up on a signal Danny is sending.

Jack cautiously enters room 237 and hears noises from the bathroom. He watches lustfully as a young beautiful naked woman (Lia Beldam) pulls back the shower curtain and steps slowly out of the bathtub. The two approach each other and embrace in a passionate kiss. Jack catches a glimpse of their reflection in the mirror and sees the woman is actually a rotting corpse. He recoils in horror, seeing that the young lady has transformed into an elderly woman (Billie Gibson); a walking corpse with rotten, sagging skin. She cackles madly while reaching for him with her stretched arms. In a frightened panic, Jack staggers out of the room, locking the door after him.

Jack with ghostly bartender Lloyd.

When he reports back to Wendy, Jack denies anything amiss in room 237. Wendy suggests they take Danny to a doctor. Jack becomes irate, lecturing Wendy on her thoughtlessness and blaming her for everything that's gone wrong in his life. Insisting that they can't leave the hotel because of his obligation to his employers, he storms out, returning to the Gold Room, which is now the scene of an extravagant party with guests dressed in 1920s fashion. Lloyd serves him a drink and Jack goes to mingle. He doesn't get far when a butler carrying a tray runs into him, spilling advocaat on his jacket. The butler convinces Jack to come into the bathroom to clean up.

The butler introduces himself as Delbert Grady. Jack remembers the story Mr. Ullman told him about a man named Grady and confronts Grady with the information. Grady assures Jack that nothing of the sort took place and that, furthermore, Jack had always been the caretaker, not Grady. Jack is confused, but seems to accept Grady's story. Grady goes on to tell Jack that Danny has "a great talent" and is using it to bring an "outside party" into the situation. Grady advises Jack on how to correct Danny, and how to correct Wendy if she interferes.

Meanwhile, back in Florida, Dick has had no luck contacting the people at the Overlook Hotel. He books the next flight to Colorado.

At the Overlook, Wendy arms herself with a baseball bat and goes searching for Jack, intent on leaving the hotel with Danny and with or without Jack. During her search, she spots his manuscript next to the typewriter. She reads what Jack has been writing: hundreds of pages of repetitions of a single sentence, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.". She realizes Jack has gone mad.

Wendy discovers Jack's 'writing'.

Jack approaches from behind and asks, "How do you like it?" Wendy shrieks with alarm and turns. A confrontation ensues as Jack demands to know her intentions regarding leaving the hotel with Danny, while Wendy just tries to get away. Wendy pleads with Jack not to hurt her, and he swears that he will not; instead, he intends to kill her. Wendy hits Jack in the head with the bat at the top of a flight of stairs, knocking him unconscious. Jack tumbles down the staircase, injuring his ankle in the process.

Wendy drags Jack's limp body to the pantry and locks him inside, just as he regains consciousness. Jack tells her he has sabotaged the radio, as well as the snowcat, stranding them all there with him. She goes outside to check on the snowcat, and confirms what he told her.

A few hours later, Jack is roused from a nap by the sound of Delbert Grady's voice. Grady expresses disappointment and a lack of confidence in Jack, but Jack assures him he can get the job done if given one more chance. The pantry door then suddenly becomes unlocked.

Wendy has fallen asleep in her room. Danny is in a trance, carrying a knife and muttering "redrum" repeatedly. He takes Wendy's lipstick and writes "REDRUM" on the bathroom door. He begins shouting "REDRUM," which wakes Wendy. She clutches him to her, then sees the reflection of the bathroom door in the mirror. Reversed, it reads: "MURDER." At that instant, banging sounds start coming from the door.

Jack leers through the broken doorframe in an iconic shot.

The sound is Jack swinging an axe at the locked door. Wendy grabs Danny and locks them in the bathroom. She opens a tiny, snowbanked window and pushes Danny out; he slides safely to the ground. She tries to get out the same window, but cannot fit. She tells Danny to run and hide.

Meanwhile, Jack has chopped his way through the front door and knocks politely on the bathroom door. Wendy holds the knife and tries to steady herself as Jack begins chopping down the bathroom door. After chopping away one of the panels, he sticks his head through (in what was to become an iconic moment in horror film history) and screams,"Heeeere's JOHNNY!" Jack sticks his hand through the gap to turn the lock. Wendy slashes at him with a knife, landing a blow to the hand and sending Jack recoiling in pain. They both hear the low rumble of an approaching snowcat engine. He stalks out.

The snowcat driver is Dick. Inside the hotel, he calls out, but gets no reply. Jack, hiding behind a pillar, leaps out at him and swings the axe into his chest, killing him. Danny, hiding in a kitchen cabinet, cries out, revealing his location. He clambers out of the steel cabinet and runs outside with Jack in pursuit.

Meanwhile, Wendy has collected herself and is on the lookout for Danny, she has several ghostly encounters during the search but refuses to let them deter her. At the same time, axe-wielding Jack follows Danny into the hedge maze.

The photograph on the hotel wall: Overlook Hotel, July 4th Ball, 1921. A young Jack stands smiling in the bottom center.

Danny realizes he is leaving a trail of footprints for Jack to follow. He carefully retraces his steps, then hides behind a hedge. When Jack arrives, he sees that the footprints have disappeared, but does not realize Danny is hiding. He chooses a path and resumes chasing Danny. Danny comes out of his hiding spot and follows his own footprints to the maze's entrance.

Wendy makes her way out of the hotel just as Danny emerges from the maze. Relieved, she flings down the knife and embraces him. Jack lets out a blood-curdling shriek from the maze. Danny and Wendy waste no time escaping in the snowcat. Jack, hopelessly lost in the maze, freezes to death.

Right before the end credits, the audience sees a photograph of a lavish ball which had been hanging in the hotel the entire time. In the center of the picture is a young Jack. The caption reads, "Overlook Hotel, July 4th Ball, 1921".

[edit] Cast

Actor	Role
Jack Nicholson	Jack Torrance
Shelley Duvall	Winnifred "Wendy" Torrance
Danny Lloyd	Danny Torrance
Scatman Crothers	Richard "Dick" Hallorann
Barry Nelson	Stuart Ullman
Philip Stone	Delbert Grady
Joe Turkel	Lloyd the bartender
Tony Burton	Larry Durkin
Anne Jackson	The Doctor
Lisa & Louise Burns	The Grady Twins

[edit] Cast notes

Neither Lia Beldam (young woman in room 237) nor Billie Gibson (old woman in room 237) appeared in another movie after this one.
Kubrick was able to film all of Danny's parts without the young actor (Danny Lloyd) realizing he was in a horror movie.

[edit] Production

During preproduction, at around 3 o'clock in the morning, Stanley Kubrick called Stephen King to ask "Aren't ghost stories really just an affirmation of an afterlife?" King did not necessarily agree. During the conversation, Kubrick asked flatly, "Do you believe in God?" King thought a minute and said, "Yeah, I think so." Kubrick replied, "No, I don't think there is a God," and hung up.^[1]

Filming took place at both Pinewood Studios and Elstree Studios in England. The set for the Overlook Hotel was then the largest ever built. It included a full recreation of the exterior of the hotel, as well as all of the interiors. A few exterior shots were done at Timberline Lodge on Mount Hood in Oregon. They are noticeable because the hedge maze is missing. The interiors are based on those of the Ahwahnee hotel in Yosemite National Park. The Timberline Lodge requested Kubrick change the sinister Room 217 of King's novel to 237, so customers would stay in their own room 217 fearlessly.

The massive set would be the site of Kubrick's first use of the Steadicam.

The door that Jack breaks down with the axe near the end of the movie was a real door. Kubrick originally used a fake door, made of a weaker wood, but Jack Nicholson, who had worked as a volunteer fire marshal, tore it down too quickly.

Due to the limitations of special effects of the era Kubrick substituted a hedge maze for the topiary animals of King's books.

According to the Guinness Book of World Records, The Shining holds the record for the film with most retakes of a single scene (with spoken dialogue) at 127 takes. The participant in those retakes was Shelley Duvall.

Jack's most famous line, "Heeeeere's Johnny!", is taken from the famous introduction for The Tonight Show host Johnny Carson, as spoken by Ed McMahon.

The film that Danny and Wendy watch on television at the beginning of the "Monday" segment is Summer of '42, reportedly one of Kubrick's favorite films.

All of the TV and radio personalities used in the film were actual members of the Denver, Colorado media of the time.

The opening panorama shots (which were used by Ridley Scott for the closing moments of the film Blade Runner) and all scenes of the Volkswagen Beetle on the road to the hotel were filmed in Glacier National Park in Montana. These scenes were filmed out of a helicopter.

[edit] Making The Shining

Stanley Kubrick allowed his then-17-year-old daughter, Vivian, to make a documentary about the production of The Shining. Created originally for the British television show BBC Arena, this documentary offers rare insight into the shooting process of a Kubrick film.

The documentary, together with full-length commentary by Vivian Kubrick, is included on the DVD release of The Shining.

[edit] Response

The film opened to mixed reviews, but did very well commercially with audiences and made Warner Brothers a profit. For example, Variety staff criticized Kubrick for destroying all that was terrifying in Stephen King's novel.^[2] As with most Kubrick films, subsequent critical reaction reviews the film more favourably.

Film website Rotten Tomatoes, which compiles reviews from a wide range of critics, gives the film a score of 85%.[1] Stephen King has been quoted as saying he loved what Stanley Kubrick did with the movie, but he himself notoriously disliked Kubrick's vision.^{[citation needed]} He thought that his novel's important themes, such as the disintegration of the family and the dangers of alcoholism, were ignored. Kubrick made many other changes that King disparaged. King especially viewed the casting of Nicholson as a mistake and a tip-off to the audience (due to Nicholson's identification with the character of McMurphy in One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest) that the character Jack would go mad.

As noted by Roger Ebert [2]:

“

If Jack did indeed freeze to death in the labyrinth, of course his body was found -- and sooner rather than later, since Dick Hallorann alerted the forest rangers to serious trouble at the hotel. If Jack's body was not found, what happened to it? Was it never there? Was it absorbed into the past, and does that explain Jack's presence in that final photograph of a group of hotel partygoers in 1921? Did Jack's violent pursuit of his wife and child exist entirely in Wendy's imagination, or Danny's, or theirs?... Kubrick was wise to remove that epilogue. It pulled one rug too many out from under the story. At some level, it is necessary for us to believe the three members of the Torrance family are actually residents in the hotel during that winter, whatever happens or whatever they think happens.

”

Ebert also notes in his review of the film that, whenever Jack sees or communicates with spirits, a mirror is always present, and, given the themes of madness and isolation, suggests he may be speaking with himself.

King finally supervised a television remake of The Shining in 1997, which received lukewarm reviews.

[edit] Versions

There are several versions of The Shining. After its premiere and a week into the general run (which ran for 146 minutes), Kubrick cut a scene at the end that took place in a hospital. The scene had Wendy in a bed talking with Mr. Ullman, the man who hired Jack at the beginning of the film. He explains that her husband's body could not be found, thus raising several questions and implications. This scene was subsequently physically cut out of prints by projectionists and sent back to the studio by order of Warner Bros., the film's distributor. This left the film at 143 minutes, and this is the version available in North America.

The European version runs for 119 minutes. Kubrick personally cut 24 minutes from the film.[3] Interestingly, many of the excised scenes in some way made reference to the outside world, usually with a television.

[edit] Music/Soundtrack

The film features a brief electronic score by Wendy Carlos and Rachel Elkind, including one major theme in addition to a main title based on Hector Berlioz' interpretation of the "Dies Irae", used in his "Symphonie Fantastique", as well as pieces of modernist music. The soundtrack LP was taken off the market due to licensing issues and has never appeared as a legitimate compact disc release. For the film itself, many of the pieces were overdubbed on top of one another.

The non-original music on the soundtrack is as follows:

Lontano by György Ligeti, Ernest Bour conducting Sinfonie Orchester des Südwestfunks (Wergo Records)
Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta by Béla Bartók, Herbert von Karajan conducting the Philharmonia Orchestra (Deutsche Grammophon)
Utrenja (excerpt) by Krzysztof Penderecki, Andrzej Markowski conducting Symphony Orchestra of the National Philharmonic, Warsaw (Polskie Nagrania Records)
The Awakening of Jacob (Als Jakob Erwacht) and De Natura Sonoris No. 2, by Krzysztof Penderecki, the Polish Radio National Symphony Orchestra conducted by the composer (EMI)
Home by Henry Hall and the Gleneagles Hotel Band (Columbia Records)
Midnight, the Stars and You by Jimmy Campbell, Reginald Connelly and Harry Woods performed by the Ray Noble Band with Al Bowlly (not on the soundtrack album)

[edit] In popular culture

References to The Shining are prominent in U.S. popular culture, particularly in movies, TV shows and other visual media, but also in songs.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]. The film itself has a theme of popular culture and high culture,^[7] making its own cultural references in an ironic way to warn against "molding your personality after pop culture images."^[8]

Examples of popular culture that explicitly reference the film The Shining include the segment "The Shinning" from a Halloween episode of The Simpsons and the music video for The Kill by 30 Seconds to Mars.

In one episode of "Family Guy," Stewie is walking through the hallway of Lois' father's mansion and finds the twins. He then says "All work and no play makes Stewie a dull boy." Similar to Jack's writing when he went insane.

The British New Wave group Squeeze's The 12" version of the song, Last Time Forever like the album version from, Cosi Fan Tutti Frutti contains brief samples from the film line. "A momentary loss of muscular coodination," along with screams from Wendy in the bathroom when Jack is swinging the axe at the door. The 7" version edits them out.

In Friends, Joey is reading The Shining, as book. He gets scared and puts it in the freezer for protection.

[edit] References

^ Eric Norden's interview of Stephen King, Playboy, June 1983
^ The Shining - Excerpt from Variety.
^ "'Secret Window' achieves horror with suspense, silence", Western Herald, 2004-03-15. Retrieved on 2007-05-21. “"The Shining" has cemented a spot in horror pop culture.”
^ Simon Hill. The Shining Review. Celluloid Dreams. Retrieved on 2007-05-21. “This film has embedded itself in popular culture...”
^ Mark Blackwell (2005-11-24). Deep End: Christiane Kubrick. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2007-05-21. “Images from his films have made an indelible impression on popular culture. Think of [...] Jack Nicholson sticking his head through the door saying 'Here's Johnny' in The Shining.”
^ "Shining tops screen horrors", BBC News, 2003-10-27. Retrieved on 2007-05-21. “The scene in The Shining has become one of cinema's iconic images...”
^ Kian Bergstrom (2000). I am sorry to differ with you, sir: Thoughts On Reading Kubrick's The Shining. visual-memory.co.uk. Retrieved on 2007-05-21. “As we view the film, we see interrogations of these two themes of popular culture and intellectual rigor.”
^ Chris Justice (2005-07-11). Shining, The. Classic-Horror. Retrieved on 2007-05-21.