November 11
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November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 50 days remaining.
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[edit] Events
- 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Maxentius and Licinius to be Augusti, while rival contender Constantine I is declared Caesar of Britain and Gaul
- 1215 - The Fourth Lateran Council meets, adopting the doctrine of transubstantiation, meaning that bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ.
- 1500 - Treaty of Granada - Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them.
- 1620 - In what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod, the Mayflower Compact is signed on the Mayflower, establishing the basic laws for the Plymouth Colony.
- 1634 - Following pressure from Anglican bishop John Atherton, the Irish House of Commons passes "An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery".
- 1675 - Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = f(x) function.
- 1675 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
- 1778 - Cherry Valley Massacre: Seneca Indians in central New York kill more than forty people.
- 1805 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Dürenstein - 8000 french troops attempted to slow the retreat of a vastly superior Russian and Austrian force.
- 1831 - In Jerusalem, Virginia, Nat Turner is hanged after inciting a violent slave uprising.
- 1839 - The Virginia Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia.
- 1843 - Hans Christian Andersen's The Ugly Duckling was first published.
- 1864 - American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea - Union General William Tecumseh Sherman begins burning Atlanta, Georgia to the ground in preparation for his march south.
- 1865 - Treaty of Sinchula is signed in which Bhutan ceded the areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company.
- 1880 - Australian Bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged at Melbourne Gaol.
- 1887 - Anarchist Haymarket Martyrs August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer and George Engel are executed.
- 1887 - Construction of the Manchester Ship Canal starts at Eastham.
- 1889 - Washington is admitted as the 42nd U.S. state.
- 1911 - Many cities in the U.S. midwest broke their record highs and lows on the same day as a strong cold front rolls through. (see The 11/11/11 cold wave).
- 1911 - Big fire struck Visoko. The upper city area was completely burned, as well all the houses down the main street alongside Beledija.
- 1918 - World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside of Compiègne in France. The war officially stops at 11:00 (The eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month).
- 1918 - Józef Piłsudski comes to Warsaw and assumes supreme military power in Poland. Poland regains its independence.
- 1918 - Emperor Charles I of Austria relinquishes power.
- 1919 - The Centralia Massacre in Centralia, Washington results the deaths of four members of the American Legion and the lynching of a local leader of the IWW.
- 1921 - The Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by US President Warren G. Harding at Arlington National Cemetery.
- 1926 - U.S. Route 66 is established.
- 1930 - Patent number US1781541 was awarded to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator.
- 1933 - Dust Bowl: In South Dakota, a very strong dust storm strips topsoil from desiccated farmlands.
- 1940 - World War II: Battle of Taranto - The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto.
- 1940 - The German cruiser Atlantis captures top secret British mail, and sends it to Japan.
- 1940 - Armistice Day Blizzard: An unexpected blizzard kills 144 in U.S. Midwest.
- 1942 - World War II: Nazi Germany completed their occupation of France.
- 1962 - Kuwait's National Assembly ratifies the Constitution of Kuwait.
- 1965 - Rhodesia (now called Zimbabwe) was declared independent by the white minority regime of Ian Smith.
- 1966 - NASA launches spaceship Gemini 12.
- 1967 - Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, three American prisoners of war are released by the Viet Cong and turned over to "new left" antiwar activist Tom Hayden.
- 1968 - Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal was to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, through Laos into South Vietnam.
- 1968 - A second republic is declared in the Maldives.
- 1972 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - The United States Army turns over the massive Long Binh military base to South Vietnam.
- 1975 - Australian constitutional crisis of 1975: Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam and commissions Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister, and announces a general election to be held in early December.
- 1992 - The Church of England votes to allow women to become priests.
- 1999 - A six-storey apartment block collapses in Foggia, Italy, killing 62.
- 2000 - In Kaprun, Austria, 155 skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel.
- 2004 - New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior dedicated at the National War Memorial, Wellington
- 2004 - Yasser Arafat is confirmed dead by the Palestine Liberation Organization, of unidentified causes. Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the PLO minutes later.
[edit] Births
- 1050 - Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1106)
- 1154 - King Sancho I of Portugal (d. 1212)
- 1155 - King Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214)
- 1220 - Alphonse of Toulouse, son of Louis VIII of France (d. 1271)
- 1493 - Paracelsus, doctor (d. 1541)
- 1493 - Bernardo Tasso, Italian poet (d. 1569)
- 1599 - Prince Octavio Piccolomini, Duke of Amalfi, Austrian field marshal (d. 1656)
- 1633 - George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, British statesman (d. 1695)
- 1668 - Johann Albert Fabricius, German scholar and bibliographer (d. 1736)
- 1743 - Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish naturalist (d. 1828)
- 1744 - Abigail Adams, First Lady of the United States (d. 1818)
- 1748 - King Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819)
- 1764 - Barbara Juliana, Baroness von Krüdener, Russian writer (d. 1824)
- 1791 - Josef Munzinger, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1855)
- 1792 - Mary Anne Evans, English wife of Benjamin Disraeli (d. 1872)
- 1821 - Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Russian novelist (d. 1881)
- 1828 - Sri Deep Narayan Mahaprabhuji, Hindu saint (d. 1963)
- 1836 - Thomas Bailey Aldrich, American poet and novelist (d. 1907)
- 1852 - Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, Austro-Hungarian field marshal (d. 1925)
- 1858 - Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian painter (d. 1884)
- 1863 - Paul Signac, French painter (d. 1935)
- 1864 - Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1921)
- 1869 - King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (d. 1947)
- 1882 - King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973)
- 1883 - Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (d. 1969)
- 1885 - George Smith Patton, Jr., American general (d. 1945)
- 1887 - Roland Young, American actor (d. 1953)
- 1891 - Rabbit Maranville, American baseball player (d. 1954)
- 1898 - Rene Clair, French film director (d. 1981)
- 1899 - Pat O'Brien, American film actor (d. 1983)
- 1900 - Halina Konopacka, Polish athlete (d. 1989)
- 1901 - F. Van Wyck Mason, American author (d. 1978)
- 1901 - Magda Goebbels, wife of Nazi minister of propaganda, Josef Goebbels (d. 1945)
- 1901 - Sam Spiegel, Austrian-born American film producer (d. 1985)
- 1904 - Alger Hiss, American government official and spy (d. 1994)
- 1904 - J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician (d. 1960)
- 1909 - Robert Ryan, American actor (d. 1973)
- 1912 - Thomas C. Mann, American diplomat (d. 1999)
- 1914 - Howard Fast, American author (d. 2003)
- 1914 - Henry Wade, American lawyer (d. 2001)
- 1915 - William Proxmire, American politician (d. 2005)
- 1918 - Stubby Kaye, American comic actor (d. 1997)
- 1919 - Kalle Päätalo, Finnish novelist (d. 2000)
- 1920 - Roy Jenkins, British politician (d. 2003)
- 1921 - Terrell Bell, American politician (d. 1996)
- 1922 - Kurt Vonnegut, American novelist (d. 2007)
- 1925 - June Whitfield, British comedian
- 1925 - Jonathan Winters, American comedian and actor
- 1926 - Harry Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1998)
- 1927 - Mose Allison, American jazz pianist and singer
- 1928 - Carlos Fuentes, Mexican writer
- 1929 - Hans Magnus Enzensberger, German writer
- 1929 - LaVern Baker, American singer (d. 1997)
- 1930 - Hank Garland, American guitar virtuoso (d. 2004)
- 1930 - Vernon Handley, English conductor
- 1937 - Stephen Lewis, Canadian politician and diplomat
- 1938 - Ants Antson, Estonian speed skater
- 1938 - Haruhiro Yamashita, Japanese gymnast
- 1939 - Denise Alexander, American actress
- 1940 - Barbara Boxer, American politician
- 1943 - Doug Frost, Australian swimming coach
- 1945 - Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua
- 1945 - Chris Dreja, British guitarist and bassist (The Yardbirds)
- 1945 - Vince Martell, American guitarist (Vanilla Fudge)
- 1950 - Mircea Dinescu, Romanian poet
- 1950 - Jim Peterik, American musician and songwriter (Survivor)
- 1950 - Ed Ordynski, Australian rally driver
- 1951 - Kim Peek, American megasavant
- 1951 - Marc Summers, American game show host
- 1953 - Marshall Crenshaw, American musician
- 1954 - Mary Gaitskill, American novelist
- 1958 - Luz Casal, Spanish singer
- 1959 - Lee Haney, American bodybuilder
- 1960 - Peter Parros, American actor
- 1960 - Stanley Tucci, American actor and director
- 1961 - Corinne Hermès, French singer
- 1961 - Jan Kuehnemund, American guitarist
- 1962 - Mic Michaeli, Swedish keyboardist
- 1962 - Demi Moore, American actress
- 1962 - James Morrison, Australian musician
- 1964 - Judith Edelman, American musician
- 1964 - Calista Flockhart, American actress
- 1965 - Max Mutchnick, American TV writer and producer
- 1966 - Alison Doody, Irish actress
- 1967 - Gil de Ferran, Brazilian race car driver
- 1968 - David L Cook, American singer and comedian
- 1969 - Carson Kressley, American television personality
- 1970 - Lee Battersby, Australian author
- 1971 - Jennifer Celotta, American TV producer and writer
- 1971 - Paul Chaloner, English TV e-sports commentator
- 1973 - Jason White, American musician (Green Day)
- 1974 - Leonardo DiCaprio, American actor
- 1974 - Wajahatullah Wasti, Pakistani cricketer
- 1976 - Lisa Gleave, American actress and model
- 1976 - Jesse Keeler, Canadian musician
- 1977 - Ben Hollioake, English cricketer (d. 2002)
- 1977 - Maniche, Portuguese footballer
- 1979 - Courtenay Semel, American reality TV star
- 1980 - Willie Parker, American football player
- 1981 - Natalie Glebova, Russian-Canadian beauty queen
- 1981 - Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg
- 1982 - Brittny Gastineau, American socialite
- 1982 - Steve Millar, Canadian musician
- 1982 - Asafa Powell, Jamaican sprinter
- 1983 - Philipp Lahm, German footballer
- 1983 - Kristal Marshall, American professional wrestler
- 1983 - Sora Aoi, Japanese pornographic model
- 1983 - Candy Manson, American pornographic actress
- 1985 - Kalan Porter, Canadian singer
- 1985 - Raquel Guerra, Portuguese singer and actress
- 1990 - Ricardo Torres, Puerto Rican boxer
- 1991 - Christa B. Allen, American actress
- 1995 - Noah Gray-Cabey, American actor
[edit] Deaths
- 397 - Martin of Tours, French saint
- 405 - Arsacius, intruding archbishop of Constantinople
- 537 - Pope Silverius, saint
- 865 - Petronas the Patrician, Byzantine General
- 1623 - Philippe de Mornay, French writer (b. 1549)
- 1638 - Cornelis Corneliszoon van Haarlem, Dutch painter (b. 1562)
- 1686 - Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, French general (b. 1621)
- 1686 - Otto von Guericke, German scientist, inventor, and politician (b. 1602)
- 1812 - Platon Levshin, Metropoitan of Moscow (b. 1737)
- 1831 - Nat Turner, American slave rebel (b. 1800)
- 1855 - Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (b. 1813)
- 1862 - James Madison Porter, American politician (b. 1793)
- 1880 - Ned Kelly, Australian bushranger (hanged)
- 1880 - Lucretia Mott, American feminist and abolitionist (b. 1793)
- 1884 - Alfred Brehm German zoologist (b. 1827)
- 1887 - Haymarket defendants:
- - George Engel (b. 1836)
- - Adolph Fischer (b. 1858)
- - Albert Parsons (b. 1848)
- - August Spies (b. 1855)
- 1917 - Liliuokalani of Hawaii, Queen of Hawaii (b. 1838)
- 1918 - George Lawrence Price, Canadian soldier, last person to be killed in W.W.I. (b. 1892)
- 1931 - Shibusawa Eiichi, Japanese industrialist (b. 1840)
- 1938 - Typhoid Mary, carrier of the typhoid disease (b. 1869)
- 1939 - Jan Opletal, Czech student, victim of nazi violence in Prague
- 1945 - Jerome Kern, American composer (b. 1885)
- 1972 - Berry Oakley, Bass Player and founder, Allman Brothers Band (b. 1948)
- 1973 - David "Stringbean" Akeman, American banjo player (b. 1915)
- 1973 - Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
- 1974 - Alfonso Leng, Chilean composer (b. 1894)
- 1976 - Alexander Calder, American artist (b. 1898)
- 1977 - Greta Keller, Vienna-born cabaret singer and actress (b. 1903)
- 1979 - Dimitri Tiomkin, Ukrainian-born composer (b. 1894)
- 1988 - William Ifor Jones, Welsh conductor & organist (b. 1900)
- 1990 - Alexis Minotis, Greek actor (b. 1898)
- 1990 - Yiannis Ritsos, Greek poet, proposed nine times for the Nobel Prize for Literature, winner of the Lenin Peace Prize (b. 1909)
- 1990 - Attilio Demaría, Argentinian footballer (b. 1909)
- 1993 - Erskine Hawkins, American trumpet player and big band leader (b. 1914)
- 1994 - Pedro Zamora, Cuban-American AIDS activist (b. 1972)
- 1994 - Tadeusz Żychiewicz, Polish journalist, art historian and publicist (b. 1922)
- 1997 - Rodney Milburn, American athlete (b. 1950)
- 1999 - Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress (b. 1961)
- 1999 - Jacobo Timmerman, Argentine writer and journalist (b. 1923)
- 2003 - Jonathan Brandis, American actor (b. 1976)
- 2004 - Yasser Arafat, Palestinian leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1929)
- 2004 - Richard Dembo, French director and screenwriter (b. 1948)
- 2005 - Lord Lichfield, British photographer (b. 1939)
- 2005 - Peter Drucker, American management theorist (b. 1909)
- 2005 - Moustapha Akkad, Syrian-American film producer and director (b. 1930)
- 2006 - Belinda Emmett, Australian actress (b. 1974)
- 2006 - Harry Lehotsky, pastor and activist (b. 1957)
[edit] Holidays and observances
Several nations celebrate, in some way, the end of World War I, the ceasefire of which went into effect at 11:00am CET on this day in 1918.
- Armistice Day in France and Belgium
- Veterans Day in the United States (called Armistice Day until 1952, when the name was changed, and the holiday was re-geared toward all military veterans)
- Remembrance Day in the Commonwealth of Nations, including United Kingdom, Australia and Canada.
- Poland - Independence Day (1918)
- Colombia - Independence of Cartagena, Colombia, from Spain (1811)
- Lacplesis' Day (1919) in Latvia: the official date for commemoration of Latvian soldiers, who had died for the country's freedom.
- Angola - Independence Day (1975)
- Opening of carnival season in Germany ("Karneval"/"Fasching" on 11-11, at 11:11), the Netherlands, and other countries
- South Korea - Pepero Day, Farmers Day
[edit] Religious observances
Feast day of:
- Bartholomew of Grottaferrata in the Roman Catholic Church[1]
- Martin of Tours in the Roman Catholic Church
- Saint Mina in the Roman Catholic Church
[edit] References
- ^ Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0140513124.
