Valerie Plame

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Valerie E. Wilson
Joseph and Valerie Wilson
Born	Valerie Elise Plame April 19, 1963 (1963-04-19) (age 44) Anchorage, Alaska
Occupation	former CIA officer
Spouse	Joseph C. Wilson IV (3 April 1998)
Children	two

Valerie E. Wilson (born Valerie Elise Plame 19 April 1963, in Anchorage, Alaska), who has publicly used the surname "Wilson" since her marriage to former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson IV in 1998, is a former United States CIA officer, whose classified covert identity was "Valerie Plame."^[1] As a public speaker, Mrs. Wilson uses the name "Valerie Plame Wilson."^[2]

Wilson held non-official cover (NOC) status at the time that Robert Novak identified her publicly as "an agency operative on weapons of mass destruction" named "Valerie Plame" in his syndicated American newspaper column of 14 July 2003,^[3] in response to her husband's Op-Ed "What I Didn't Find in Africa" criticizing the George W. Bush administration, which had been published in the New York Times the previous week (July 6, 2003).^[4] Novak's public disclosure of Plame led to the CIA leak grand jury investigation, resulting in the indictment and successful prosecution of Lewis Libby in United States v. Libby for perjury, obstruction of justice, and making false statements to federal investigators, in the Wilsons' civil suit against current and former government officials, and in continuing related controversy.

Contents 1 Personal History 1.1 Education 1.2 Marriage and family 2 Career 3 CIA leak scandal 4 The Wilsons' civil suit 5 House Oversight Committee hearing 6 Valerie Wilson's memoir, "Fair Game" 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links

[edit] Personal History

[edit] Education

Plame graduated in 1981 from Lower Moreland High School, in Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania, and in 1985 from The Pennsylvania State University with a B.A. in advertising.^[5] While a student at Penn State, she worked for the business division of its student newspaper, The Daily Collegian.^[5] Soon after her graduation from Penn State, she started working for the U.S. government in Washington, D.C.^[2][5] After the end of the Gulf War (February 28, 1991), Plame attended the London School of Economics and Political Science, and she attended the College of Europe, an institute for postgraduate European studies in Bruges, in 1995.^[2][5]

[edit] Marriage and family

After Valerie Plame graduated from Penn State, she moved to Washington, D.C., ^[5] She worked at a clothing store, biding her time, waiting for her acceptance from the CIA.^[5]

In 1997, while she was working for the C.I.A., Plame met former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson IV "at a reception in Washington ... at the residence of the Turkish Ambassador" (Wilson, Politics of Truth 240). Unable to reveal her CIA role to Wilson on their first date, initially she told him that she was an energy trader in Brussels, and he thought that she was "an up-and-coming international executive" (Wilson, Politics of Truth 423).^[6] After their second date, Plame did reveal her employment with the CIA to Wilson (The Politics of Truth 240-45). They were married on April 3, 1998.

At the time that they met, Wilson relates in his memoir, he was separated from his second wife Jacqueline, a former French diplomat; they divorced after twelve years of marriage so that he could marry Valerie Plame. His divorce from Jacqueline, had been "delayed because I was never in one place long enough to complete the process," though he and she had already been living separate lives since the mid-'90s (Wilson, Politics of Truth 242).

Valerie Plame and Joseph Wilson are the parents of twins Trevor Rolph and Samantha Finnell Diana born in January 2000 (Wilson, Politics of Truth 277). From his first marriage (1973-1986), to his "college sweetheart" Susan Dale Otchis, Wilson is also the father of another set of twins (also a boy and a girl), Sabrina Cecile and Joseph Charles, who were born in 1975 (Wilson, Politics of Truth 52-55).

Prior to the disclosure of her classified CIA identity, Valerie and Joe Wilson and their twins lived in the Palisades, an affluent neighborhood of Washington, D.C., on the fringe of Georgetown.^[5] After she resigned from the C.I.A. following the disclosure, they moved to New Mexico.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Career

Due to the nature of her clandestine work for the CIA, details about Plame's professional career are still classified. While undercover, she described herself as an "energy analyst" for the private company "Brewster Jennings & Associates", which the CIA later acknowledged was a front company for certain investigations.^[7] According to Boston Globe reporters Ross Kerber and Bryan Bender, who searched for "Brewster Jennings" in Dun & Bradstreet (D&B), the New Jersey operator of commercial databases, "Brewster Jennings" first entered D&B records on May 22, 1994; but, when contacted directly, D&B personnel would not discuss the source of the filing. D&B records list the company as a "legal services office," located at 101 Arch Street, Boston, Massachusetts. Kerber and Bender reached a dead end in their attempts to learn more about it.^[8]

Valerie Plame was identified as a NOC by Elisabeth Bumiller, in an article published in the New York Times on October 5, 2003^[9]

In "NOC, NOC. Who's There? A Special Kind of Agent", an article published in the October 19, 2003, issue of Time magazine, Michael Duffy and Timothy J. Burger highlight that "The unmasking of Valerie Plame sheds light on the shadowy world of NOCs, spies with nonofficial cover", relating that Plame worked as a spy internationally in more than one role.^[10]

Similarly, John Crewdson, senior correspondent for the Chicago Tribune, in an article published on March 11, 2006, relies on an internet-based address directory search to locate Plame's publicly-known addresses to report that, in the early 1990s, Valerie Plame's address was listed as "American Embassy Athens St, APO New York NY 09255."^[11] He adds that a former senior American diplomat in Athens who remembered Plame told the Tribune that "he had been aware that Plame, who was posing as a junior consular officer, really worked for the CIA." According to Crewdson, the former senior diplomat also recalled "that she served as one of the 'control officers' coordinating the visit of President George H.W. Bush to Greece and Turkey in July 1991." The Tribune also reported that "after the completion of her Athens tour, the CIA reportedly sent Plame to study in Europe." Unidentified CIA veterans reportedly told Crewdson that operatives who work in an embassy would have "diplomatic cover" and that their identities would be known to both "friendly and opposition intelligence services alike".^[11]

While in Athens, Valerie Plame "had what is known as 'State Department cover.' The only lie Plame had to tell her friends then was that the State Department was her only boss. After the Gulf War she was sent to the London School of Economics, and from there to the College of Europe, an international-relations school in Bruges. She stayed on in Brussels, telling friends she was working for an energy consulting firm, Brewster-Jennings."^[5]

Larry C. Johnson is "a former CIA analyst who was in Plame's officer training class in 1985-86," and left the Agency in 1989.^[12] He served as Deputy Director for Special Operations, Transportation Security, and Anti-Terrorism Assistance in the U.S. State Department's Office of Counter Terrorism until October 1993. On June 13, 2005, posting as an invited "Special guest" in a blog called tpmcafe.com, Johnson stated that, prior to Novak's column of July 14, 2003, Valerie Plame was indeed a "non-official cover" (NOC) operative.^[13]

Joined by ten other CIA officials, on July 22, 2005, Johnson presented a formal statement to the U.S. Congressional investigation into this matter, addressing the consequences of disclosing Plame's identity in detail.^[14]

Special Counsel Fitzgerald affirmed further that Plame served in a classified position as a CIA officer and the necessity for protecting such classified information during his October 28, 2005 press conference:

Valerie Wilson was a CIA officer. In July 2003, the fact that Valerie Wilson was a CIA officer was classified. Not only was it classified, but it was not widely known outside the intelligence community. Valerie Wilson's friends, neighbors, college classmates had no idea she had another life. The fact that she was a CIA officer was not well-known, for her protection or for the benefit of all us. It's important that a CIA officer's identity be protected, that it be protected not just for the officer, but for the nation's security. Valerie Wilson's cover was blown in July 2003. The first sign of that cover being blown was when Mr. Novak published a column on July 14th, 2003.^[15]

"[T]he 1982 Intelligence Identities Protection Act . . . makes it a crime to knowingly disclose the name of a covert agent" (italics added).^[16] When asked if he could ascertain whether or not Libby had revealed Plame's covert status "knowingly," Special Counsel Fitzgerald responded:

Let me say two things. Number one, I am not speaking to whether or not Valerie Wilson was covert. And anything I say is not intended to say anything beyond this: that she was a CIA officer from January 1st, 2002, forward. I will confirm that her association with the CIA was classified at that time through July 2003. And all I'll say is that, look, we have not made any allegation that Mr. Libby knowingly, intentionally outed a covert agent. We have not charged that. And so I'm not making that assertion. (Italics added.)^[15]

Early in November 2005, posting in his own personal blog, No Quarter, former CIA officer Larry C. Johnson responds further to the ongoing dispute about Valerie Plame's status as a CIA NOC:

There is the claim that the law to protect intelligence identities could not have been violated because Valerie Wilson had not lived overseas for six years. Too bad this is not what the law stipulates. The law actually requires that a covered person "served" overseas in the last five years. Served does not mean lived. In the case of Valerie Wilson, energy consultant for Brewster-Jennings, she traveled overseas in 2003, 2002, and 2001, as part of her cover job. She met with folks who worked in the nuclear industry, cultivated sources, and managed spies. She was a national security asset until exposed. . . .^[17][18]

On February 3, 2006, court papers were released to the public pertaining to arguments held a year earlier before the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia regarding the need for testimony from Judith Miller and Matt Cooper. Also released was a August 27, 2004 affidavit of Patrick Fitzgerald. In the affidavit, Fitzgerald states "[Judith Miller's] testimony is essential to determining whether Libby is guilty of crimes, including perjury, false statements, and the improper disclosure of national defense information."^[19] In a footnote to that argument, Fitzgerald writes:

If Libby knowingly disclosed information about Plame's status with the CIA, Libby would appear to have violated Title 18, United States Code, Section 793 [the Espionage Act] if the information is considered "information respecting the national defense." In order to establish a violation of Title 50, United States Code, Section 421 [the Intelligence Identities Protection Act], it would be necessary to establish that Libby knew or believed that Plame was a person whose identity the CIA was making specific efforts to conceal and who had carried out covert work overseas within the last 5 years. To date, we have no direct evidence that Libby knew or believed that Wilson's wife was engaged in covert work.

In the February 15, 2005 ruling on the issue, the court's opinion states:

As to the leaks’ harmfulness, although the record omits specifics about Plame’s work, it appears to confirm, as alleged in the public record and reported in the press, that she worked for the CIA in some unusual capacity relating to counterproliferation. Addressing deficiencies of proof regarding the Intelligence Identities Protection Act, the special counsel refers to Plame as "a person whose identity the CIA was making specific efforts to conceal and who had carried out covert work overseas within the last 5 years"—representations I trust the special counsel would not make without support. (8/27/04 Aff. at 28 n.15.) (Italics added.)^[19]

An article published in Newsweek on 13 February 2006 construes the information in the released documents as implying that Fitzgerald had indeed determined Valerie Plame was a covert agent.^[20][21]

Plame's husband, Joe Wilson, stated in a July 14, 2005 interview with Wolf Blitzer of CNN that "My wife was not a clandestine officer the day that Bob Novak blew her identity."^[22] When asked by Wolf Blitzer "But she hadn't been a clandestine officer for some time before that?", Wilson responded by saying "That's not anything that I can talk about. And, indeed, I'll go back to what I said earlier, the CIA believed that a possible crime had been committed, and that's why they referred it to the Justice Department." Wilson later claimed to the Associated Press what he had meant was something different than the way the comment was received: "In an interview Friday, Wilson said his comment was meant to reflect that his wife lost her ability to be a covert agent because of the leak, not that she had stopped working for the CIA beforehand. His wife's 'ability to do the job she's been doing for close to 20 years ceased from the minute Novak's article appeared; she ceased being a clandestine officer,' he said."^[23]

In the Washington Times, Bill Gertz states that, according to anonymous U.S. officials, "The identity of CIA officer Valerie Plame was compromised twice before her name appeared in a news column that triggered a federal illegal-disclosure investigation.... Mrs. Plame's identity as an undercover CIA officer was first disclosed to Russia in the mid-1990s by a Moscow spy," and, "[i]n a second compromise...a more recent inadvertent disclosure resulted in references to Mrs. Plame in confidential documents sent by the CIA to the U.S. Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy in Havana."^[16]

Some press accounts have raised questions about whether or not the CIA still considered Plame a "covert" agent––that is, the precise nature of her "classified" status or the type of "cover" that she had and whether or not it was "official" or "non-official"––at the time she was outed in the Novak column of July 14, 2003. However, the Grand Jury indictment states that Ms. Plame was in a classified employment status with CIA. Yet, as Johnson observes in his Congressional testimony:

These [disparaging] comments [by members of the press and others in the public debate] reveal an astonishing ignorance of the intelligence community and the role of cover. The fact is that there are thousands of U.S. intelligence officers who "work at a desk" in the Washington, D.C. area every day who are undercover. Some have official cover, and some have non-official cover. Both classes of cover must and should be protected.^[14]

According to a report published in USA Today (some of whose contents have been disputed by Media Matters for America), Plame worked in the Langley, Virginia, CIA headquarters since 1997, when she returned from her last assignment, married Joe Wilson in 1998, and gave birth to their twins in 2000.^[24][25]

On September 6, 2006, David Corn published an article entitled "What Valerie Plame Really Did at the CIA," citing information contained in the book Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War, co-written by Corn and Michael Isikoff. Corn emphasizes, Plame worked for the CIA on determining the use of aluminum tubes purchased by Iraq.^[26] CIA analysts prior to the Iraq invasion have been cited as believing that Iraq was trying to acquire nuclear weapons and that these aluminum tubes could be used in a centrifuge for nuclear enrichment.^[27][28] According to Isikoff and Corn, as Corn presents their findings in "What Valerie Plame Really Did at the CIA" on September 6, 2006, however, the undercover work being done by Plame and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central Intelligence (DCI) Nonproliferation Center strongly contradicts those previously-reported beliefs.^[26]

Plame's status was later verified by a document showing her employment history at the CIA, verifying that she was in fact covert. The report states "she traveled at least seven times to more than ten times." When overseas Plame traveled undercover, "sometimes in true name and sometimes in alias—but always using cover—whether official or non-official (NOC)—with no ostensible relationship to the CIA."^[29]

[edit] CIA leak scandal

Main article: Plame affair

Main article: CIA leak grand jury investigation

Further information: Plame affair criminal investigation

See also: United States v. Libby

In his press conference of October 28, 2005, Special Counsel Fitzgerald explained in considerable detail the necessity of "secrecy" about his Grand Jury investigation that began in the fall of 2003––"when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown"––and the background and consequences of the indictment of Lewis Libby as it pertains to Valerie E. Wilson.^[30] Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the "leak investigation" and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by "the rules of grand jury secrecy," he could and could not reveal legally at the time.^[30] Official court documents released later, on April 5, 2006, reveal that Libby testified that "he was specifically authorized in advance" of his meeting with New York Times reporter Judith Miller to disclose the "key judgments" of the October 2002 classified National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). According to Libby's testimony, "the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller]."^[31] According to his testimony, the information Libby was authorized to disclose to Miller "was intended to rebut the allegations of an administration critic, former ambassador Joseph Wilson." A couple of days after Libby's meeting with Miller, Condoleezza Rice told reporters that "We don't want to try to get into kind of selective declassification" of the NIE, adding "We're looking at what can be made available."^[32] A "sanitized version" of the NIE in question was officially declassified on July 18, 2003, ten days after Libby's contact with Miller, and was presented at a White House background briefing on weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq.^[33] The NIE contains no references to Valerie Plame or her CIA status, but the special counsel has suggested that White House actions were part of "a plan to discredit, punish or seek revenge against Mr. Wilson."^[34] Bush had previously indicated that he would fire whoever outed Plame.^[32]

A court filing by Libby's defense team argued that Valerie Plame was not foremost on the minds of administration officials as they sought to rebut charges made by her husband, Joseph Wilson, that the White House manipulated intelligence to make a case for invasion. The filing indicated that Libby's lawyers did not intend to say he was told to reveal Plame's identity.^[35] The court filing also stated that "Mr. Libby plans to demonstrate that the indictment is wrong when it suggests that he and other government officials viewed Ms. Wilson's role in sending her husband to Africa as important," indicating that Libby's lawyers planned to call Karl Rove to the stand. According to Rove's lawyer, Fitzgerald has decided against pressing charges against Rove.^[23]

The five-count indictment of Libby included obstruction of justice (one count), making false statements (two counts), and perjury (two counts). On March 6, 2007, Libby was convicted of obstruction of justice, making false statements, and two counts of perjury. He was acquitted on one count of making false statements. His sentence included a $250,000 fine, 30 months in prison and two years of probation. On July 2, 2007, President George W. Bush commuted Libby's sentence, removing the jail term but leaving in place the fine and probation, calling the sentence "excessive".

[edit] The Wilsons' civil suit

On July 13, 2006, a civil suit was filed by Joseph and Valerie Wilson against Vice President Dick Cheney, his former Chief of Staff I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, top Presidential advisor Karl Rove and other unnamed senior White House officials, for their role in the public disclosure of Valerie Wilson's classified CIA status.^[36]

In the first ruling issued in the Wilson/Plame civil suit, plaintiffs had moved for permission to leave their residential address off the complaint. Judge Bates of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia gave the motion short shrift:

Plaintiffs ask that "[o]ut of respect for [their] privacy in light of their public visibility," Pls.’ Mot. at 1, they be excused from complying with rules requiring that each party to a civil action include his or her full residential address in the caption of the “first filing by or on behalf of” the party. See L. Civ. R. 5.1(e)(1), 11.1. This Court does not readily grant relief from the ordinary application of such rules, nor does the Court believe that a plaintiff’s mere invocation of privacy interests and public prominence, without more, warrants an exception to rules that apply to all other litigants. Moreover, the implicit premise of plaintiffs’ motion —- that their residential address is confidential —- is questionable. In less than thirty minutes, the Court was able to ascertain plaintiffs’ residential address from multiple publicly available sources, including a database of federal government records. Indeed, an attorney who filed this motion on plaintiffs’ behalf has stated in a nationally circulated newspaper that he is plaintiffs’ next-door neighbor, and the residential address of that attorney also is readily ascertainable. Based on the current record, then, the relief plaintiffs seek is not warranted.

Attorney Joe Cotchett, who successfully won a multi-billion dollar judgment (later reduced to $1.75 billion) on behalf of over 20,000 pensioners in the suit that the plaintiffs brought against Lincoln Savings and Loan in the 1990s, is "lead trial lawyer in the civil lawsuit filed by ex-CIA officer Valerie Plame Wilson and her husband, former Ambassador Joseph Wilson IV, against Vice President Dick Cheney; his former chief of staff, Lewis 'Scooter' Libby; presidential adviser Karl Rove; and former Deputy Secretary of Defense Richard Armitage," according to Aaron Kinney, a staff writer for Daily Review. Kinney quotes Cotchett's observation that the case "involves fundamental constitutional issues" that go "right to the heart of our national security. . . . Cotchett plans to reach into a dark chapter in the Clintons' life to propel the Wilsons' civil suit. The court ruling that required President Bill Clinton to testify in a lawsuit brought by Paula Jones serves as a precedent to compel testimony from Libby and his co-defendants, Cotchett said. . . ."^[37]

On September 13, 2006, Joseph and Valerie Wilson amended their original lawsuit, adding Richard Armitage as a fourth defendant.^[38] Unlike their charges against Rove, Cheney, and Libby, "claiming that they had violated her constitutional rights and discredited her by disclosing that she was an undercover CIA operative," the Wilsons are suing Armitage "for violating the 'Wilsons' constitutional right to privacy, Mrs. Wilson's constitutional right to property, and for committing the tort of publication of private facts.'"^[39]

[edit] House Oversight Committee hearing

On March 8, 2007, two days after the verdict in the Libby trial, Congressman Henry Waxman, chair of the U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, announced that his committee would ask Valerie E. Wilson to testify on March 16, in an effort by his committee to look into "whether White House officials followed appropriate procedures for safeguarding Plame's identity."^[40][41]

On March 16, 2007, at these hearings about the disclosure, Chairman Henry Waxman read a statement about Plame's CIA career that had been cleared by CIA director Gen. Michael V. Hayden and the CIA, stating that Wilson was under cover and that her employment status with the CIA was classified information prohibited from disclosure under Executive Order 12958. Wilson served in senior management positions at the CIA, in which she oversaw the work of other CIA employees, and in her various positions at the CIA, had faced significant risks to her personal safety and her life.^[42]

Subsequent reports in various news accounts focused on the following parts of her testimony:

• "My name and identity were carelessly and recklessly abused by senior government officials in the White House and state department"; this abuse occurred for "purely political reasons."^[43]
• After her identity was exposed by officials in the Bush administration, she had to leave the CIA: "I could no longer perform the work for which I had been highly trained."^[44]
• She did not select her husband for a CIA fact-finding trip to Niger, but an officer senior to her selected him and told her to ask her husband if he would consider it: "I did not recommend him. I did not suggest him. There was no nepotism involved. I did not have the authority...."^[44][45][46]

[edit] Valerie Wilson's memoir, "Fair Game"

On the evening of the verdict in the Libby trial (March 6, 2007), Joseph C. Wilson appeared on Larry King Live, during which he announced that he and his wife had "signed a deal with Warner Bros of Hollywood to offer their consulting services - or maybe more - in the making of the forthcoming movie about the Libby trial," their lives and the CIA leak scandal.^[47] According to an article by Michael Fleming published in Variety earlier in the week, the feature film, a co-production between Weed Road's Akiva Goldsman and Jerry and Janet Zucker of Zucker Productions with a screenplay by Jez and John Butterworth to be based in part on Valerie Wilson's forthcoming book "Fair Game" (contingent on CIA clearances), is scheduled for release in August 2007.^[48]

In May 2006, the New York Times reported that Valerie Wilson agreed to a $2.5 million book deal with Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House. As reported initially, her memoir, currently entitled "Fair Game," has been scheduled for publication in fall 2007. Steve Ross, senior vice president and publisher of Crown, told the Times that the book would be Mrs. Wilson's "first airing of her actual role in the American intelligence community, as well as the prominence of her role in the lead-up to the war."^[49] Subsequently, the New York Times reported that the book deal fell through and that Mrs. Wilson was in exclusive negotiations with Simon and Schuster.^[50] Ultimately, Simon and Schuster publicly confirmed the book deal, though not the financial terms and, at first, no set publication date.^[51][26]

On May 31, 2007, various news media reported that Simon and Schuster and Valerie Wilson were suing J. Michael McConnell, Director of National Intelligence, and Michael V. Hayden, Director of the CIA, arguing that the CIA "is unconstitutionally interfering with the publication of her memoir, Fair Game, which is set to be published in October [2007], by not allowing Plame to mention the dates she served in the CIA, even though those dates are public information."^[52][53] "Although that information is set out in an unclassified letter to Ms. Wilson [relating to her retirement] that has been published in the Congressional Record [and subsequently circulated widely]," according to Adam Liptak in The New York Times, "the C.I.A. insists that her dates of service remain classified and may not be mentioned in 'Fair Game,' the memoir Ms. Wilson hopes to publish in October. ... The C.I.A. has been adamant in refusing to confirm the dates or details of Ms. Wilson’s service before 2002."^[54]

[edit] See also

• CIA leak scandal timeline
• Joseph C. Wilson
• Lewis Libby
• Plame affair
• Plame v. Cheney
• United States v. Libby

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• CNN Special Reports: CIA Leak Investigation compiled by CNN; incl. interactive timeline of Main Events and "Key Players" (click on photo captioned "Plame").
• Interactive Graphic: Timeline of a Leak compiled by The New York Times (double-click on photo captioned "Ms. Wilson").
• "Investigations: Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity" and "Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity: Hearing Examines Exposure of Covert CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's Identity". U.S. House Committee on Government Reform (Oversight Committee). March 16, 2007. Accessed July 10, 2007. Hyperlinks in menu, including streaming video of hearing; box with "Documents and Links", featuring documents chart "Disclosures of Valerie Plame Wilson's Classified CIA Employment"PDF (35.9 KiB).
• "Joseph W. Cotchett" of Cotchett, Pitre, Simon, and McCarthy – Law firm profile of attorney representing the Wilsons in their civil law suit.
• Joint Oversight Hearing on Security Consequences of Disclosing the Identity of a Covert Intelligence Officer.
• Joseph and Valerie Wilson Legal Support Trust.
• "Patrick J. Fitzgerald", U.S. Department of Justice Office of Special Counsel.
• "Valerie Plame Wilson: 'Outed' Former CIA Agent: Exclusive Representation by Greater Talent Network" – Official biography listed in Speaker's Bureau of Greater Talent Network Inc.