River Trent
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| Trent | |
|---|---|
 River Trent and new Gainsborough Riverside developments
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| Length | 298 km (185 mi) |
| Discharge at | Colwick, Nottingham |
| - average | 85 m³/s (3,002 ft³/s) [1] |
| - maximum | 1,018.35 m³/s (35,963 ft³/s) 1230hrs on 8 Nov 2000 - highest discharge since 1 September 1958 |
| Source | |
| - location | near Biddulph in Staffordshire |
| Mouth | Humber Estuary |
| - location | Trent Falls |
| Major tributaries | |
| - left | Derwent, Dove |
| - right | Soar, Tame |
The River Trent is one of the major rivers of England. Its source is in Staffordshire between Biddulph and Mow Cop. It flows through the Midlands (forming a once-significant boundary between the North and South of England) until it joins the River Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea below Hull and Immingham.
The name "Trent" comes from a Celtic word possibly meaning "strongly flooding". More specifically, the name may be a contraction of two Celtic words, tros ("over") and hynt ("way") [2]. This may indeed indicate a river that is prone to flooding. However, a more likely explanation may be that it was considered to be a river that could be crossed principally by means of fords, i.e. the river flowed over major road routes. This may explain the presence of the Celtic element rid (c.f. Welsh rhyd, "ford") in various placenames along the Trent, such as Hill Ridware, as well as the Saxon‐derived ford. Another translation is given as "the trespasser", referring to the waters flooding over the land.[3]
It is unusual amongst English rivers in that it flows north (for the second half of its route), and is also unusual in exhibiting a tidal bore, the "Aegir". The area drained by the river includes most of the northern Midlands.
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[edit] History of navigation
Nottingham seems to have been the ancient head of navigation until the Restoration. Navigation was then extended to Wilden Ferry, as a result of the efforts of the Fosbrooke family of Shardlow. Later, in 1699, Lord Paget obtained an Act of Parliament to extend navigation up to Burton, but nothing was immediately done.
In 1711, Lord Paget leased his rights to George Hayne, who carried out improvements, quickly opening the river to Burton. He monopolised freight, causing discontent among merchants and encouraging interloping. His business was continued as the 'Burton Boat Company', but after the opening of the Trent and Mersey Canal, the Boat Company were unable to compete. Eventually in 1805, they reached an agreement with Henshall & Co. the leading canal carriers for the closure of the river above Wilden Ferry. Though the river is no doubt legally still navigable above Shardlow, it is probable that the agreement marks the end of the use of that stretch of the river as a commercial navigation.[4]
[edit] Navigation today
The river is legally navigable for some 117 miles below Burton upon Trent. However for practical purposes, navigation above the southern terminus of the Trent and Mersey Canal (at Shardlow) is conducted on the canal, rather than on the river itself. The T&M canal connects the Trent to the Potteries and on to Runcorn and the Bridgewater Canal.
Down river of Shardlow, the non-tidal river is navigable as far as the Cromwell Lock near Newark, except just west of Nottingham where there are two lengths of canal, the Cranfleet and Nottingham. Below Cromwell lock , the Trent is tidal, and therefore only navigable by experienced, well-equipped, and well-informed boaters. This is especially true at Trent Falls, a lonely spot where the Trent joins the Yorkshire Ouse, to form the Humber estuary. The timetables of flows and tides of the two rivers and the estuary are very complex here, and vary through the lunar cycle. Boats coming down the Trent on an ebbing tide often have to beach themselves (sometimes in the dark) at Trent Falls to wait for the next incoming tide to carry them up the Ouse.
[edit] Trent Aegir
At certain times of the year, the lower tidal reaches of the Trent experience a moderately large tidal bore (up to five feet (1.5 M) high), commonly known as the Trent Aegir; taking its name from the Norse god of the ocean. The Aegir occurs when a high spring tide meets the downstream flow of the river, the funnel shape of the river mouth exaggerates this effect, causing a large wave to travel upstream as far as Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, and sometimes beyond. The aegir cannot travel much beyond Gainsborough as the shape of the river reduces the aegir to little more than a ripple, and weirs north of Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire stop its path completely. It is also alleged that King Cnut (Canute) performed his purposely unsuccessful attempt to turn the tide back in the River Trent at Gainsborough; if this is the case it is highly probable that the tide Cnut attempted to turn was the Aegir.
[edit] The literal North/South divide
The Trent historically marked the boundary between Northern England and Southern England. For example the administration of Royal Forests was different north or south of the river, and the jurisdiction of the medieval Council of the North started at the Trent. Although the rise of the identity of the "Midlands" has moved the boundary slightly (the modern idea of the "North" now usually starts at the boundary of Yorkshire) some slight traces of the old division do remain : the Trent marks the boundary between the provinces of two English Kings of Arms, Norroy and Clarenceux - and, although little heard these days, the phrase "born North of the Trent" is one means of expressing that someone hails from the North of England.
Cities and towns on or close to the river include:
- Stoke-on-Trent
- Stone
- Rugeley
- Lichfield
- Burton upon Trent
- Castle Donington
- Rampton
- Derby
- Beeston
- Nottingham
- Newark-on-Trent
- Gainsborough
- Scunthorpe
[edit] Tributaries
Among its tributaries are:
- River Devon
- River Derwent, Derby
- River Dove
- River Idle, Nottinghamshire - meets the Trent at West Stockwith
- River Leen
- River Soar, Leicester - meets the Trent at Trentlock
- River Sow
- River Tame, Birmingham
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ National River Flow Archive, CEH Wallingford[1]
- ^ University of Wales Online Dictionary
- ^ http://www.gwp.enta.net/nottarticle.htm
- ^ C. C. Owen, Burton on Trent: the development of industry (Phillimore, Chichester 1978), 13-20.
