Shropshire

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Shropshire
Motto: “Floreat Salopia” (“May Shropshire flourish”)
Image:EnglandShropshire.png
Geography
Status Ceremonial & (smaller) Non-metropolitan county
Origin Historic
Region West Midlands
Area
- Total
- Admin. council
- Admin. area		 Ranked 13th
3,487 km² (1,346.3 sq mi)
Ranked 14th
3,197 km² (1,234.4 sq mi)
Admin HQ Shrewsbury
ISO 3166-2 GB-SHR
ONS code 39
NUTS 3 UKG22
Demographics
Population
- Total (2005 est.)
- Density
- Admin. council
- Admin. pop.		 Ranked 42nd
450,700
129/km² (334.1/sq mi)
Ranked 34th
289,100
Ethnicity 97.3% White
1.2% S.Asian
Politics
Coat of arms of Shropshire County Council
Shropshire County Council
http://www.shropshire.gov.uk
Executive Conservative
Members of Parliament
Districts
Image:Shropshire Ceremonial Numbered.png
  1. North Shropshire
  2. Oswestry
  3. Shrewsbury and Atcham
  4. South Shropshire
  5. Bridgnorth
  6. Telford and Wrekin (Unitary)

Shropshire (pronounced /ˈʃrɒpʃɪər, -ʃər/), alternatively known as Salop[6] or abbreviated Shrops[7], is a county in the West Midlands of England. It borders Wales to the west. Shropshire is one of England's most rural and sparsely populated counties[8], with the population of the non-metropolitan/shire county 289,100 - making it the least populated two-tier governed area in the United Kingdom. The borough of Telford and Wrekin, included in Shropshire for ceremonial and geographical purposes, has been a unitary authority since 1998[9].

The county town is Shrewsbury, which is culturally and historically the most important town in the area[10], although the new town of Telford, which was constructed around a number of older towns, is today the most populous[11]. Other notable towns are Oswestry, Bridgnorth and Ludlow. The Ironbridge Gorge area has become known as the birthplace of industry[12]. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which covers Ironbridge, Coalbrookdale and a part of Madeley[13]. There are additionally other notable historic industrial sites located around the county such as Coalport, Snailbeach and Highley as well as the Shropshire Union Canal.[14]

The Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty covers about a quarter of the county, mainly in the south[15]. The Wrekin is one of the most famous natural landmarks in the county[16], though the highest hills are the Clee Hills[17], Stiperstones[18] and the Long Mynd[19]. Wenlock Edge is another significant geographical and geological landmark[20], and the River Severn, Britain's longest river, runs through the county. Shropshire is landlocked, and with an area of 1,346 m2, is England's largest inland county[21].

Contents

[edit] Divisions and environs

The area under the control of the county council, or shire county, is divided into five non-metropolitan districts. They are North Shropshire, Oswestry, Shrewsbury and Atcham, South Shropshire and Bridgnorth.[22] Telford and Wrekin is a unitary authority which forms part of the county for various functions such as Lord Lieutenant but does not come under county council control. Oswestry, Shrewsbury & Atcham and Telford & Wrekin have the status of boroughs. The county including Telford and Wrekin, the ceremonial county, borders Cheshire, Staffordshire, Worcestershire, Herefordshire, and the Welsh preserved counties of Powys and Clwyd.

The border with Wales was defined in the 16th century - the hundreds of Oswestry (including Oswestry) and Pimhill (including Wem), and part of Chirbury had prior to the Laws in Wales Act formed various Lordships in the Welsh Marches.

[edit] Local government reform

In 2006 a Local Government White Paper supported proposals for new unitary authorities to be set up in England in certain areas. Existing non-metropolitan counties with small populations, such as Cornwall, Northumberland and Shropshire, are favoured by the government to be covered by unitary authorities in one form or another (the county can either become a single unitary authority, or be broken into a number of unitary authorities). Existing unitary authority areas within these counties' ceremonial boundaries (such as Telford and Wrekin in Shropshire) will not be affected and there will be no boundary changes.

Shropshire County Council, supported by South Shropshire District Council and Oswestry Borough Council, have proposed to the government that the non-metropolitan county of Shropshire become a single unitary authority (i.e. the district/borough councils would be abolished). The process would be similar to that of the Isle of Wight in the early 1990s, when its districts were abolished, leaving a unitary county authority. The ceremonial county of Shropshire would therefore consist of two unitary authorities - Telford & Wrekin and Shropshire. However, there has been opposition to the proposals, from Shrewsbury and Atcham, North Shropshire and Bridgnorth, who criticize the loss of local power. The proponents, however, feel that the move will save funds and allow the area to gain more national prominence. [23]

Part of the proposals include parishing and establishing a town council for the currently unparished area of Shrewsbury. This would create one of the largest civil parishes in England, with a population of over 70,000.

[edit] History

The Old Market Hall, Shrewsbury.
The Old Market Hall, Shrewsbury.
The Iron Bridge at Ironbridge.
The Iron Bridge at Ironbridge.
The new town of Telford.
The new town of Telford.
Main article: History of Shropshire

The political area now considered Shropshire was annexed to Mercia by King Offa in the eighth century, at which time he built two significant dykes there to defend his territory against the Welsh or at least demarcate it. In subsequent centuries, the area suffered repeated Danish invasion, and fortresses were built at Bridgnorth and Chirbury.[24]

After the Norman Conquest in 1066, major estates in Shropshire were granted to Normans, including Roger de Montgomerie, who ordered significant constructions, particularly in Shrewsbury, the town of which he was Earl[25]. Many defensive castles were built at this time across the county to defend against Welsh and enable effective control of the region, including Ludlow Castle[26] and Shrewsbury Castle[27]. Also in this period, a number of religious foundations were formed, the county largely falling at this time under the diocese of Hereford and that of Coventry and Lichfield. Some areas in later times fell under the diocese of St. Asaph until it ceased to exist in 1920.

The county was a central part of the Welsh Marches during the medieval period and was often embroiled in the power struggles between powerful Marcher Lords, the Earls of March and successive monarchs.[28]

The county also contains a number of historically significant towns, including Shrewsbury, Ludlow and Oswestry. Additionally, the area around Coalbrookdale in the county is seen as highly significant, as it is regarded as one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution. The village of Edgmond in Shropshire is the location of the lowest recorded temperature (in terms of weather) in England and Wales.[29]

The modern county boundaries are the same as the historic ones, except for the removal of several exclaves and enclaves, and other minor alterations along the border with Herefordshire and Worcestershire.[30] The largest of the exclaves was Halesowen, which became part of Worcestershire in 1844, and the largest of the enclaves was Herefordshire's Farlow in South Shropshire, transferred to Shropshire in 1844 too.[31]

[edit] Geography

Geographically, Shropshire is divisible into two distinct halves - North and South. The county has a highly diverse geology.

[edit] North Shropshire

Countryside of mid-Shropshire
Countryside of mid-Shropshire
The River Severn is the primary waterway of the county.
The River Severn is the primary waterway of the county.

Politically, North Shropshire is composed of Oswestry district, North Shropshire district, Shrewsbury and Atcham borough and the borough of Telford and Wrekin.

The North Shropshire Plain is an extension of the flat and fertile Cheshire Plain. It is here that most of the county's large towns, and population in general, are to be found. Shrewsbury at the centre, Oswestry to the north west, Whitchurch to the north, Market Drayton to the north east and Newport and the Telford conurbation (Telford, Wellington, Oakengates, Donnington and Shifnal) to the east. The land is fertile and agriculture remains a major feature of the landscape and the economy. The River Severn runs through the lower half of this area (from Wales in the west, eastwards), through Shrewsbury and down the Ironbridge Gorge, before heading south to Bridgnorth.

The area around Oswestry has more rugged geography than the North Shropshire Plain and the western half is over an extension of the Wrexham Coalfield and there are also copper deposits on the border with Wales. Mining of stone and sand aggregates is still going on in Mid-Shropshire, notably on Haughmond Hill, near Bayston Hill and around the village of Condover. Lead mining also took place at Snailbeach and the Stiperstones, but this has now ceased. Other primary industries, such as forestry and fishing, are to be found too.

The A5 and M54 run from Wolverhampton (to the east of the county) across to Telford, around Shrewsbury parallel to the line of Watling Street an ancient trackway. The A5 then turns north west to Oswestry, before heading north into Wales in the Wrexham area. This is an important artery and the corridor is where most of Shropshire's modern commerce and industry is found, notably in Telford new town. There are also a number of railway lines crossing over the area, which centre at Shrewsbury. To the south west of Telford, near the Ironbridge Gorge, is Ironbridge Power Station.

The Wrekin is a prominent geographical feature located in the east of the county.
The Wrekin is a prominent geographical feature located in the east of the county.

The new town of Telford is built partly on a former industrial area centred on the East Shropshire Coalfield as well as on former agricultural land. There are still many ex-colliery sites to be found in the area, as well as disused mine shafts. This industrial heritage is an important tourist attraction, as is seen by the growth of museums in the Ironbridge, Coalbrookdale and Jackfield area. Blists Hill museum and historical (Victorian era) village is a major tourist attraction as well as the Iron Bridge itself. In addition, Telford Steam Railway runs from Horsehay.

[edit] South Shropshire

For information specifically on the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, see Shropshire Hills AONB.

Politically, the area is composed of South Shropshire district and Bridgnorth district.

The Long Mynd near Church Stretton.
The Long Mynd near Church Stretton.

South Shropshire is more rural, with fewer settlements and no large towns, and its landscape differs greatly than that of North Shropshire. The area is dominated by significant hill ranges and river valleys, woods, pine forests and 'batches', a colloquial term for small valleys and other natural features. Farming is more pastoral than the arable found in the north of the county. The only substantial towns are Ludlow, with a population of around 10,000 people, Bridgnorth and Church Stretton. The Shropshire Hills AONB is located in the south-west, covering an area of 804 km²; it forms the only specifically protected area of the county. Inside this area is the popular Long Mynd, a large plateau of 536m Stiperstones and 516 metres high to the East of the Long Mynd, overlooking Church Stretton.

The A49 is the main road through the area, running north to south, from Shrewsbury to Herefordshire. A railway line runs through the area on the same route as the A49 with stations at Church Stretton, Craven Arms and Ludlow. The (heritage) Severn Valley Railway runs from Bridgnorth into Worcestershire.

Church Stretton is known as Little Switzerland due to its valley location and character. Nearby are the old mining and quarrying communities on the Clee Hills, notable geological features in the Onny Valley and Wenlock Edge and fertile farmland in the Corve Dale. The River Teme drains this part of the county, before flowing into Worcestershire to the South and joining the River Severn.

One of the Clee Hills, the Brown Clee Hill, is the county's highest peak at 546 m.

South West Shropshire, or simply "Clun", is a little known and remote part of the county, with Clun Forest, Offa's Dyke and the River Clun. The small towns of Clun and Bishop's Castle are in this area. The countryside here is very rural and is in parts wild and forested. To the south of Clun is the Welsh town of Knighton.

[edit] Transport

The Shropshire Union Canal near Norbury Junction.
The Shropshire Union Canal near Norbury Junction.

Shropshire is connected to the rest of the United Kingdom via a number of road and rail links. Historically, rivers in the county and the Shropshire Union Canal were used for transport also, although their use in transport is now significantly reduced. The county's main transportation hub is Shrewsbury, through which many significant roads and railways pass and join.

Major roads in the county include the M54 motorway, sometimes referred to as the "Telford Motorway", which connects Telford to the rest of the motorway network, and more specifically to the West Midlands county. The A5 also runs through the county, in an east-west direction. The road formerly ran through Shrewsbury, although a large dual-carriageway bypass has since been built. Other major trunk roads in the county include the north-south A49, the A53 and the A41.

There are a number of major railway lines running through the county, including the Welsh Marches Line, the Cambrian Line, the Heart of Wales Line and the Wolverhampton to Shrewsbury Line. The two train operating companies working in the county are Central Trains and Arriva Trains Wales, but a new company, the Wrexham, Shropshire and Marylebone Railway, may soon begin operating.

Shropshire is also the home of two major water supply aqueducts, the Elan Aqueduct running through South Shropshire carrying water from Elan Valley to Birmingham and the Vyrnwy Aqueduct running through North Shropshire delivering water from Lake Vyrnwy to Liverpool.

[edit] Towns and villages

Further information: List of places in Shropshire, Category: Towns in Shropshire, and Category: Villages in Shropshire

Shropshire has no cities, but 22 towns, of which 2 can be considered major[32]. Telford is the largest town in the county with a population of 138,241 (which is approximately 30% of the total Salopian populace); whereas the county town of Shrewsbury has a lower, but still sizeable population of 70,560 (15%). Other substantial settlements include Oswestry, Bridgnorth and Ludlow. The majority of settlements can be classed as villages. Towns and villages are primarily concentrated in a central belt that roughly follows the A5/M54 roadway. Other settlements are concentrated on rivers, i.e. Ironbridge on the Severn, as these waterways were historically vital to trade. [33]

Towns (by Population):
Telford (138,241)

Shrewsbury (70,560)
Wellington (20,430)
Oswestry (15,613)
Bridgnorth (12,212)
Newport (10,814)
Ludlow (10,500)
Market Drayton (10,407)
Whitchurch (8,907)
Bayston Hill (5,247)
Wem (5,142)
Church Stretton (4,186)
Pontesbury (3,500)
Ellesmere (3,223)
Much Wenlock (2,605)
Craven Arms (2,289)

 Ironbridge (2,457)

Bishop's Castle (1,630)

Borough Key:
1 - Telford & Wrekin (UA) (161,600)
2 - Shrewsbury & Atcham (96,300)
3 - North Shropshire (59,100)
4 - Bridgnorth (52,200)
5 - South Shropshire (42,300)
6 - Oswestry (39,200)

Colour Key:
      Rivers
      Motorways
      'A' Roads
      District boundaries
      Settlements

[edit] Economy

Shrewsbury's town centre contains the Darwin, Pride Hill and Riverside shopping centres, as well as more traditional historic retail areas.
Shrewsbury's town centre contains the Darwin, Pride Hill and Riverside shopping centres, as well as more traditional historic retail areas.
Telford Plaza in Telford Town Centre.
Telford Plaza in Telford Town Centre.
Beatties department store opened in 2004 at the west end of Telford Shopping Centre.
Beatties department store opened in 2004 at the west end of Telford Shopping Centre.

The economy of Shropshire was traditionally dominated by agriculture[34]. However, in more recent years it has become more service orientated. The county town of Shrewsbury, the historic castle-dominated Ludlow and the industrial birthplace of Ironbridge Gorge are the foremost tourist areas in Shropshire[35], along with the reclaimed canal network which provides canal barge holidays on the Shropshire Union Canal and linked canal networks in the region, although the natural beauty of the county draws people to all areas.

Industry is mostly found in Telford, Oswestry, Whitchurch, Market Drayton and Shrewsbury, though small industrial estates can be found in other, rural towns such as Church Stretton and Newport. Shrewsbury is becoming a centre for distribution and warehousing, as it is located on a nodal point of the regional road network[36]. In Telford, a new rail freight facility is being built at Donnington.

Telford and Shrewsbury are the county's two main retail centres, with contrasting styles of shopping - Shrewsbury's largely historic streets and Telford's large modern mall, Telford Shopping Centre[37]. Shrewsbury also has two medium-sized shopping centres, the indoor 'Pride Hill' and 'Darwin' centres (both located on Pride Hill)[38], and a smaller, partially covered, 'Riverside Mall'. Shrewsbury's situation of being the nearest substantial town for those in a large area of mid-Wales helps it draw in considerable numbers of shoppers, notably on Saturday.

Well-known companies in Shropshire include Müller Dairy (UK) Ltd in Market Drayton[39]. The RAF have two bases at RAF Cosford and RAF Shawbury[40], and the charity PDSA has its head office in Priorslee, Telford[41].

[edit] Statistics

Below is the chart of regional gross value added for the non-metropolitan county (without Telford & Wrekin) of Shropshire at current basic prices published (pp.240-253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

Year Regional Gross Value Added[42] Agriculture[43] Industry[44] Services[45]
1995 2,388 238 618 1,533
2000 2,977 177 739 2,061
2003 3,577 197 843 2,538

With the statistics for the borough of Telford and Wrekin added, the total for the Shire (non-metropolitan) county is:

Year Regional Gross Value Added[46] Agriculture[47] Industry[48] Services[49]
1995 4,151 266 1,483 2,403
2000 5,049 197 1,512 3,340
2003 5,947 218 1,693 4,038

[edit] Education

Shrewsbury School
Shrewsbury School
Adams' Grammar School
Adams' Grammar School
Shrewsbury Sixth Form College
Shrewsbury Sixth Form College

Shropshire has a completely comprehensive education system, with thirteen independent schools, including the prestigious Shrewsbury School, which the famed Charles Darwin attended. In the ceremonial county, the Telford and Wrekin borough has two selective schools and two independent schools.

[edit] Secondary education

The average number of pupils achieving five good GCSEs at grades A-C in England including Maths and English is 45.8%. For Shropshire it is 50.3, which is very good and the highest in the whole of the West Midlands for traditional counties (although excluding low-performing Telford will artificially boost Shropshire's average significantly). Every district is above the England average. Around 3500 school pupils take GCSEs each year in Shropshire, with the Oswestry district only having two schools and the Shrewsbury and Atcham district having the largest school population. Year sizes are mostly under two hundred; some counties have typical year sizes between 2-300. The best school at GCSE is The Corbet School in Baschurch, followed by the Church Stretton School and Priory School in Shrewsbury. Bottom place is shared by two schools in Shrewsbury - the Sundorne School and Sports College and the Wakeman School, however, it should be noted that these results can be skewed as there is no method to distinguish which schools use the GNVQ system (1 GNVQ = 4 GCSEs) and which do not. As such, The Wakeman, which uses no GNVQs, may appear worse than it actually is results-wise.

Below are the GCSE results as percentages, for each district/borough of the county:

[edit] Further education

At A level, results in Shropshire are above the average for England. The best performing school in the shire county is Concord College, a selective, independent institution. Shrewsbury Sixth Form College is the highest scoring non-independent establishment. [1]

Telford and Wrekin, although producing some lower than average GCSE results in general, has three superlative schools - two selective (Adams' Grammar School and Newport Girls' High School) and a City Technology College (Thomas Telford School) that produce results much better than any state or independent school in Shropshire; the score of the high school exceeding that of Concord College in 2006. Overall, Telford has slightly lower results than Shropshire at A level, although Telford New College performs at the England average.[2]

[edit] Places of interest

Attingham Park Mansion
Attingham Park Mansion
Shrewsbury Castle
Shrewsbury Castle

[edit] Famous people

Clive of India statue in Shrewsbury's Square.
Clive of India statue in Shrewsbury's Square.
Charles Darwin, creator of Darwinism theory.
Charles Darwin, creator of Darwinism theory.

[edit] Politics

Election results 2001
Election results 2001
Election results 2005
Election results 2005

Shropshire has five constituencies, four of which returned Conservative MPs at the 2005 general election and one, Telford, returned a Labour MP. This is a marked change from the 2001 general election result, where the county returned only one Conservative, three Labour and a Liberal Democrat to the Commons (see maps to the right).

The current MPs of Shropshire are:

In 2005 there was also a County Council election in which the Conservatives gained overall control of the shire county. Telford and Wrekin Unitary Authority remains under Labour control. Being a rural county, there are a number of independent councillors on the various councils in the county. [50]

The Conservatives gained complete control of Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council in the May 2006 local elections.

[edit] Cultural references

[edit] Sport

The New Meadow, stadium of Shrewsbury's STFC.
The New Meadow, stadium of Shrewsbury's STFC.
Hawkstone Motocross Circuit.
Hawkstone Motocross Circuit.

There are a number of significant sporting clubs and facilities in Shropshire, many of which are found in Shrewsbury, in addition to a number of clubs found locally throughout the county. Below are some of the more major sporting entities of the county:

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ http://www.upmystreet.com/commons/member/search/l/Mark%20Pritchard.html
  2. ^ http://www.upmystreet.com/commons/member/search/l/Philip%20Dunne.html
  3. ^ http://www.upmystreet.com/commons/constituency/search/l/Shrewsbury%20&%20Atcham.html
  4. ^ http://www.upmystreet.com/commons/constituency/search/l/North%20Shropshire.html
  5. ^ http://www.upmystreet.com/commons/member/search/l/David%20Wright.html
  6. ^ http://www.blandings.org.uk/what/Counties.htm
  7. ^ http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/SHROPS
  8. ^ http://www.northshropshiredc.gov.uk/static/page1000.htm
  9. ^ http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/downloads/UK_LADUACty.pdf statics.gov website
  10. ^ http://www.shropshiretourism.info/shrewsbury/
  11. ^ http://www.wrexhamandshropshire.co.uk/telford.php
  12. ^ http://www.ironbridge.org.uk/about_us/ Ironbridge Official Website
  13. ^ http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/371 Ironbridge Page on UNESCO World Heritage website
  14. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/features/2002/09/iarecordings.shtml
  15. ^ www.shropshirehillsaonb.co.uk/
  16. ^ http://www.shropshirerocks.org/shropshiregeologicaltrail/thewrekinandercall
  17. ^ http://www.shropshirerocks.org/shropshiregeologicaltrail/browncleehill
  18. ^ http://www.shropshirerocks.org/shropshiregeologicaltrail/thestiperstones
  19. ^ http://www.shropshirerocks.org/shropshiregeologicaltrail/thelongmynd
  20. ^ http://www.shropshirerocks.org/shropshiregeologicaltrail/wenlockedge/index.html?sid=znW8fb6fLgN0GJpacyQq5Qs4cQsljjAW
  21. ^ http://www.shropshire.gov.uk/shropshirecc.nsf/open/DAA5298F1B218ED48025705A004C5806
  22. ^ Vision of Britain - Divisions of Shropshire
  23. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/shropshire/6915813.stm
  24. ^ http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Shropshire
  25. ^ http://www.britannica.com
  26. ^ http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/~jphb/shropshire/Ludlow_Castle.html
  27. ^ http://www.shrewsburymuseums.com/castle
  28. ^ http://www.secretshropshire.org.uk/Content/Learn/Castles/MWar.asp
  29. ^ http://www.therightresort.com/travel%20guides/wales/climate.htm
  30. ^ Vision of Britain - Modern county boundaries
  31. ^ Vision of Britain - Ancient county boundaries
  32. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/actionnetwork/A8308712
  33. ^ http://www3.shropshire-cc.gov.uk/roots/packages/src/src_t06.htm
  34. ^ http://www.discovershropshire.org.uk
  35. ^ http://www.shropshiretourism.info/shropshire-towns/
  36. ^ http://www.british-towns.net/en/level_2_display_ByL1.asp?GetL1=142 'Gateway to Wales'
  37. ^ http://www.telfordshopping.co.uk
  38. ^ http://www.darwinsc.enta.net/
  39. ^ http://www.muller.co.uk/faqs/
  40. ^ http://www.raf.mod.uk/structure/stations.cfm?selectLocation=West+Midlands
  41. ^ http://www.pdsa.org.uk/contactus.html
  42. ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
  43. ^ includes hunting and forestry
  44. ^ includes energy and construction
  45. ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
  46. ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
  47. ^ includes hunting and forestry
  48. ^ includes energy and construction
  49. ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
  50. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/news/election/ BBC Shropshire website Retrieved 10th September, 2007

[edit] External links

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Ceremonial county of Shropshire
Unitary authorities Telford and Wrekin
Boroughs/Districts Bridgnorth • North Shropshire • Oswestry • Shrewsbury and Atcham • South Shropshire
Cities/Towns Bishop's Castle • Bridgnorth • Broseley • Church Stretton • Cleobury Mortimer • Clun • Craven Arms • Ellesmere • Ludlow • Market Drayton • Much Wenlock • Newport • Oswestry • Shifnal • Shrewsbury • Telford (Dawley • Madeley • Oakengates • Wellington) • Wem • Whitchurch
See also: List of civil parishes in Shropshire
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