ITU G.992.5
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| DSL technologies | |
|---|---|
| Technology | ITU-standard |
| ADSL | ANSI T1.413 Issue 2 ITU G.992.1 (G.DMT) ITU G.992.2 (G.Lite) |
| ADSL2 | ITU G.992.3/4 ITU G.992.3 Annex J ITU G.992.3 Annex L |
| ADSL2+ | ITU G.992.5 ITU G.992.5 Annex L ITU G.992.5 Annex M |
| HDSL | ITU G.991.1 |
| HDSL2 | |
| IDSL | |
| MSDSL | |
| PDSL | |
| RADSL | |
| SDSL | |
| SHDSL | ITU G.991.2 |
| UDSL | |
| VDSL | ITU G.993.1 |
| VDSL2 | ITU G.993.2 |
ITU G.992.5 is an ITU (International Telecommunication Union) standard, also referred to as ADSL2+ or ADSL2Plus.
Commercially it is notable for its maximum theoretical download speed of 24 Mbit/s.
Contents |
[edit] Technical information
ADSL2+ extends the capability of basic ADSL by doubling the number of downstream bits. The data rates can be as high as 24 Mbit/s downstream and 1 Mbit/s upstream depending on the distance from the DSLAM to the customer's home.
ADSL2+ is capable of doubling the frequency band of typical ADSL connections from 1.1 MHz to 2.2 MHz. This doubles the downstream data rates of the previous ADSL2 standard of up to 12 Mbit/s, but like the previous standards will degrade from its peak bitrate after a certain distance.
Also ADSL2+ allows port bonding. This is where multiple ports are physically provisioned to the end user and the total bandwidth is equal to the sum of all provisioned ports. So if 2 lines capable of 24 Mbit/s were bonded the end result would be a connection capable of 48 Mbit/s. Not all DSLAM Vendors have implemented this functionality.
ADSL2+ port bonding is also known as g.998.x or g.Bond
| ITU-T Spec | Description |
|---|---|
| g.998.1 | ATM-based multi-pair bonding: A method for bonding of multiple DSL lines to transport an ATM payload beyond the rate/reach capability of a single DSL loop. This protocol allows the bonding of 2 to 32 pairs and supports dynamic removal and restoration of pairs without human intervention. |
| g.998.2 | Ethernet-based multi-pair bonding: Provides a method for bonding of multiple DSL lines for Ethernet transport. This recommendation builds on the IEEE 802.3ah-2004 methods and extends Ethernet transport over other xDSL technologies, including ADSL. |
| g.998.3 | Multi-pair bonding using time-division inverse multiplexing: Details a method for bonding DSL lines using time-division inverse multiplexing (TDIM). This recommendation uses IEEE 802.3ah handshake for pair discovery, parameter negotiation, and setup. It also allows the hitless addition and removal of pairs and the fast removal of a pair upon pair failure. |
Modems that support g.Bond Not a lot of modems out there currently support g.bonding. Therefore, to help those who are looking, below is a list of modems/routers that support g.bonding. It would be nice to see some 4, 6 and 8 ADSL2+ Line g.bonding modems here. Know of any, add them in.
| Manufacturer | Model | # of Bonded ports | Modem or Router | Supports Annex M on Bonding |
Max Speeds |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zyxel | P-663H-51 | 1 Line, 2 Wire Pairs per RJ-14 | Router and Modem | Unknown | 48 or 4 Mbit/s |
| Zhone | 6228-I2-200(NA) 6228-I2-300(UK) 6228-I2-302(Euro) |
1 Line, 2 Wire Pairs per RJ-14 | Wireless Router | Unknown | 48 or 4 Mbit/s |
| Actiontec | BA212WG | 2 Lines, 1 Wire Pair per RJ-11 | Wireless Router Gateway | Unknown | 48 or 4 Mbit/s |
| Comtrend | NexusLink 5631 | 1 Line, 2 Wire Pairs per RJ-14 | Wireless Router | Yes | 48 or 4 Mbit/s (Annex A) 40 or 5.5 Mbit/s (Annex M) |
| Netopia | 7247 (Annex A), 7257 (Annex B) | 2 Wire Pair per RJ-11 | Wireless Router | Yes | 48 or 4 Mbit/s |
ADSL2 Annexes ADSL2 has multiple modes for DSL providers to offer better services for different needs. Below is a list of available features based on ADSL2 specs from the ITU standards.
| Annex Version | Spec | Description |
|---|---|---|
| A | xDSL over POTS | xDSL service functioning over POTS. |
| B | xDSL over ISDN | xDSL Services running over ISDN Digital Phone services. |
| C | xDSL in ISDN | xDSL System operating in the same cable as ISDN as defined in ITU-T Rec. G.961 Appendix III (Currently not implemented) |
| D | ATU-C and ATU-R state diagrams | See Annex D/G.992.3 |
| E | POTS and ISDN-BA splitters | See Annex E/G.992.3. For operation according to Annexes A,B and I, the G.992.3 requirements applying over a frequency band up to 1104kHz shall be met over a frequency band up to 2208 kHz. |
| F | ATU-x performance requirements for region A (North America) | F.1 Performance requirements for operation of ADSL over POTS (Annex A) F.2 Performance requirements for operation of All Digital Mode ADSL (Annex I) F.3 Performance requirements for operation of ADSL over POTS with extended upstream bandwidth (Annex L) |
| G | ATU-x performance requirements for region B (Europe) | G.1 Performance requirements for operation of ADSL over POTS (Annex A) G.2 Performance requirements for operation of ADSL over ISDN (Annex B) G.3 Performance requirements for operation of All Digital Mode ADSL (Annex I) G.4 Performance requirements for operation of All Digital Mode ADSL (Annex J) G.5 Performance requirements for operation of ADSL over POTS, with extended upstream bandwidth (Annex L) |
| I | All Digital mode POTS | Extending ADSL band to use the voice frequency range, 32 upstream tones for an additional 256 kbit/s upstream data rate over POTS lines. |
| J | All Digital mode ISDN | Extending ADSL band to use the voice frequency range, 64 upstream tones for an additional 256 kbit/s upstream data rate over ISDN Lines. |
| L | Reach Extended | Increases the range of the DSL service enabling the link to work at a distance of 7 kilometers, or 23,000 ft. |
| M | Increased Upload speeds | Upstream/downstream frequency split has been shifted from 138kHz up to 276kHz, allowing upstream bandwidth to be increased from 1 Mbit/s to 3.5 Mbit/s. |
[edit] Deployment
[edit] Europe
[edit] Belgium
ADSL2+ so far is available in the major cities of Belgium and some smaller ones.
Scarlet has ADSL2+ in its portfolio. The package is called Scarlet ADSL20. The download speed is capped at 20 Mbit/s and upload is as high as 1 Mbit/s.
EDPNet also offers ADSL2+. The Max24 Dyn and Max24 Fix subscriptions deliver speeds up to 24 Mbit/s downstream and 1 Mbit/s upstream.
Belcenter : The Max2+ subscriptions deliver speeds up to 20 Mbit/s downstream and 1 Mbit/s upstream.
For all its ADSL products Belcenter is a wholeseller of Scarlet's ADSL network.
E-Leven offers an ADSL2+ subscription at 20 Mbit/s downstream and 1 Mbit upstream with 30 GB data volume included. For 9,90€ extra per month, the volume limit is lifted and a Fair Use Policy is applied. E-Leven's ADSL2+ offering is available only in areas where they have their own ADSL2+ DSLAMs.
Dommel offers 3 new ADSL2+ subscriptions, with speeds up to 24 Mbit/s downstream and 3 Mbit upstream. From mid-November 2007, these products will be available in Leuven. In the course of 2008 cityconnect products will become available in and around more Belgian large cities (such as Gent, Hasselt, Genk, Oostende, Liege, Charleroi, Antwerp, Mons, Brussels and Kortrijk).
[edit] Denmark
In Denmark, as of 2006, all major DSL providers offer ADSL2+, including Tele2, TDC, Fullrate, Cybercity and Perspektiv Broadband. As of 2007, approximately 90% of the country is covered, although maximum bandwidth (24 Mbit/s) is available in and around the cities, that is not classifieds as villages og less.
[edit] Estonia
ADSL2+ together with a triple play solution is deployed on a large scale by Elion Enterprises Limited. Download speeds are, depending on package, up to 16 Mbit/s (8 Mbit/s when watching DTV) and upload speeds are up to 768 kbit/s. A map detailing the availability of ADSL2+ has been made available here. ADSL2+ is also offered by Elisa Eesti AS. Speeds range from 5 Mbit/s to 24 Mbit/s.
[edit] Finland
ADSL2+ and triple play solutions are offered by the major DSL providers (including Elisa Oyj and TeliaSonera) in certain areas. Usually maximum download speed when using ADSL2+ is 24 Mbit/s and upload speed 1 Mbit/s.
[edit] Germany
ADSL2+ (Alice DSL/HanseNet): Upload up to 800 kbit/s and download speed up to 16 MBit/s
ADSL2+ (Arcor AG): Upload up to 800 kbit/s and download speed up to 16 MBit/s
ADSL2+ (Deutsche Telekom AG): Upload 1,180 kbit/s and download speed up to 16 Mbit/s
ADSL2+ (Telefónica): Upload up to 1 Mbit/s and download up to 16 Mbit/s
[edit] Greece
As of January 2007, most DSL providers started offering ADSL2+ from their proprietary network. These are:
- Forthnet [1] - Offers Double Play services ("Forthnet 2play SoHo" [2] and "Forthnet 2play" [3]) - Up to 24 Mbit/s downstream, 1 Mbit/s upstream [4] (since January 2008)
- Hellas On Line [5] (Website in Greek only) - Offers Double Play services ("hol double-play" [6]) - Up to 24 Mbit/s downstream, 1 Mbit/s upstream [7] (since October 2007)
- Net One [8] (Website in Greek only) - Offers Double Play services ("Net One Για το Σπίτι" [9]) - Up to 16 Mbit/s downstream, 1 Mbit/s upstream (since October 2007)
- On Telecoms [10] - Offers Triple Play services ("Όλα σε Ένα - All in One" [11]) - Up to 16 Mbit/s downstream, 512 Kbit/s upstream
- Tellas [12] - Offers Double Play services ("Tellas Zisto Telephone+DSL" [13]) - Up to 12 Mbit/s downstream, 1 Mbit/s upstream [14] (since November 2007) [probably offering ADSL or ADSL2, not ADSL2+]
- Vivodi [15] (Website in Greek only) - Offers Triple Play services ("cableTV" [16]) - Up to 20 Mbit/s downstream
- ΟΤΕ [17] - Offers Double Play services ("conn-x TALK" [18]) - Up to 24 Mbit/s downstream, 1 Mbit/s upstream (since December 2007)
[edit] Hungary
In Hungary, since mid-2006, multiple telecom companies have started offering ADSL2+ services. As of July 2007, T-Com, the biggest Hungarian ISP, is silently upgrading its customers' ADSL connections to ADSL2+, although with no speed changes.
[edit] Ireland
Magnet Business [19] has led the way with its ADSL2+ roll out over the incumbents (eircom) copper local loop. 10Mb Download and 1 Mb uploads represent the fastest Business Broadband available in the Irish market. Major cities initially (Limerick, Dublin, Waterford, Portlaoise, Cork, and Galway) as Magnet rolls out its unbundled exchange project.
Smart Telecom offer ADSL2+ products to residential customers who are connected to any of their growing network of unbundled exchanges. Currently the company have service in at least 32 Irish exchanges covering large areas of most of the major cities in Ireland. They have an entirely IP-based NGN (Next Generation Network) built around Multiple Service Access Nodes MSANs and carrier grade VoIP, multimedia and other services are provided using Thomson SA Cirpack Softswitch technology. This equipment provides the end user with both high speed broadband interent access and normal POTS service (i.e. a dial tone) all over the same entirely IP-based infrastructure.
[edit] Italy
Tiscali [20] is the only one offering 24 Mbit/s ADSL2+, although Telecom Italia, Wind Telecomunicazioni and many others are offering 20 Mbit/s as well.
[edit] The Netherlands
As of October 2005 several wholesale DSL providers (bbned, Tiscali, KPN Bitstream) have ADSL2+ coverage on more than 50% of fixed phone lines in the Netherlands. As of September 2007 coverage is optional for 75% of all landlines, with about 1% of all connections having the option for Annex M (newest DSLAMs).
[edit] Norway
As of 2006, all major DSL providers in Norway offer ADSL2+, notable are DataGuard, Telenor, Tele2, NextGenTel, Mimer and Ventelo.
[edit] Portugal
Clix was the first operator providing ADSL2+ technology in 2005 , latter followed by Portugal Telecom brands and Vodafone. These operators offer Download speed up to 24 Mbit/s with 1 Mbit/s up(only Clix and Vodafone). Clix and Portugal Telecom also offer a triple play solution (Telephone+Internet+TV) with TV over IPTV.
[edit] Romania
The former state-run telecom company and biggest ADSL provider, Romtelecom is deploying ADSL2+ mainly in larger cities. Their current broadband offer tops at 6 Mbit/s down 512 kbit/s up, however.
[edit] Spain
Jazztel: Was the first operator to provide the ADSL2+ technology. Orange (former Wanadoo) Tele2 España (bought by Vodafone in September 2007) Telefónica Ya.com (bought by Orange on 2007)
[edit] Turkey
ADSL2+ (Türk Telekom): Download speed up to 4 Mbit/s and Upload 1 Mbit/s for unlimited connection
ADSL2+ (TurboNet Broadband Co.) : Download speed up to 24 Mbit/s and Upload 2 Mbit/s for unlimited connection [21]
[edit] United Kingdom
In the UK, various companies are deploying ADSL2+.
BT Group, who own nearly all the POTS infrastructure across the country plan to launch ADSL2+ based services from early 2008 as part of its 21CN program to upgrade its core network.
Alternative operators currently use local loop unbundling to provide ADSL2+ lines. Therefore the availability is limited by the number of exchanges unbundled by each telecom operator in a certain area.
Such operators include:
- Be Unlimited[22] is rapidly expanding their service of up to 24 Mbit/s downstream and 2.5 Mbit/s upstream across the UK, and have recently overtaken Bulldog in number of unbundled exchanges. O2[23] own Be and also provide broadband using their network.
- Bulldog Broadband[24] has extensively rolled out this service across the UK, though they only advertise up to 16 Mbit/s, 24 Mbit/s is possible.
- Easynet now owned and sold by Sky[25] is the largest ADSL2+ provider in the country with 1,154 exchanges unbundled as of October 2007. UK Online also use Easynet's backbone
- Cerberus Networks are providers of business-class ADSL2+ services in the UK. Services have up to 24 Mbit/s downstream line rates and 2.5 Mbit/s upstream.
- Virgin Media[26] Now supports ADSL2+
- TalkTalk (Carphone Warehouse) uses ADSL2+ on their LLU enabled exchanges. However the service is currently capped at 8 Mbit/s downstream. As with all ISPs, the actual throughput speed obtained in practice is usually somewhat lower still.
[edit] North America
[edit] U.S and Canada
G4 Communications is the largest Clec in New Hampshire has deployed ADSL2+ service throughout the State of New Hampshire at speeds up to 24 Mbit/s down with 1 Mbit/s up.
LaunchNet has deployed the service in 11 markets throughout the US with download speeds of 15.0 Mbit/s and upload speeds of 1.0 Mbit/s.
Covad has deployed services across several cities in the United States and now operates the largest ADSL2+ network in the country.
BellSouth has deployed the service in limited areas of its 9 state region.
BCE inc. - Bell Canada Service is available in the Greater Toronto Area and Golden Horseshoe, expanding to all of Ontario over the course of 2008.
TELUS in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada; have began the process of activating their networks (03/2007).
Great Works Internet has deployed the service in areas of Maine and New Hampshire.
ColbaNet has deployed the service in the Montreal area of Quebec.
Embarq has deployed the first ADSL2+ speed of 10Mbit/s down with 1 Mbit/s up in the Las Vegas area starting on 17 Sep 2007, with other areas to follow as ADSL2+ capable equipment is available in nearly all Embarq service areas.
The independent telephone companies and rural carriers of North America probably have the highest total number of ADSL2+ subscribers collectively as they are currently using such technology to deliver the "triple play" voice, video and data services in order to compete with the RBOCs and cable companies with their ILEC and CLEC footprint.
[edit] Guatemala
Telefónica Guatemala is deploying ADSL2+ in many neighborhoods of Guatemala City and nearby zones.
[edit] Oceania
Telecom New Zealand is deploying its first ADSL2+ exchange in March 2007, and deploying more after consultation on locations. With the onset of local loop unbundling, competing Internet service providers such as ihug and Orcon have also trialled ADSL2+ DSLAMs in Telecom's exchanges.
Many of Australia's cities now have ADSL2+ enabled on their exchanges. ADSL2+ services are provided outside the regulated broadband requirement of the national provider Telstra, so are enabled in areas primarily where there is high interest. Current service providers of ADSL2+ in Australia are:
- Exetel
- Total Peripherals Group (TPG)
- iiNet
- Optus
- Adam Internet
- Internode
- Netspace
- Soul Pattinson Telecommunications
- Telstra BigPond
- Westnet
- Primus Telecom
In 2006, Optus announced that it would sell its ADSL2+ network wholesale to other ISP providers. This is currently the most promising option for widespread coverage of ADSL2+ in Australia as the cost to service providers may be prohibitive with many ADSL2+ DSLAMs in each exchange. This move may provide a much wider coverage with cooperation from participating providers.
In 2007, OPEL Networks was awarded government funding to assist with a rollout of broadband in regional areas. Along with wireless broadband, the project will see the rollout of further ADSL2+ DSLAMs to be made available on a wholesale basis.[1]
[edit] Africa
[edit] Egypt
TEdata is claiming the deployment of ADSL2+ lines through out the telecom Egypt telephone networks but there stil no signs of any speeds higher than 2 Mbit/s in any place in the country nor does it seem to be any package offers regarding that matter while LinkDotNet had deployed ADSL2+ on a normal copper line at nile city towers with 6 Mbit/s
[edit] Libya
LTT Company has begun providing this service in September 2007, it works fine, but the speed has not been increased yet, it is still 256 kbit/s download, and about 128 kbit/s upload.
[edit] South America
[edit] Brazil
ADSL2+ (GVT - [27]): Download speed up to 10 Mbit/s and Upload 1 Mbit/s
ADSL2+ (CTBC) : Download speed up to 20 Mbit/s and Upload 1 Mbit/s
ADSL2+ (Sercomtel) : Download speed up to 20 Mbit/s and Upload 500 kbit/s
[edit] Chile
Telefonica del sur Offers up to 20 Mbit/s, Video on demand, Digital Television and other products using ADSL2+ (G.992.5 Annex A).
[edit] Asia
[edit] Iran
Rahsa company provides ADSL2+ in Iran. Shatel company provides ADSL2+ in Iran.
[edit] Lebanon
Ogero has started to deploy ADSL2+ in Lebanon in June of 2007. Months after, it is still facing technical problems, and more than 3/4 of Lebanon is still not covered. The local incumbent telecom "Ogero" does not allow "fair competition" between providers because the state monopoly has the prices fixed. The cost of installation is around 55,000 L.L ($36.66) and the standard internet fee is 35,000 L.L ($23.33) at 128 kbit/s. Maximum speed obtainable with the ADSL 2+ in Lebanon is 1 Mbit/s download but that is divided between several users. Also download data is limited to around 4 GB per user on a 1 Mbit connection.[citation needed]
[edit] India
India has an indicative 50 million wireline connections which are likely to grow to 500 million over the next six years because of liberalisation and privatisation. India is a fast growing telecom market, adding 8 million telephony subscribers each month (in 2007). Wireline services are provided by the incumbents (MTNL and BSNL) and the new private sector players (Airtel, Tata, Reliance, Shyam and HFCL). In addition India has ISPs like VSNL and You Telecom. [BSNL][28] offers ADSL2+ Broadband under brand name DataOne with speeds up to 8 Mbit/s Download. MTNL offers ADSL2+ Broadband under the Triband brand name. Airtel has around 750K subscribers on a mix of ATM and ADSL2+. India has over 2.5 million DSL subscribers, 80% of which are on the ADSL2+ standard. Indian DSL penetration has been limited by the absence of personal computers in Indian homes. Only an estimated 3 million of the 200 million Indian homes own a personal computer. Most Government plans to increase PC penetration in recent years have failed. Reasons for failure include the cost of a PC, language, computer illiteracy etc. India has its own homegrown DSL standard called HDVSL (Hi defn video over subscriber line) which successfully addresses this problem. The HDVSL standard operates a 36 Mbit/s duplex ethernet link - and the HDVSL modem has a direct connection to a display eliminating the need for a terminal or client altogether in the home. The HDVSL modem also acts as a set top box and dsl modem substitute for home internet connectivity on a television screen. HDVSL has an estimated 250K homes under deployment in India and China - mostly over a fourth wire - the intercom wire (which is used for inbuilding security systems). The HDVSL standard is likely to see large scale commercialisation in 2008. In addition, there have been several startups which attempt to provide thin client and remote computing based solutions. These include Novatium, Nivio and Primetel - all of which have credible Tier I Venture Capital backing.
