1913

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Centuries:	19th century - 20th century - 21st century
Decades:	1880s  1890s  1900s  - 1910s -  1920s  1930s  1940s
Years:	1910 1911 1912 - 1913 - 1914 1915 1916

1913 by topic:

Arts

Architecture - Art - Film - Literature Music - Radio - Television

Science and technology

Archaeology - Aviation Meteorology - Rail transport - Science

By country

Australia - Canada - India - Ireland Malaysia - New Zealand - Singapore - South Africa - Soviet Union - UK - Wales - Zimbabwe

Other topics

Awards - Sport - Law - State leaders Sovereign states - Religious leaders

Birth and death categories

Births - Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments - Disestablishments

Works and introductions categories

Works - Introductions v • d • e

Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).

---

Contents  (full)

1 Events of 1913

-  Jan. ^. Feb. ^. March ^. April

-  May ^. June ^. July  ^.  Aug.

-  Sept. ^. Oct. ^. Nov. ^.  Dec.

-  Undated ^. Ongoing ^.

2 Births

3 Deaths

4 Nobel Prizes

5 See also -  Notes -  External links

---

[edit] Events of 1913

[edit] January

• January 13 - Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated, a Service Sorority, is founded on the campus of Howard University by twenty-two collegiate women.
• January 23 - Military coup in Ottoman Empire lead by Enver Pasha, the CUP overthrew the Liberal Union coalition and introduced a military dictatorship (Coup of 1913).
• January 30 - House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill.

[edit] February

• February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, re-opens as the world's largest train station.
• February 3
  • The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income tax.
  • Trial of the remnants of the Bonnot gang begins.
• February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century.
• February 27 - Freezing weather stops everything in Balkans.

[edit] March

• March - Outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia when the House of Romanov celebrates the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne.
• March 4
  • Woodrow Wilson succeeds William Howard Taft as the 28th President of the United States.
  • The US Department of Commerce and US Department of Labor are established by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor.
  • The first U.S. law regulating the shooting of migratory birds passed.

• March 10 - Civil Rights activist Harriet Tubman dies of pneumonia.
• March 12 - Australia begins building the new federal capital of Canberra.
• March 13 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa returns to Mexico from his self-imposed exile in USA.
• March 18 - King George I of Greece is assassinated.
• March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
• March 25
  • Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadaloupe and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government as the head of "Constitutionals."
  • 2 days of rain in the Miami Valley flood the region and mark the worst natural disaster in Ohio's recorded history. Dayton is especially devastated in this great flood.
• March 26 - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.

[edit] April

• April 8 - Passing of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators.
• April 24 - Woolworth Building opening ceremony.

[edit] May

• May 13 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a four engine aircraft.
• May 14 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
• May 29 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring is premiered in Paris.
• May 30 - First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London ending the war.

[edit] June

• June - First edition of the Christian Esoteric magazine Rays from the Rose Cross in the United States; still issued bimonthly till today.
• June 4 - Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies a few days later, never having regained consciousness.
• June 13 - Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute that broke in Niagara Falls, New York.
• June 15 - Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 relatively defenceless men, women and children, Bud Bagsak, Philippines. (Disputed: First Battle of Bud Dajo)
• June 24 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.

[edit] July

• July 3 - Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of United States Civil War veterans and their families to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
• July 10 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of 2004).

[edit] August

• August 4 - In China, province of Chungking declares independence. Chinese Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks
• August 10 - Division of Macedonia after the second Balkan War, according to the Treaty of Bucharest
• August 13 - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in Sheffield.
• August 15 - Start of Dublin Strike & Lockout, all trade union members dismissed
• August 20 - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond becomes the first person to jump from an airplane and land safely.

[edit] September

• September 19 - Francis Ouimet wins the U.S. Open by five strokes to become the first amateur to ever win the event
• September 23 - French aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean
• September 29
  • Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain
  • Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals

[edit] October

• October 1 - Villa's troops take Torreon after a three-day battle when government troops retreat
• October 10 - US President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike thus ending construction on the Panama Canal.
• October 19 - Founding of the DLRG (German Life Saving Society)

[edit] November

• November 1st - 56,654: Highest number of Panama Canal employees recorded since construction began in 1904.
• November 5 - The insane king Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title Ludwig III.
• November 6 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
• November 7
  • November 12 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills over 250.
  • Alpha Epsilon Pi Fraternity is founded at New York University (NYU) under the Washington Square Arch.

[edit] December

• December 1
  • Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of mass production).
  • Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the first Balkan war, is annexed by Greece.
• December 12
  • Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia.
  • Vincenzo Perugia tries to sell Mona Lisa in Florence and is arrested.
• December 21 - Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.
• December 23 - The Federal Reserve is created by Woodrow Wilson.
• December 30 - Italy returns Mona Lisa to France.
• December - Bombay India Gateway of India constructed to commemorate first entry of Queen Victoria to India.

[edit] Undated

• Female suffrage in Norway
• British steamship Calvadas disappears in the Marmara Sea with 200 hands on board.
• de Sitter: shows speed of light is independent of speed of source.
• Sagnac: shows speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform.
• Painting September Morn creates a national sensation in U.S.
• Camel cigarettes are introduced.
• Ela Hockaday founds The Hockaday School.
• First publication of Journal of Ecology.
• National Temperance Council founded to promote the temperance movement.
• United States Soccer Federation is formed.
• Crescent School is founded.
• The modern zipper is invented.
• The cities of Winston, North Carolina and Salem, North Carolina officially merged to become Winston-Salem.

[edit] Ongoing

• First Balkan War.

[edit] Births

1913 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1913 MCMXIII
Ab urbe condita	2666
Armenian calendar	1362 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԲ
Bahá'í calendar	69 – 70
Buddhist calendar	2457
Chinese calendar	4549/4609-11-24 (壬子年十一月廿四日) — to — 4550/4610-12-5 (癸丑年十二月初五日)
Coptic calendar	1629 – 1630
Ethiopian calendar	1905 – 1906
Hebrew calendar	5673 – 5674
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1968 – 1969
- Shaka Samvat	1835 – 1836
- Kali Yuga	5014 – 5015
Holocene calendar	11913
Iranian calendar	1291 – 1292
Islamic calendar	1331 – 1332
Japanese calendar	Taishō 2 (大正2年)
- Imperial Year	Kōki 2573 (皇紀2573年)
Julian calendar	1958
Korean calendar	4246
Thai solar calendar	2456
v • d • e

[edit] January-February

• January 2 - Anna Lee, English actress (d. 2004)
• January 6
  • Edward Gierek, Polish politician (d. 2001)
  • Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000)
• January 9 - Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States (d. 1994)
• January 10 - Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d. 1991)
• January 15 - Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d. 1998)
• January 18 - Danny Kaye, American actor (d. 1987)
• January 18 - George Unwin, British fighter ace WWII (d. 2006)
• January 22
  • William Cardinal Conway, Irish clergyman (d. 1977)
  • Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)
• January 24 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer
• January 25 - Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)
• January 26 - Jimmy Van Heusen, American composer (d. 1990)
• January 29 - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001)
• February 2 - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
• February 4 - Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
• February 6 - Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d. 1996)
• February 13 - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)
• February 14
  • Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)
  • Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared 1975)
• February 25
  • Jim Backus, American actor (d. 1989)
  • Gert Fröbe, German actor (d. 1988)
• February 27
  • Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d. 2005)
  • Irwin Shaw, American writer (d. 1984)
  • Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (d. 1989)

[edit] March-April

• March 1 - Richard S.R. Fitter, British writer (d. 2005)
• March 2 - Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (d. 1971)
• March 4 - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)
• March 13
  • William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1987)
  • Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer and lyricist
  • Smoky Dawson, Australian country singer
• March 18 - René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)
• March 21 - George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)
• March 26
  • Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1996)
  • Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist
• March 29 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)
• March 30
  • Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 2002)
  • Frankie Laine, American singer (d. 2007)
  • Ċensu Tabone, Maltese politician
• March 31 - Etta Baker, American blues musician (d. 2006)
• April 3 - Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
• April 7 - Charles Vanik, American politician (d. 2007)
• April 11 - Oleg Cassini, American fashion designer (d. 2006)
• April 13 - Fred Davis, English snooker and billiards player (d. 1998)
• April 14 - Jean Fournet, French conductor
• April 27 - Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d. 2004)

[edit] May-June

• May 1
  • Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d. 2005)
  • Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)
• May 5 - Tyrone Power, American actor (d. 1958)
• May 8 - Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937)
• May 11 - Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d. 1994)
• May 13 - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (d. 1980)
• May 16 - Woody Herman, American musician and band leader (d. 1987)
• May 20 - William Hewlett, American businessman (d. 2001)
• May 26 - Peter Cushing, English actor (d. 1994)
• May 29 - Tony Zale, American boxer (d. 1997)
• June 6 - Carlo L. Golino, American scholar (d. 1991)
• June 10 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer
• June 11
  • Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970)
  • Risë Stevens, American mezzosoprano singer
• June 18
  • Robert Mondavi, American wine maker
  • Sylvia Field Porter, American economist and journalist (d. 1991)
• June 25 - Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005)
• June 28 - Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker
• June 30 - Alfonso López Michelsen, 32nd Colombian President (d. 2007)

[edit] July-August

• July 3 - Dorothy Kilgallen - American newspaper columnist (d. 1965)
• July 12
  • Philip Mayer Kaiser, United States diplomat (d. 2007)
  • Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• July 14 - Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
• July 17 - Roger Garaudy, French Holocaust denier
• July 18 - Red Skelton, American comedian (d. 1997)
• July 22
  • Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (d. 1995)
  • Licia Albanese, Italian-born opera soprano
• July 23 - Michael Foot, British Labour Party leader
• August 8
  • John Facenda, American broadcaster and sports announcer (d. 1984)
  • Robert Stafford, Governor of Vermont, U.S Representative and U.S. Senator. (d. 2006)
• August 10 - Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
• August 13 - Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d.1977)
• August 16 - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
• August 17
  • Rudy York, baseball player (d. 1970)
  • W. Mark Felt, American Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director and Deep Throat Watergate informant
• August 19 - Richard Simmons, American actor (d. 2003)
• August 20 - Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
• August 27 - Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. 2006)
• August 28
  • Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995)
  • Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
• August 29
  • Jan Ekier, Polish pianist and composer
• August 30 - Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• August 31 - Helen Levitt, American photographer

[edit] September-October

• September 2 - Israel Gelfand, Russian mathematician
• September 4 - Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
• September 12 - Jesse Owens, American athlete (d. 1980)
• September 14 - Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
• September 15 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988)
• September 19 - Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)
• September 28 - Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss artist and illustrator (d. 2007)
• September 29
  • Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)
  • Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer (d. 2001)
  • Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (d. 1996)
• September 30 - Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d. 1975)
• October 10 - Claude Simon, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
• October 22 - Robert Capa, Hungarian-born photojournalist (d. 1954)

[edit] November-December

• November 2 - Burt Lancaster, American actor (d. 1994)
• November 5 - Vivien Leigh, British actress (d. 1967)
• November 7 - Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
• November 7 - Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, Canadian sculptor
• November 9 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
• November 10 - Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d. 2005)
• November 13 - Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)
• November 15 - Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
• November 21
  • John Boulting, English film director (d.1985)
  • Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d. 2001)
• November 22 - Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976)
• November 25 - Lewis Thomas, American physician and essayist (d. 1993)
• December 6
  • Nikolai Amosov, Ukrainian heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast (d. 2002)
  • Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d. 2004)
• December 8 - Delmore Schwartz, American poet (d. 1966)
• December 9 - Frances Reid, American actress
• December 10
  • Morton Gould, American composer (d. 1996)
  • Harry Locke, British character actor (d. 1987)
• December 13 - Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general (d. 2002)
• December 15 - Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (d. 1980)
• December 16 - George Ignatieff, a Canadian diplomat was the recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace.
• December 18
  • Alfred Bester, American author (d. 1987)
  • Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
• December 21 - Arnold Friberg, American artist
• December 30 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (d. 2002)

[edit] Deaths

[edit] January - June

• January 2 - Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)
• January 4 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b. 1833)
• February 22 - Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (b. 1873)
• February 26 - Felix Draeseke, German composer (b. 1835)
• March 10 - Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist (b. 1820)
• March 11 - John Shaw Billings, American military and medical leader (b. 1838)
• March 18 - King George I of Greece (b. 1845)
• March 22 - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b. 1882)
• March 31 - J.P.Morgan, American financier and banker (b. 1837)
• May 1 - John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (b. 1850)
• May 16 - Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1849)
• June 5 - Chris von der Ahe, German-born brewer and baseball owner
• June 8 - Emily Davison, British suffragette (b. 1872)
• June 28 - Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles, Brazilian president (b.1841)

[edit] July - December

• July 3 - Horatio Nelson Young, American naval hero (b. 1845)
• July 13 - Edward Burd Grubb, American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. 1841)
• July 29 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)
• September 30 - Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor (b. 1858)
• October 5 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
• November 7 - Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)
• November 22 - Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shogun (b. 1837)
• December 7 - Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman and last surviving cardinal of Pius IX (b. 1828)
• December 12 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1844)

[edit] Nobel prizes

• Physics - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
• Chemistry - Alfred Werner
• Medicine - Charles Robert Richet
• Literature - Rabindranath Tagore
• Peace - Henri La Fontaine

[edit] Ship events

• List of ship launches in 1913
• List of ship commissionings in 1913
• List of ship decommissionings in 1913

[edit] See also

• 20th century

[edit] Notes

[edit] External links

• 1913 Coin Pictures
• 1913: Annus horribilis by Michael C. Tuggle of LewRockwell.com

[edit] Table of contents

Contents 1 Events of 1913 1.1 January 1.2 February 1.3 March 1.4 April 1.5 May 1.6 June 1.7 July 1.8 August 1.9 September 1.10 October 1.11 November 1.12 December 1.13 Undated 1.14 Ongoing 2 Births 2.1 January-February 2.2 March-April 2.3 May-June 2.4 July-August 2.5 September-October 2.6 November-December 3 Deaths 3.1 January - June 3.2 July - December 4 Nobel prizes 5 Ship events 6 See also 7 Notes 8 External links 9 Table of contents