Application layer

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OSI Model
7 Application layer
6 Presentation layer
5 Session layer
4 Transport layer
3 Network layer
2 Data link layer
1 Physical layer

The application layer is the seventh level of the seven-layer OSI model. It interfaces directly to and performs common application services for the application processes; it also issues requests to the presentation layer.

The common application layer services provide semantic conversion between associated application processes. Note: Examples of common application services of general interest include the virtual file, virtual terminal, and job transfer and manipulation protocols.

The application layer of the four layer and five layer TCP/IP models corresponds to the application layer, the presentation layer and session layer in the seven layer OSI model.

[edit] List of Application layer services


[edit] Examples

The five-layer TCP/IP model
5. Application layer

DHCP ⋅ DNS ⋅ FTP ⋅ Gopher ⋅ HTTP ⋅ IMAP4 ⋅ IRC ⋅ NNTP ⋅ XMPP ⋅ POP3 ⋅ SIP ⋅ SMTP ⋅ SNMP ⋅ SSH ⋅ TELNET ⋅ RPC ⋅ RTP ⋅ RTCP ⋅ RTSP ⋅ TLS/SSL ⋅ SDP ⋅ SOAP ⋅ BGP ⋅ GTP ⋅ STUN ⋅ NTP ⋅ RIP⋅ ...
4. Transport layer

TCP ⋅ UDP ⋅ DCCP ⋅ SCTP ⋅ RSVP ⋅ IGMP ⋅ ICMP ⋅ OSPF⋅ ...
3. Network/Internet Layer

IP (IPv4 ⋅ IPv6) ⋅ IS-IS ⋅ IPsec ⋅ ARP ⋅ RARP ⋅ ...
2. Data link layer

802.11 ⋅ Wi-Fi ⋅ WiMAX ⋅ ATM ⋅ DTM ⋅ Token Ring ⋅ Ethernet ⋅ FDDI ⋅ Frame Relay ⋅ GPRS ⋅ EVDO ⋅ HSPA ⋅ HDLC ⋅ PPP ⋅ PPTP ⋅ L2TP ⋅ ...
1. Physical layer

Ethernet physical layer ⋅ ISDN ⋅ Modems ⋅ PLC ⋅ SONET/SDH ⋅ G.709 ⋅ OFDM ⋅Optical Fiber ⋅ Coaxial Cable ⋅ Twisted Pair ⋅ ...
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