Kings of Assyria
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| Kings of Assyria |
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| Enûma Elish • Gilgamesh |
| Assyro-Babylonian religion |
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| Hurrian • Hittite |
This page lists the Kings of Assyria from earliest times. Synchronisms with absolute dates known from Babylonian chronology and the limmu lists, which give the names of eponymous officials for each year, provide good absolute dates for the years between 911 BC and 649 BC.
The dates for the kings given below as reigning between 1420 BC and 1179 BC are particularly problematic, as the dating differs depending on which of the Assyrian King Lists is given precedence. The dating below for the kings of this period is based on Assyrian King Lists B and C, which give only three years to Ninurta-apal-Ekur, and the same to Ashur-nadin-apli. A traditional list based more on Assyrian King List A would give 14 years to Ninurta-apal-Ekur and 4 years to Ashur-nadin-apli. This version is followed by many sources, which thus give Ashur-uballit I as succeeding in 1366 BC and Shalmaneser I in 1275 BC.
Although the dates between 1179 BC and 912 BC are not as secure as the dates from 911 BC onwards, they are generally agreed upon by most Assyriologists. The dating for the end of the Assyrian period is unresolved, due to the lack of limmu lists after 649 BC. Some sources give Ashurbanipal only 38 years, having him die in 631 BC. Ashur-etil-ilani then reigns from 631 to 627, and Sin-shar-ishkun reigns thereafter down to 612 BC, when he is known to have died in the sack of Nineveh.
Contents |
[edit] Early period
The dates for the early Assyrian period are unknown. While the list is in the right order, the specific years reigned by the kings are not certain. Listed in reverse order by the Assyrian King List, starting from top left and ending at bottom right.
[edit] The Kings who lived in tents
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[edit] Kings who were forefathers
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[edit] Kings whose eponyms are destroyed
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[edit] Old Assyrian period
[edit] Middle Assyrian period
| Middle Assyrian Period | |||||||||||||
| King name | Conventional dates | Low dates* | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eriba-Adad I | 1380 - 1353 BC | ||||||||||||
| Ashur-uballit I | 1365 BC – 1330 BC | 1353 BC – 1318 BC | |||||||||||
| Enlil-nirari | 1329 BC – 1320 BC | 1317 BC – 1308 BC | |||||||||||
| Arik-den-ili | 1319 BC – 1308 BC | 1307 BC – 1296 BC | |||||||||||
| Adad-nirari I | 1307 BC – 1275 BC | 1295 BC – 1264 BC | |||||||||||
| Shalmaneser I | 1274 BC – 1245 BC | 1263 BC – 1234 BC | |||||||||||
| Tukulti-Ninurta I | 1244 BC – 1208 BC | 1233 BC – 1197 BC | |||||||||||
| Ashur-nadin-apli | 1207 BC – 1204 BC | 1196 BC – 1194 BC | |||||||||||
| Ashur-nirari III | 1203 BC – 1198 BC | 1193 BC – 1188 BC | |||||||||||
| Enlil-kudurri-usur | 1197 BC – 1193 BC | 1187 BC – 1183 BC | |||||||||||
| Ninurta-apal-Ekur | 1192 BC – 1180 BC | 1182 BC – 1180 BC | |||||||||||
| * - Dates as appearing in A.Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East volume I, 2006, p. 351 | |||||||||||||
| Middle Assyrian Period | |||||||||||||
| King name | Conventional dates | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ashur-Dan I | 1179 - 1133 BC | ||||||||||||
| Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur | 1133 BC | ||||||||||||
| Mutakkil-nusku | 1133 BC | ||||||||||||
| Ashur-resh-ishi I | 1133 - 1115 BC | ||||||||||||
| Tiglath-Pileser I | 1115 - 1076 BC | ||||||||||||
| Asharid-apal-Ekur | 1076 - 1074 BC | ||||||||||||
| Ashur-bel-kala | 1074 - 1056 BC | ||||||||||||
| Eriba-Adad II | 1056 - 1054 BC | ||||||||||||
| Shamshi-Adad IV | 1054 - 1050 BC | ||||||||||||
| Ashur-nasir-pal I | 1050 - 1031 BC | ||||||||||||
| Shalmaneser II | 1031 - 1019 BC | ||||||||||||
| Ashur-nirari IV | 1019 - 1013 BC | ||||||||||||
| Ashur-rabi II | 1013 - 972 BC | ||||||||||||
| Ashur-resh-ishi II | 972 - 967 BC | ||||||||||||
| Tiglath-Pileser II | 967 - 935 BC | ||||||||||||
| Ashur-Dan II | 935 - 912 BC | ||||||||||||
[edit] Neo-Assyrian period
[edit] Depictions
Statues and reliefs depicting Assyrian kings.
 Adad-nirari I |
 Ashur-nasir-pal II |
 Tiglath-Pileser III |
 Ashurbanipal |
[edit] See also
- Akkadian Empire
- Assyrian King List
- Chronology of Babylonia and Assyria
- List of Assyrians
- Sumerian king list
[edit] Notes
- ^ Dates as they appear in N. Na'aman, ZA 81 1991, p. 251
[edit] References
- Ascalone, Enrico (2007). Mesopotamia: Assyrians, Sumerians, Babylonians (Dictionaries of Civilizations; 1). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520252667.
- Grayson, Albert Kirk (1975). Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles.
- Healy, Mark (1992). The Ancient Assyrians. ISBN 978-1-85532-163-2.
- Leick, Gwendolyn (2003). Mesopotamia. ISBN 0140265740.
- Lloyd, Seton (1984). The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Old Stone Age to the Persian Conquest. ISBN 0500790094.
- Nardon, Don (1998). Assyrian Empire. ISBN 1560063130.
