Close central rounded vowel
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Edit - 2× | Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back |
Close | |||||
Near‑close | |||||
Close‑mid | |||||
Mid | |||||
Open‑mid | |||||
Near‑open | |||||
Open |
represents a rounded vowel.
IPA – number | 318 |
IPA – text | ʉ |
IPA – image | |
Entity | ʉ |
X-SAMPA | } |
Kirshenbaum | u" |
Sound sample |
The close central rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʉ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is }. The IPA symbol is the letter u with a horizontal bar. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "barred-u".
There is also a close central compressed vowel which contrasts with both the rounded and unrounded close central vowels.
Contents |
[edit] Close central rounded vowel
[edit] Features
- Its vowel height is close, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded and protrude and the inner surfaces are exposed.
[edit] Occurrence
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
English | Australian | boot | [bʉ̟ːt] | 'boot' | See Australian English phonology |
New Zealand | |||||
Cockney[1] | [bʉːt] | corresponds to /uː/ in other dialects. See English phonology | |||
Estuary[2] | |||||
Scouse[3] | |||||
Irish | ciúin | [cʉ̠ːnʲ] | 'quiet' | Allophone of /uː/ and /u/. See Irish phonology | |
Norwegian | hus | [hʉːs] | 'house' | See Norwegian phonology | |
Russian | кюрий[4] | [ˈkʲʉrʲɪj] | 'curium' | Occurs only between palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology | |
Swedish | ful | [fʉ̟ːl] | 'ugly' | See Swedish phonology |
[edit] Near-close central rounded vowel
The near-close central rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The International Phonetic Alphabet can represent this sound as < ʊ̈ > (centralized ʊ) or < ʉ̞ > (lowered ʉ). Recently the OED has adopted an unofficial extension of the IPA, ʊ̵, that is a conflation of ʊ and ʉ, for this sound or for free variation between [ʊ] and [ə].
[edit] Features
- Its vowel height is near-close, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a close vowel, but slightly less constricted.
- Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded.
[edit] Occurrence
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
English | euphoria | [jʊ̈ˈfɔəɹiə] | 'euphoria' | See English phonology. Reduced form of the vowel /uː/. | |
Russian[5] | ютиться | [jʉ̞ˈtʲit͡sə] | 'to huddle' | Only occurs between palatalized consonants and in unstressed syllables. See Russian phonology |
[edit] References
- ^ Matthews (1938:78)
- ^ Przedlacka (2001:42)
- ^ Watson (2007:357)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:67-68)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:38)
[edit] Bibliography
- Jones, Daniel & Ward Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
- Matthews, William (1938), written at Detroit, Cockney, Past and Present: a Short History of the Dialect of London, Gale Research Company
- Przedlacka, Joanna (2001), "Estuary English and RP: Some Recent Findings", Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 36: 35-50
- Watson, Kevin (2007), "Liverpool English", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37 (3): 351-360