Omaha, Nebraska

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City of Omaha
An aerial view of Omaha.
Flag Seal
Nickname: Gateway to the West
Motto: Fortiter in Re  (Latin) "Courageously in every enterprise"
Location in Nebraska
Coordinates: 41°15′37.74″N 96°0′46.76″W / 41.2604833, -96.0129889
Country	United States
State	Nebraska
County	Douglas
Founded	1854
Incorporated	1857
Government
- Mayor	Michael Fahey (D)
- City Clerk	Buster Brown
- City Council	Members list District 1: Jim Suttle District 2: Frank Brown District 3: Jim Vokal District 4: Garry Gernandt (Council Vice-President) District 5: Dan Welch (Council President) District 6: Franklin Thompson District 7: Chuck Sigerson, Jr.
Area
- City	118.9 sq mi (307.9 km²)
- Land	115.7 sq mi (299.7 km²)
- Water	3.2 sq mi (8.2 km²)
Elevation	1,090 ft (332 m)
Population (2000)
- City	390,007
- Density	3,370.7/sq mi (1,301.5/km²)
- Urban	767,041
- Metro	829,890
Time zone	CST (UTC-6)
- Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP codes	68022, 68101-68164
Area code(s)	402
FIPS code	31-37000[1]
GNIS feature ID	0835483[2]
Website: www.ci.omaha.ne.us

Omaha is the largest city in the state of Nebraska, United States. It is the county seat of Douglas County.^[3] As of the 2000 census, the city had a population of 390,007. According to the 2006 census estimate, Omaha's population rose to 427,872, which includes an extra population count of approximately 8,300 people by annexing the smaller city of Elkhorn. Located on the eastern edge of Nebraska, it is on the Missouri River, about 20 miles (30 km) north of the mouth of the Platte River. Omaha is the anchor of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area. Council Bluffs, Iowa lies directly across the Missouri River from Omaha. The city and its suburbs formed the 60th-largest metropolitan area in the United States in 2000, with an estimated population of 829,890 ^[4] residing in eight counties or about 1.2 million within a 50 mile (80 km) radius.

The city grew on the Missouri River, with the first settlement extending from the Lone Tree Ferry crossing from Kanesville, Iowa in the early 1850s.^[5] Omaha earned its nickname, the "Gateway to the West", because of its central location as a transportation hub for the United States in the late 1800s.^[6]

Today Omaha has a rich cultural background, including the Joslyn Art Museum, the Durham Museum, the Holland Performing Arts Center, and the Omaha Community Playhouse. The city's historical and cultural attractions have been lauded by numerous national newspapers, including the Boston Globe^[7] and the New York Times.^[8]

Along with headquarters for such companies as Berkshire Hathaway, Union Pacific Railroad, Valmont Industries, and Conagra, Omaha is known for its history with Mutual of Omaha. In 2001 Newsweek identified the city as one of the Top 10 high-tech havens, showing how much the local economy had changed.^[9] Music in Omaha has always been important to the city, with North Omaha's music scene being historically important and in modern times, the "Omaha Sound", defining an important trend across the nation.^[10]

Contents 1 History 1.1 Pioneer Omaha 1.2 Early development 1.3 Later development 1.4 Civil Rights Movement in Omaha 2 Cityscape 2.1 Metropolitan area 2.2 Neighborhoods 2.3 Landmark preservation 3 Culture 3.1 Sports 3.2 Music 3.3 Film 3.4 Media 3.5 People 4 Demographics 4.1 Racial and ethnic tension 5 Education 6 Economy 7 Geography 7.1 Climate 8 Infrastructure 8.1 Government 8.2 Recreation 8.3 Utilities 8.4 Tallest buildings 8.5 Health and medicine 8.6 Transportation 9 Sister cities 10 Image gallery 11 See also 12 References 12.1 Additional references 13 External links

[edit] History

Main article: History of Omaha, Nebraska

See also: History of North Omaha, Nebraska

Since the 1600s, the Omaha, Pawnee, Otoe, the Missouri, the Ponca and Ioway all variously occupied the land that became Omaha. The word "Omaha" (actually UmoNhoN or UmaNhaN) means "Dwellers on the bluff".^[11]

The Lewis and Clark Expedition passed by the riverbanks that would later become the city of Omaha in 1804, and met on Council Bluff at a point about 20 miles (30 km) north of present-day Omaha, at which point they met with the Otoe. That same area saw the development of Fort Lisa in 1806; Fort Atkinson in 1819; and Cabanne's Trading Post, built in 1822. The Mormons built a town called Cutler's Park in the area in 1846.

[edit] Pioneer Omaha

Before it was legal to claim land in Indian Country, William D. Brown was operating the Lone Tree Ferry to bring settlers from Council Bluffs to the area that became Omaha. Brown is generally credited as having the first vision for a city where Omaha now sits. The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 was presaged by the staking out of claims around the area that was to become Omaha by residents from neighboring Council Bluffs, Iowa. With the founding of the city on July 4, 1854, the Omaha Claim Club was formed to provide vigilante justice for claim jumpers and others who infringed on the land of many of the city's founding fathers. Some of this land was later used to entice Nebraska Territory legislators in an area called Scriptown. The violent tactics used by the Claim Club to secure land were later nullified by the U.S. Supreme Court, who ruled against numerous landowners in Baker v. Morton.

Many of Omaha's early pioneers stayed at the Douglas House, and later most of them, along with the city's founding figures, are buried in Prospect Hill Cemetery, next to soldiers from Fort Omaha, and early European immigrants and African Americans. There are several other historical cemeteries in Omaha, as well. From the second generation of Omaha's leadership to now, many notable and average Omahans have been buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in far North Omaha.

[edit] Early development

In the late 19th and early 20th century, new immigrants created a variety of ethnic enclaves throughout the city, including Little Italy, Near North Side, Sheelytown, and Little Bohemia. Most of these communities were close to where men worked at the Omaha Stockyards, Jobbers Canyon and the Union Pacific Railroad Yards in East Omaha. Four of five major meatpacking companies were located in Omaha.

In contrast, beginning in the late 1800s Omaha's upper class lived in posh suburbs throughout the city, including the south and north Gold Coast neighborhoods, Bemis Park, Field Club and throughout Midtown. They traveled the city's sprawling park system on boulevards designed by renowned landscape architect Horace Cleveland. The Omaha Horse Railway, pulled by horses, carried passengers throughout the city, as did the Omaha Cable Tramway Company.

Gambling, drinking and prostitution were widespread and controlled by Omaha's political boss, Tom Dennison, with support from Omaha's "perpetual" mayor, "Cowboy Jim" Dahlman, nicknamed for his long tenure. Prostitution was rampant in the city's Burnt District and later in the Sporting District. In 1898 Omaha 's leadership created the Trans-Mississippi Exposition, touted as a celebration of agricultural and industrial growth throughout the Midwest, along with the Indian Congress, which drew more than 500 American Indians from across the country. More than 2,000,000 visitors attended the event, held in the Kountze Place subdivision of the city.

[edit] Later development

After a tumultuous 1930s during the Great Depression, Omaha rebounded with the development of Offutt Air Force Base just south of the city. The Glenn L. Martin Company operated a factory there in the 1940s that produced 521 B-29 Superfortresses, including the Enola Gay and Bockscar. The construction of Interstates 80, 480 and 680, along with the North Omaha Freeway, spurred development but caused controversy, particularly in North Omaha, which was bisected by new routes.^[12] In 1969, Woodmen Tower was completed and became Omahas tallest building and first major skyscraper of Omaha at 478 ft (146 m)

From the 1990s Omaha has continued expanding and growing. One First National Center, or First National Bank Tower was completed in 2002 and replaced the Woodmen Tower as the tallest building in Omaha at 638 ft (194 m) The creation of NoDo included the construction of the Qwest Arena and the Slowdown/Film Streams development at 14th and Webster Streets. New construction has occurred throughout the city, with important developments in Downtown Omaha, the former Ak-Sar-Ben facility, and around West Omaha.

[edit] Civil Rights Movement in Omaha

Main article: Civil Rights Movement in Omaha, Nebraska

The civil rights movement in Omaha has roots that extend back to 1912, when a chapter was founded of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. In 1928 the Urban League of Nebraska started the first chapter in the western United States, sited in North Omaha. Both of these organizations continue to be active in Omaha. Student and youth activism in Omaha led to the creation of two local groups: Creighton University's DePorres Club, started in 1947, and the Black Association for Nationalism Through Unity (BANTU), popular throughout the 1960s.

[edit] Cityscape

[edit] Metropolitan area

Main article: Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area

The Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area consists of eight counties; five in Nebraska and three in Iowa. In descending order of population, they are:

• Douglas County, Nebraska
• Sarpy County, Nebraska
• Pottawattamie County, Iowa
• Cass County, Nebraska
• Saunders County, Nebraska
• Washington County, Nebraska
• Harrison County, Iowa
• Mills County, Iowa

The Omaha-Council Bluffs Combined Statistical Area is comprised of the Omaha-Council Bluffs Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Fremont Micropolitan Statistical Area; the CSA has a population of 858,720 (2005 Census Bureau estimate). Omaha ranks as the 43rd-largest city in the United States, and is the core city of its 60th-largest metropolitan area.

[edit] Neighborhoods

Main article: Neighborhoods of Omaha, Nebraska

Omaha is generally divided into five geographic areas: Downtown, Midtown, North Omaha, South Omaha and West Omaha. There is also small community in East Omaha.

The city has a wide range of historical and new neighborhoods and suburbs that reflect its socioeconomic diversity. Early neighborhood development of ethnic enclaves, including Little Italy, Little Bohemia and Greek Town, have given way to gated communities. Recently, Omahans have made strides to revitalize a healthy and vibrant downtown area, including the redevelopment of the Old Market and the designation of the Omaha Rail and Commerce Historic District. At the turn of the century the City of Omaha annexed several surrounding communities, including Florence, Dundee and Benson. At the same time, the city annexed all of South Omaha, including its historic neighborhoods such as Dahlman and Burlington Road. From its first annexation in 1857 (of East Omaha) to its recent and controversial annexation of Elkhorn, Omaha has constantly had an eye towards growth.

[edit] Landmark preservation

Main article: Landmarks in Omaha, Nebraska

Main article: List of Registered Historic Places in Douglas County, Nebraska

Omaha is home to dozens of nationally, regionally and locally significant landmarks. The city has more than a dozen historic districts, including Fort Omaha Historic District, Gold Coast Historic District, Omaha Quartermaster Depot Historic District, Field Club Historic District, Bemis Park Historic District, and the South Omaha Main Street Historic District. Omaha is notorious for its 1989 demolition of 24 buildings in the Jobbers Canyon Historic District, which represented the largest loss of buildings on the National Register ever lost to date.^[13] The only original building still standing is the Nash Block.

Omaha has almost one hundred individual properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places, including the Bank of Florence, Holy Family Church, the Christian Specht Building and the Joslyn Castle. There are also three properties designated as highly-selective National Historic Landmarks. Locally-designated landmarks including residential, commercial, religious, educational, agricultural and socially-significant locations across the city accentuate Omaha's cultural legacy and important history.

[edit] Culture

Main article: Culture in Omaha

Main article: Culture in North Omaha, Nebraska

Omaha is home to the Omaha Community Playhouse, the largest community theater in the United States.^[14] The Omaha Symphony Orchestra and its modern Holland Performing Arts Center^[15], the Opera Omaha at the Orpheum theater, the Blue Barn Theatre, and The Rose Theater form the backbone of Omaha's performing arts community.

Opened in 1931, the Joslyn Art Museum has significant art collections.^[16] Since its inception in 1976, Omaha Children's Museum has been a place where children can challenge themselves, discover how the world works and learn through play. The largest urban artists' colony in the world, the Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts, was founded in Omaha in 1981^[17], and the Durham Western Heritage Museum is accredited with the Smithsonian Institution for traveling exhibits from the Smithsonian^[18]. The annual Omaha Blues, Jazz, & Gospel Festival celebrates local music along with the Omaha Black Music Hall of Fame.

In 1955 Omaha's Union Stockyards overtook Chicago's stockyards as the United States' meat packing center, and this legacy is reflected in Omaha's renowned steakhouses like Gorat's and the recently closed Mister C's, as well as through the retail chain Omaha Steaks.

The Henry Doorly Zoo is widely considered one of the premier zoos in the world.^[19] It houses the world's largest indoor rainforest exhibit, indoor desert exhibit, and nocturnal animal exhibit, the largest cat complex in North America, and one of the country's best aquariums outside of SeaWorld.

Omaha's historic downtown area known as the Old Market boasts an incredible history of its own. The entire twelve city blocks that it rests on are recognized by the National Register of Historical Places. Today its warehouses and other buildings house shops, restaurants, bars, and art galleries.

The Omaha Botanical Gardens features 100 acres (40 hectares), while the new Kenefick Park recognizes Union Pacific's long history in Omaha.

North Omaha is the home to several historical cultural attractions, including the Dreamland Historical Project, Love’s Jazz & Art Center, and the John Beasley Theater. The annual River City Roundup is celebrated at Fort Omaha; Florence Days celebrate Florence history, and; Native Omaha Days is a biennial event celebrating Near North Side heritage.

There is a long history of religious influence throughout the Omaha area. The city's Christian community includes several historical churches dating from the founding of the city, as well as small, medium and megachurches. Omaha hosts the only LDS temple in Nebraska, along with a significant Jewish community. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Omaha includes 152 parishes, while there are several Orthodox Christian congregations throughout the city, as well.

[edit] Sports

Main article: Sports in Omaha, Nebraska

Further information: Trails in Omaha

Omaha's Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium is home to the Omaha Royals minor-league baseball team (the AAA affiliate of the Kansas City Royals). Since 1950, it has hosted the annual NCAA College World Series men's baseball tournament in mid-June.^[20] However there are controversial plans to build a new stadium downtown.

A tribute to Omaha's meatpacking past, the Omaha Beef indoor football team plays at the Omaha Civic Auditorium.

The Creighton University Bluejays compete in a number of NCAA Division I sports. In addition to baseball they play soccer at Morrison Stadium and basketball at the Qwest Center.

Ice hockey is a popular spectator sport in Omaha. The two Omaha-area teams are the Omaha Lancers, a USHL team that plays in the neighboring city of Council Bluffs at the Mid-America Center^[21] and the University of Nebraska at Omaha Mavericks, an NCAA Division I team that plays at the Qwest Center.

Omaha has a thriving running community and many miles of paved running and biking trails throughout the city and surrounding communities. Chief among these is the Keystone Trail. The Omaha Marathon, which also includes a Half Marathon and 10K race, takes place annually in September.

Omaha is the birthplace of numerous important historical and modern sports figures, including Baseball Hall of Famer Bob Gibson; 1989 American League Rookie of the Year Gregg Olson; NFL Running back Ahman Green; Heisman Trophy winners Johnny Rodgers, and Eric Crouch; Pro Football Hall of Famer Gale Sayers; and champion tennis player Andy Roddick.

Professional Sports in Omaha
Club	Sport	League	Venue	Championships
Omaha Royals	Baseball	AAA minor league	Rosenblatt Stadium
Omaha Beef	Indoor football	United Indoor Football	Omaha Civic Auditorium
Omaha Lancers	Hockey	United States Hockey League Wester Division	Mid-America Center
Nebraska Extreme	Semi-professional football	American Professional Football League	Unknown

[edit] Music

Main article: Music of Omaha

Omaha has a rich history in rhythm & blues and jazz as the home ground for a number of influential bands, including Anna Mae Winburn's Cotton Club Boys and Lloyd Hunter's Seranaders. Homegrown talent includes rock and roll pioneer Wynonie Harris, jazz great Preston Love, drummer Buddy Miles, Luigi Waites, and many others. Doug Ingle from the late 60's band Iron Butterfly is also from Omaha.

Contemporary music groups either located in or originally from Omaha include Mannheim Steamroller, Bright Eyes, The Faint, Cursive, Azure Ray, Tilly and the Wall and 311. The late indie-folk singer/songwriter Elliott Smith was also from Omaha. During the late 1990s, Omaha became nationally known as the birthplace of Saddle Creek Records, and the subsequent "Omaha Sound" was borne from their bands' collective style.^[22] Omaha also has a fledgling hip hop scene that includes Pigeon John, Mars Black and long-time bastion Houston Alexander, a one-time graffiti artist and current local hip-hop radio show host.^[23] Cerone Thomas, known as Scrybe, has had a number one single on college radio stations across the United States.^[24]

A long heritage of ethic and cultural bands have come from Omaha. While the Omaha Black Music Hall of Fame celebrates the city's long history of African American music, the Strathdon Caledonia Pipe Band carries on a Scottish legacy in Omaha. Internationally renowned classical conductor Antonín Dvořák wrote his 9th Symphony: From The New World after visiting Omaha's robust Czech communitiy in 1893 based on his impressions of the region.^[25] In the period surrounding World War I Valentin J. Peter encouraged Germans in Omaha to celebrate their rich musical heritage, too, with Frederick Metz, Gottlieb Storz and Frederick Krug were all influential brewers in the city whose beer gardens kept many German bands active throughout the city.

[edit] Film

In 1939, the world premiere of the film Union Pacific was held in Omaha, Nebraska and the accompanying three-day celebration drew 250,000 people. A special train from Hollywood to Omaha carried director Cecil B. DeMille and stars Barbara Stanwyck and Joel McCrea. Omaha's Girls and Boys Town was made famous by the Spencer Tracy and Mickey Rooney movie "Boys Town".

Omaha has been showcased in recent years by a handful of relatively big budget motion pictures. The city's most extensive exposure can be accredited to Omaha native Alexander Payne, the Oscar-nominated director who shot parts of About Schmidt, Citizen Ruth and Election in the city and suburbs of Papillion and LaVista.

The demolition of the Cinerama Indian Hills Theater by Nebraska Methodist Hospital represented a real loss to American cinematic history.^[26] The Dundee Theatre is the lone surviving single-screen movie theater in Omaha and still shows films.^[27]

A recent development to the Omaha film scene was the addition of the Ruth Sokolof Theater in NoDo. The two-screen theater features new American independents, foreign films, and documentaries, as well as classics, themed series, and director retrospectives. It is operated by the nonprofit arts organization Film Streams, which was founded by Omaha native Rachel Jacobson.

[edit] Media

Further information: Omaha Metro radio stations, Omaha Metro Television Stations, Omaha Metro Printed Media Outlets

The Omaha metropolitan area is served by the Omaha World-Herald, the city's major newspaper and the largest employee-owned newspaper in the United States, as well as The Reader, and Omaha Magazine. The Omaha Star, founded in 1938 in North Omaha, is Nebraska's only African American newspaper.^[28] The city also has 4 television news stations.

[edit] People

Further information: List of people from Omaha, Nebraska

Omaha is the historic and modern birthplace and home of many notable politicians, actors, musicians, business leaders and cultural leaders. Activist and son of a Baptist minister, Malcolm X, first known as Malcolm Little, was born in Omaha in 1925. The Gerald Ford birthplace site memorializes the 38th President.

Numerous actors, including Fred Astaire and Adele Astaire, Dorothy McGuire, Marlon Brando and Nick Nolte, were born in Omaha. Academy Award winner Henry Fonda also grew up in Omaha. Marlon Brando's mother encouraged Henry Fonda to pursue acting at the Omaha Community Playhouse. Mrs. Brando had helped found the playhouse. Montgomery Clift came from Omaha as well. His family's home still stands on South 33rd Street, a few blocks from that of Gerald Ford.

Omaha's rich musical heritage includes legends such as Wynonie Harris, Preston Love, Buddy Miles, Calvin Keys, Eugene McDaniels and others. The modern music scene includes the members of 311 and Bright Eyes.

Warren Buffett, the richest person in the world, lives in Omaha.^[29]

[edit] Demographics

Omaha Population by decade
1860	1,883
1870	16,083
1880	30,518
1890	140,452
1900	102,555
1910	124,096
1920	191,061
1930	214,006
1940	223,844
1950	251,117
1960	301,598
1970	346,929
1980	313,939
1990	335,795
2000	390,007
2006	427,872 (est.)

From the time that Omaha was settled in the 1850s, Jewish people, Mexicans, and African Americans, along with Czechs, Germans, and Poles filled the city with life and labor. New settlers frequently arrived in Omaha from across the Midwest, New England and New York as well.

During the mid-1860s, Scandinavians from Sweden, Norway, and Denmark moved to Omaha, followed soon after by immigrants from Italy, Greece and southern and eastern Europe. Russian Jews settled in the Near North Side before moving in large numbers to the western suburbs in the 1950s and 1960s. Asians came from China and the Philippines, and from 1970 onward, Asians arrived from Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand. Beginning in the 1990s, a large Latino population arrived in South Omaha, along with refugees from Africa, especially from Somalia and the Sudan.

As of the census^[1] of 2000, there are 390,007 people, 156,738 households, and 94,983 families residing within city limits. The population density is 3,370.7 people per square mile (1,301.5/km²). There are 165,731 housing units at an average density of 1,432.4/sq mi (553.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 78.39% White, 13.31% African American, 0.67% Native American, 1.74% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 3.91% from other races, and 1.92% from two or more races. 7.54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 156,738 households out of which 30.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% are married couples living together, 13.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% are non-families. 31.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.42 and the average family size is 3.10.

In the city the average age of the population is diverse with 25.6% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 92.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $40,006, and the median income for a family is $50,821. Males have a median income of $34,301 versus $26,652 for females. The per capita income for the city is $21,756. 11.3% of the population and 7.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 15.6% of those under the age of 18 and 7.4% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

[edit] Racial and ethnic tension

Main article: Racial Tension in Omaha, Nebraska

Omaha has been racially and ethnically diverse since its founding. At times rapid population change, overcrowded housing and job competition have aroused racial and ethnic tensions. The Greek Town Riot in 1909 flared after increased Greek immigration raised fears. Postwar tensions and job uncertainty contributed to the lynching of Willy Brown and the Omaha Race Riot of 1919, in a summer marked by riots in other major cities. In the 1960s there were several race-related riots in North Omaha, including one at the Logan Fontenelle Housing Project in the Near North Side community. The Black Panther Party was involved in tensions in the late 1960s, which culminated in the cause célèbre known as the Rice/Poindexter Case.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, gang violence and incidents between the Omaha Police Department and members of the African American community further aggravated relations between groups in north and South Omaha.

[edit] Education

Main article: Education in Omaha, Nebraska

Further information: Colleges and universities of Omaha, Nebraska

Education in Omaha is provided by many private and public institutions. Omaha Public Schools runs the city's largest public school district and is the largest school district in Nebraska with more than 45,000 students in more than 75 schools.^{[citation needed]} Millard Public schools in west Omaha has some of the highest ACT scores in the state, and has the largest high school in the state, Millard North High School. There are more than 10 colleges, universities, trade, and specialty schools in the Omaha metro area.

The Archdiocese of Omaha maintains a strong district of private Catholic schools with 21,500 students in 32 elementary schools and 9 high schools.[2]

Creighton University, ranked the top non-doctoral regional college in the Midwest by U.S. News and World Report^[30], maintains a 108-acre (0.4 km²) campus just outside of Downtown Omaha in the new NoDo district. The Jesuit-run institution has an enrollment of around 6,700 in its undergraduate, graduate, medical, and law schools. There are several other colleges and universities in Omaha, as well.

In 2007, the Nebraska Legislature approved a plan to create a learning community for Omaha-area school districts with a central administrative board.^[31]

[edit] Economy

Main article: Economy of Omaha, Nebraska

According to USA Today, Omaha ranks eighth among the nation's 50 largest cities in both per-capita billionaires and Fortune 500 companies.^[32] Major employers in the area include Alegent Health, Omaha Public Schools, First Data Corporation, Methodist Health System, Mutual of Omaha, ConAgra Foods, Nebraska Health System, Odyssey Staffing, Inc., Offutt Air Force Base, Staff Mid-America and the West Corporation.^[33]

With diversification in several industries, including banking, insurance, telecommunications, architecture/construction, and transportation, Omaha's economy has grown dramatically since the early 1990s. Omaha's most prominent businessman is Warren Buffett, nicknamed the "Oracle of Omaha", who is regularly ranked one of the richest people in the world. Omaha has five companies listed on the Fortune 500 list, including Berkshire Hathaway, ConAgra Foods, Union Pacific Railroad, Mutual of Omaha, and Kiewit Corporation.

Omaha is also home to the headquarters of several other major corporations, including The Gallup Organization, TD Ameritrade, infoUSA Werner Enterprises and First National Bank. Many large technology firms have major operations or operational headquarters in Omaha, including First Data, PayPal and LinkedIn.

The city is also home to three of the 30 largest architecture firms in the United States, including HDR, Inc., DLR Group, Inc., and Leo A. Daly Co.^[34]

As of October of 2007, the city of Omaha, the 42nd largest in the country, has the fifth highest percentage of low-income African Americans in the country.^[35]

[edit] Geography

Main article: Geography of Omaha

Omaha is located at 41°15′38″N, 96°0′47″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 118.9 square miles (307.9 km²). 115.7 square miles (299.7 km²) of it is land and 3.2 square miles (8.2 km²) of it is water. The total area is 2.67% water.

[edit] Climate

Though located at approximately the same latitude as Rome, Omaha, by virtue its location near the center of the North America far from large bodies of water or mountain ranges, has a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa), with hot summers and cold winters. Average July maximum and minimum temperatures are 88 °F (31 °C) and 66 °F (19 °C) respectively, with moderate humidity and relatively frequent thunderstorms; the January counterparts are 31 °F (-1 °C) and 11 °F (-12 °C). The maximum temperature recorded in the city is 114 °F (46 °C), the minimum -32 °F (-36 °C). Average yearly precipitation is 30 in (76 cm), falling mostly in the warmer months. What precipitation does fall in winter usually takes the form of snow, with average yearly snowfall being around 30 in (76 cm).

Weather averages for Omaha
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	69 (21)	78 (26)	91 (33)	96 (36)	103 (39)	107 (42)	114 (46)	111 (44)	104 (40)	96 (36)	83 (28)	72 (22)	114 (46)
Average high °F (°C)	31.3 (-0)	37.1 (3)	49.4 (10)	63.8 (18)	74.0 (23)	83.7 (29)	87.9 (31)	85.2 (30)	76.5 (25)	65.6 (19)	49.3 (10)	34.6 (1)	63.2 (17)
Average low °F (°C)	10.9 (-12)	16.7 (-9)	27.7 (-2)	39.9 (4)	50.9 (10)	60.4 (16)	65.9 (19)	62.9 (17)	53.6 (12)	41.2 (5)	28.7 (-2)	15.6 (-9)	39.5 (4)
Record low °F (°C)	-32 (-36)	-26 (-32)	-16 (-27)	5 (-15)	25 (-4)	39 (4)	44 (7)	43 (6)	28 (-2)	8 (-13)	-14 (-26)	-25 (-32)	-32 (-36)
Precipitation inch (mm)	0.74 (18.8)	0.77 (19.6)	2.04 (51.8)	2.66 (67.6)	4.52 (114.8)	3.87 (98.3)	3.51 (89.2)	3.24 (82.3)	3.72 (94.5)	2.28 (57.9)	1.49 (37.8)	1.02 (25.9)	29.86 (758.4)
Source: [36] 2008-01-07
Source #2: [37] 2008-01-07

[edit] Infrastructure

Omaha's growth has required the constant development of new urban infrastructures that influence, allow and encourage the constant expansion of the city.

[edit] Government

Main article: Government of Omaha

Omaha has a strong mayor form of government, along with a city council that is elected from seven districts across the city. The current mayor is Michael Fahey, who was elected in 2001 and reelected in 2005. The elected city clerk is Buster Brown. The City of Omaha administers twelve departments, including finance, police, human rights, libraries and planning.^[38]

[edit] Recreation

Main article: Parks in Omaha

The City of Omaha administers a parks and recreation department that oversees six regional parks, including Dodge Park and Gene Leahy Mall, and 13 community parks, including Miller Park and Hanscom Park. Part of Omaha's riverfront area is now the Heartland of America Park, along with Miller's Landing.

The city's historic boulevards were originally designed by Horace Cleveland in 1889 to work with the parks to create a seamless flow of trees, grass and flowers throughout the city. Florence Boulevard and Fontenelle Boulevard are among the remnants of this system.

Omaha boasts more than 80 miles (129 km) of trails for pedestrians, bicyclists and hikers. They include the American Discovery Trail, which traverses the entire United States, as well as the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, which runs westward from Omaha across 3,700 miles (5,950 km) in 11 western states.

[edit] Utilities

The gas and water public utilities in Omaha are provided by the Metropolitan Utilities District. Nebraska is the only public power state in the nation. All electric utilities are non-profit and customer-owned. Electricity in the city is provided by the Omaha Public Power District.^[39] Public housing is governed by the Omaha Housing Authority, and public transportation is provided by Metro Area Transit. Qwest and Cox provide local telephone services. The City of Omaha maintains two modern sewage treatment plants.^[40]

Portions of the Enron corporation began as Northern Natural Gas Company in Omaha. Northern provides three natural gas lines to Omaha currently. Peoples Natural Gas, a division of UtiliCorp United, serves several surrounding communities in the Omaha metro.^[41] Cox Communications provides cable television services.

[edit] Tallest buildings

Omaha's tallest building is the 45-story First National Bank Tower. As of December 2007, Construction has begun on the WallStreet Tower Omaha in place of the old union pacific building. It will be the third tallest upon completion at 373 feet (114 m).^[42]

Tallest buildings

Name	Stories	Height
One First National Center	45	634 ft (193 m)
Woodmen Tower	30	478 ft (146 m)
Masonic Manor	22	320 ft (98 m)
Union Pacific Center	19	317 ft (97 m)
First National Center	22	295 ft (90 m)
Mutual of Omaha Building	14	285 ft (87 m)
AT&T Building	16	265 ft (81 m)
Northern Natural Gas Building	19	260 ft (79 m)
1200 Landmark Center	15	255 ft (78 m)
Omaha World Herald Building	16	250 ft (76 m)

[edit] Health and medicine

Omaha is the smallest city in the United States to have three major research hospitals.^{[citation needed]} They include the Boys Town National Research Hospital, the Nebraska Medical Center and the Creighton University Medical Center. The Boys Town facility is well-known for world-class researchers in hearing-related research and high quality treatment. The Nebraska Medical Center hosts the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, a world-renowned cancer treatment facility named in honor of Omahan Eugene Eppley.^[43][44]

Further information: Hospitals in Omaha, Nebraska

[edit] Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Omaha

Further information: Railroads in Omaha

Further information: Trails in Omaha

Omaha's central role in the history of transportation across America earned it the nickname "Gate City of the West". Although Council Bluffs was chosen as the starting point for the Union Pacific Railroad, construction began from Omaha on the eastern portion of the first transcontinental railroad in the United States. By the middle of the 20th century, Omaha was served by almost every major railroad. Today, the Omaha Rail and Commerce Historic District celebrates this connection, along with the listing of the Burlington Train Station and the Union Station on the National Register of Historic Places. Omaha has been the location of Union Pacific Railroad's corporate headquarters since the company began. Located downtown, Union Pacific Center is the largest building by square feet in the state of Nebraska, and the 4th tallest in Omaha. Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service through Omaha.

Omaha's position as a transportation center was finalized with the 1872 opening of the Union Pacific Missouri River Bridge linking the transcontinental railroad to the railroads terminating in Council Bluffs. In 1888 the first road bridge the Ak-Sar-Ben Bridge opened. In the 1890s, the Illinois Central drawbridge opened as the largest bridge of its type in the world at that time. Omaha's Missouri River road bridges are now entering their second generation, including the WPA financed South Omaha Bridge (now Veteran's Memorial) which was added to the National Register of Historic Places and is currently scheduled to be demolished. In 2006 Omaha and Council Bluffs announced plans to build the Missouri River Pedestrian Bridge which should become a city landmark on its scheduled opening in November 2008.

The primary mode of transportation in Omaha is by car, with I-80, I-480, I-680, I-29, and U.S. Route 75 (JFK Freeway and North Freeway) providing freeway service across the metropolitan area. The expressway along West Dodge Road (U.S. Route 6 and Nebraska Link 28B) and U.S. Route 275 has been upgraded to freeway standards from I-680 to Fremont. Metro Area Transit runs a number of bus routes throughout the city. Omaha is laid out on a grid plan, with 12 blocks to the mile (east - west). Omaha is the location of a historic boulevard system that sought to combine the beauty of parks with the pleasure of driving cars.^[45] This system includes everything from the historic Florence and Fontenelle Boulevards to the modern Sorenson Expressway.^[46]

Eppley Airfield, Omaha's airport, serves the region with over 4.2 million passengers enplaning or deplaning in 2006. United Airlines, Southwest Airlines, US Airways, Continental Airlines, Northwest Airlines, Delta Airlines, Midwest Airlines, American Airlines, Frontier Airlines, ExpressJet Airlines, and Mesa Airlines serve the airport with direct and connecting service. General aviation airports serving the area are the Millard Municipal Airport, North Omaha Airport and the Council Bluffs Airport. Offutt Air Force Base is a military base. Eppley is situated in East Omaha, with many users driving through Carter Lake, Iowa and getting a view of Carter Lake before getting there.

[edit] Sister cities

Omaha has six sister cities, which are:

• Shizuoka, Japan
• Braunschweig, Germany
• Šiauliai, Lithuania
• Naas, Ireland
• Xalapa, Mexico
• Artemivsk, Ukraine

[edit] Image gallery

Downtown Omaha	Holiday lights in Omaha	Omaha from the ConAgra campus	Downtown Omaha from the Riverfront
View from Qwest Center Omaha parking lots	View from Abbott Drive	View of 24th & Lake Streets in North Omaha	The Webster Telephone Exchange Building, home of the Great Plains Black History Museum
Omaha's skyline as seen from the northeast in Iowa

[edit] See also

• List of lists about Omaha, Nebraska
• Westroads Mall massacre

[edit] References

[edit] Additional references

• Lawrence H. Larsen and Barbara J. Cottrell. The Gate City: A History of Omaha (1997)
• Lawrence H. Larsen, Harl A. Dalstrom, Kay Calame Dalstrom, and Barbara J. Cottrell. Upstream Metropolis: An Urban Biography of Omaha and Council Bluffs(2007)

[edit] External links

Find more about Omaha, Nebraska on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Dictionary definitions
	Textbooks
	Quotations
	Source texts
	Images and media
	News stories
	Learning resources

• Omaha travel guide from Wikitravel
• City of Omaha Official Website
• OmahaWiki.org Omaha's free on-line encyclopedia that anyone can edit
• Beerman, B.J. (2004) Where the hell is Omaha? AmericanMafia.Com - Article tells the history of Omaha's organized crime scene, including roles for various ethnic groups.
• Citro, J. (n.d.) The Italians of Nebraska. - Includes photos of important Italian landmarks in Omaha.
• IrishOmaha.com
• Omaha Discussion Board
• Omaha's Culture Club - 3/25/07 New York Times article on Omaha's burgeoning arts and music scene
• Omaha, Nebraska is at coordinates 41°15′38″N 96°00′47″W / 41.260482, -96.01299 (Omaha, Nebraska)Coordinates: 41°15′38″N 96°00′47″W / 41.260482, -96.01299 (Omaha, Nebraska)

v • d • e City of Omaha
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:See also: Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area

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v • d • e Ethnic groups in Omaha, Nebraska
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Related	Racial tension in Omaha, Nebraska  · Timeline of racial tension in Omaha, Nebraska  · Civil Rights Movement in Omaha, Nebraska  · Omaha Race Riot of 1919  · Greek Town Riot  · DePorres Club  · A Time for Burning  · History of slavery in Nebraska  · Public school controversy  · Meyer v. Nebraska  · Little Bohemia  · Little Italy  · Sheelytown

v • d • e Metropolitan area of Omaha-Council Bluffs
Primary Cities	Nebraska Omaha Iowa Council Bluffs
Cities over 10,000 (per 2000 Census)	Nebraska Bellevue  · La Vista  · Papillion
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v • d • e Municipalities and communities of Douglas County, Nebraska
County seat: Omaha
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