Michael Jackson

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For other persons named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation).
Michael Jackson

Background information
Birth name Michael Joseph Jackson
Born August 29, 1958 (1958-08-29) (age 49)
Gary, Indiana, USA
Genre(s) R&B, soul, pop, dance-pop, disco, rock, urban, funk, Motown
Occupation(s) singer, songwriter, record producer, arranger, dancer, choreographer, actor
Instrument(s) Vocals, percussion, multiple instruments
Years active 1967–present
Label(s) Motown, Epic, Sony, The Michael Jackson Company, Inc.
Associated acts The Jackson 5/Jacksons, Janet Jackson, Quincy Jones, Teddy Riley, 3T
Influences James Brown, Jackie Wilson, Diana Ross, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, Ray Charles, Sammy Davis, Jr., Fred Astaire
Website MichaelJackson.com

Michael Joseph Jackson (born August 29, 1958), often referred to as The King of Pop[1] or MJ[2] is an American musician and entertainer. The seventh child of the Jackson family, Michael Jackson debuted on the professional music scene at the age of eleven as a member of the Jackson 5,[3] and went on to become a pop icon as a solo artist. His successful career and controversial, enigmatic personal life have been a part of pop culture for almost four decades.[4] Jackson has dominated pop music since the late 1970s, becoming the first black entertainer to amass a strong cross-over following on MTV with his revolutionary transformation of the music video as an art form and as a promotional tool.[5] The popularity of videos aired on MTV such as "Beat It" and "Billie Jean" created a tremendous synergy[6] that helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"[7] and Jackson continued to be a dominant figure on MTV with videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream". Jackson also popularized physically-complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, that have redefined mainstream dance and entertainment.[8] His distinctive style, dance moves, and vocals have influenced a whole generation of hip hop, pop, and R&B artists.

He has been cited as the "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time" by Guinness World Records,[9] and holds the record for the best-selling album ever, Thriller, among 7 more guinness world records.

Michael Jackson has received thirteen Grammy Awards[10] (eight on a single night in 1984) and two of his solo albums have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[11] Jackson has charted thirteen #1 singles in the United States, more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era.[12] In November 2006, the World Music Awards announced that Jackson had sold over 750 million units worldwide[13] and given $300 million to charity, making Jackson one of the best-selling music artists and one of the most philanthropic performers of the 20th and 21st century.[14] However, Jackson's controversial appearance and actions have damaged his reputation in the eyes of some of the public and album sales have been in decline since the mid 1990s.[15]

From 1988 to 2005, Jackson lived on his Neverland Ranch property, where he built an amusement park and private zoo that was frequently attended by disadvantaged and terminally ill children. Rumors of sleepover parties received both negative media coverage and public attention after it was revealed that children had slept in his bed or bedroom. This first came to light when he was accused of child sexual abuse in 1993. Michael Jackson's relationship with children was brought into the spotlight again in 2003 when the TV documentary Living with Michael Jackson was broadcast. This resulted in Jackson being tried, and later acquitted, of more child molestation allegations and several other charges in 2005. After this, Jackson went on hiatus, traveling to countries such as Bahrain, before starting work on new material in Ireland. In early 2008, he released Thriller 25 (a special edition of the "Thriller" album), which was a commercial success selling nearly 1.5 million copies worldwide in seven weeks.[16]

Contents

Career

Early years

Main article: The Jackson 5
Michael Jackson (btm. center) as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1971
Michael Jackson (btm. center) as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1971

Jackson showed musical talent early on performing in front of his classmates and other participants during a Christmas recital in his school at five. He joined his brothers first playing congas when they formed a group in 1964 later taking a more pivotal role within a year as a background singer and occasional dancer before ascending to the group's lead singer position at the age of eight. Rolling Stone says of his early years: "First he was a prodigy" with "overwhelming musical gifts," and notes that after Jackson began to dance and sing with his brothers when he was seven, "he quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer."[3] Even though he sang with a "child's piping voice, he danced like a grown-up hoofer and sang with the R&B/gospel inflections of Sam Cooke, James Brown, Ray Charles, and Stevie Wonder."[3] During this period, the boys toured Indiana extensively, and after winning a major local talent show in 1966 with a rendition of Motown hits and James Brown's "I Got You (I Feel Good)", led by Michael, they began playing professional gigs in Chicago, Illinois and across the mid-eastern U.S. Many of these gigs were in a string of black clubs and venues collectively known as the "chitlin' circuit," and the young kids sometimes had to open for strip tease and other adult acts in order to earn money.[17]

Michael took co-lead singing duties with brother Jermaine when the group's name changed from The Jackson Brothers to The Jackson 5 in 1966. The group eventually auditioned for, and signed a contract with, Motown Records in 1968.[5] They hit stardom with their first four singles, "I Want You Back", "ABC", "The Love You Save", and "I'll Be There", which charted at #1 on the Billboard Hot 100, the first time ever a group had pulled off that feat.[17] While remaining a member of the group, [18]Jackson released a total of four solo studio albums with Motown, among them Got to Be There in 1971 and Ben in the following year. These were released as part of the Jackson 5 franchise and produced successful singles such as "Got to Be There", "Ben", and a remake of Bobby Day's "Rockin' Robin". Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice "descended ever so slightly from boy soprano to his current androgynous high tenor."[3]

The group's sales declined after 1973 and they chafed under Motown's strict refusal to allow them creative control or input. In 1976, the group signed a new contract with CBS Records (first joining the Philadelphia International division and then Epic Records).[19] Motown Records sued the group for breach of contract.[20]

As a result of the legal proceedings, which were further complicated by the fact that Jermaine Jackson was married to the daughter of Motown president (Berry Gordy), the Jacksons lost the rights to use the "Jackson 5" name and logo.[20] Jermaine left the group, choosing to stay at Motown.[21] They changed their name to "The Jacksons", featuring youngest brother Randy in Jermaine's place, and continued their successful career, touring internationally and releasing six more albums between 1976 and 1984, with Jermaine eventually re-joining in 1983, making them a sextet. From 1976 to 1984, Michael was the lead songwriter of the group,[22] writing such hits as "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)", "This Place Hotel", and "Can You Feel It". In 1978, Jackson starred as the Scarecrow in the film adaptation of the Broadway musical The Wiz with former-label mate Diana Ross playing Dorothy.[23] The songs for the musical were arranged by Quincy Jones, who established a partnership with Jackson during the film's production and agreed to produce his first solo album in four years.[20]

Off the Wall

Main article: Off the Wall

Off the Wall, released in 1979, made music history becoming the first album ever to spawn four top-ten hits, including the number-one hits, "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" and "Rock with You".[18] It reached #3 in the Billboard album charts, spending 48 consecutive weeks on the Top 20.[24] Quincy Jones and Michael Jackson jointly produced the album, with lyrics and music by Jackson, Heatwave's Rod Temperton, Stevie Wonder, and Paul McCartney, among others. The album signaled the arrival of a new Michael Jackson, one not reliant upon his brothers to further his career.[25] Off the Wall, buoyed by its catchy dance rhythms and avoidance of the "shallow excesses...of the period's disco,"[25] eventually sold some 20 million copies worldwide.[24] Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt the album should have made a much bigger impact and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release.

In January 1980, Jackson won his first awards for his solo efforts at the American Music Awards. He won "Favorite Soul/R&B Album" (for Off the Wall), "Favorite Male Soul/R&B Artist" and Favorite Soul/R&B Single (for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough").[18] Later that month, he also won two Billboard Awards (for "Top Black Artist" and "Top Black Album").[18] On February 27, 1980, Jackson won a Grammy Award for "Best R&B Vocal Performance, Male" (for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough").[18] In 2003, the TV network VH1 named Off the Wall the thirty-sixth greatest album of all time.[26] Rolling Stone ranked it #68 in their list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[27] In 2008, the Off the Wall album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[11]

Thriller

Main articles: Thriller (album), Victory Tour, We Are the World, and Captain EO
Michael Jackson in the revolutionary "Thriller" video
Michael Jackson in the revolutionary "Thriller" video

In November 1982, the storybook for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial was released and included the Jackson song, "Someone in the Dark". The album later won a Grammy for "Best Album for Children".[28] A few weeks later, Jackson released his second Epic album, Thriller. Thriller is the best selling album of all time, with varying sales between 45 million copies worldwide[29] and 104 million copies[30][31][32][33][34] while the BBC claim that the Guinness Book of World Records lists it as 65 million copies[35] (note that sales of Thriller 25 will be added to American sales).[36][37] and made Jackson's fame global. In 2007, NARM/The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ranked Thriller third on their "Definitive 200" albums list.[25] The album also became the first in history to spawn seven top-ten Billboard Hot 100 hit singles,[38] including "Billie Jean", which was the first music video by a black artist to receive regular airplay on MTV,[39] "Beat It", and the album's title track, which was accompanied by a revolutionary music video. The thirteen-minute "Thriller" video was critically acclaimed and massive airplay lead to it being packaged with the featurette Making Michael Jackson's Thriller on VHS, where it became the best-selling music home video ever.[38] Thriller spent 37 weeks at #1 and remained on the Billboard album chart for 122 weeks. It is currently certified 27x Platinum in the U.S., second only to The Eagles - Their Greatest Hits (1971-1975).[40]

Audio samples:

In 1983, while performing "Billie Jean" at the Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever concert, Jackson debuted his signature move: the moonwalk.[38] The performance sparked a new wave of interest in Thriller, which continued to sell well throughout the year. In 1983, he started a sponsorship deal with Pepsi-Cola. As part of the deal with Pepsi-Cola, he agreed to star in a commercial. While filming the commercial in front of 3,000 fans the following year, a fireworks display behind him malfunctioned, shooting a shower of sparks on the singer’s head, setting fire to his hair which caused second-degree burns.[41]

In February 1984, Jackson was nominated for twelve Grammy awards - of which he won eight[38] - breaking the record for the most Grammy awards won in a single year.[42] Seven were awarded for Thriller and the other for the E.T.: The Extra-terrestrial storybook. The following year, “The Making of Michael Jackson’s Thriller” took home the Best Video Album trophy at the 27th Annual Grammy Awards. In 1984, he also won eight American Music Awards and the "Special Award of Merit" and three MTV Video Music Awards.[38]

Thriller was a gigantic hit that made Jackson the seminal icon of American culture at the time. At the age of 25, the New York Times called him a "musical phenomenon", further commenting that "in the world of pop music, there is Michael Jackson and there is everybody else".[43] Time magazine explained that "the fallout from Thriller has given the [music] business its best years since the heady days of 1978."[44] Thriller also helped to bring music from African-American artists back into mainstream radio for the first time since the mid-1970s.[44]

As a sign of his stature at the time, Republican officials considered inviting Jackson to their national convention, in 1984, where they would renominate Reagan, but a change of plans left Ron Walker, the convention manager, stating that "We never thought we had a ghost of a chance."[45]

After reuniting with his brothers, he helped to write and produce the Victory album. He then joined his brothers for the Victory Tour, which started on July 6, 1984 and lasted for five months.[38] That year, Jackson was invited to the White House and was thanked by President Ronald Reagan at a White House ceremony for allowing the song "Beat It" to be used in drunk driving prevention television and radio public service announcements.[46]

Jackson continued his charity work in 1985 by co-writing with Lionel Richie the hit song "We Are the World", and singing a featured solo on the charity single. The record helped to raise money and awareness for the famine in East Africa and was one of the first instances where Jackson was seen as a humanitarian. The song also won a Grammy for "Song of the Year".[38] "We Are the World" became one of the top five best-selling singles of all time and the best selling single of the 1980s.[47]

Tabloid stories of Jackson sleeping in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber to stall the aging-process, and an allegation claiming Jackson attempted to purchase the bones of the Elephant Man began appearing. These inspired the pejorative sobriquet "Wacko Jacko" which Jackson came to hate.[48]

In 1986, Jackson starred in the George Lucas-produced, Francis Ford Coppola-directed 3-D film Captain EO. The film lasted 17 minutes but had costs estimated at $17 million.[49] At the time, it was the most expensive film produced on a per-minute basis. In the U.S., the Disney theme parks hosted Captain EO. Disneyland featured the film in Tomorrowland from September 18, 1986 until April 7, 1997.[50] It was also featured in Walt Disney World in Epcot from September 12, 1986 until July 6, 1994.[50]

In 2008, the Thriller album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[11]

Bad

Main articles: Bad (album) and Bad World Tour
Michael Jackson's meeting in 1990 with President George H. W. Bush
Michael Jackson's meeting in 1990 with President George H. W. Bush

In 1987, Jackson released Bad; his third album for the Epic Records label, and the final album with producer Quincy Jones.[38] He initially wanted to make the album 30 tracks long, but Jones cut this down to 11. According to Jones, Jackson wanted the title track to be a duet with Prince who later declined the duet.[51] Jones said the reason given by Prince was that he thought the song would be a hit whether he was in it or not.[52] With the industry expecting another monster hit, the release was heavily anticipated as it was Jackson's first album in five years.[53] The album had over two million advance orders.[53] Jackson hired film director Martin Scorsese to direct the video for the album's title track.[54]

Audio samples:

Bad had lower sales compared to Thriller, but was still a commercial success. In the U.S., it spawned seven hit singles, five of which went to #1: "I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror",and "Dirty Diana". [55] Two decades after it was released, Bad still holds the record for generating more #1 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 charts than any other album.[55] It went on to sell over 32 million copies worldwide and the RIAA certified Bad at 8x Platinum.[55] At the 1993 Grammy Awards, the album was acknowledged as the second best selling album of all time, but has since been overtaken.[56] In September 1987, Jackson embarked upon his first solo world tour, the Bad World Tour, which had record-breaking attendance figures. In Japan alone, Jackson had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the previous record of 200,000 in a single tour.[57] The tour lasted sixteen months with Jackson performing 123 concerts to over 4.4 million fans worldwide.[58]

This period saw Jackson enjoy "a level of superstardom previously known only to Elvis Presley, The Beatles, and Frank Sinatra."[59] This success led to him to be dubbed the "King of Pop",[1]. The nickname was conceived by actress and friend Elizabeth Taylor when she presented Jackson with an "Artist of the Decade" award in 1989, proclaiming him "the true king of pop, rock and soul."[60] In 1990, the White House presented the singer with its own special "Artist of the Decade" award, in recognition Michael Jackson's musical influence in the 1980s. It was delivered to Jackson by President George H. W. Bush, who commended Jackson for acquiring a "tremendous following", among other achievements.[61]

Dangerous

Main articles: Dangerous (album) and Dangerous World Tour

In November 1991, Jackson released Dangerous, which, at roughly 30 million copies worldwide,[62] registered sales figures almost identical to those of Bad and became one of the most successful New jack swing albums of all time. Dangerous featured several hits, including "Black or White", "Remember the Time", "In the Closet", "Give In To Me", and "Heal the World". Dangerous was highly anticipated, as highlighted by an incident at the Los Angeles International Airport that witnessed a group of armed robbers stealing 30,000 copies of the new album before its official release [63] .

The biggest hit single in the United States from the album was "Black or White", which reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and remained there for seven weeks,[62] with similar performances around the world. The single was accompanied by a controversial video, premiering as a simulcast on the Fox network, MTV, and BET, which featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violent behavior. The offending scenes in the final half of the fourteen minute version of "Black or White" were edited out to prevent the video from being banned.[1] on November 14, 1991, the video for "Black or White" simultaneously premièred in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video.[12]

The second single released from Dangerous was "Remember The Time" which spent 8 weeks in the top 5 in U.S..[64] The song hit a peak at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and #1 on Billboard's R&B Singles chart. In 1993, Jackson performed the song at the Soul Train Awards in a wheel chair saying he had an injury in rehearsals.[65]At the ceremony, he was given three awards "Best Male Single" of the year for "Remember The Time", "Best R&B Album" for Dangerous and a Humanitarian Award for his charitable contributions to date.[66]

In the UK, as well as other parts of Europe, "Heal the World" was the biggest hit from the album. In Britain, it sold 455,000 copies alone and spent five weeks at #2. It was the Christmas #2 of 1992 and because of extra seasonal sales it outsold "Black or White".[67]

Later that year, Jackson made most high-profile international visits: a trip to Africa in which he visited several countries, among them Gabon and Egypt.[68] This was the singer's second arrival on the continent, his first having occurred as a 14-year-old with the Jackson 5.[68] His first stop to Gabon was greeted with a sizable reception of more than 100,000 people in "spiritual bedlam", some of them carrying signs that read, "Welcome Home Michael".[68] In his trip to the Ivory Coast, Jackson visited the gold-mining village of Krindjabo, populated by the Agni tribe and located near the capital of Abidjan, and was crowned "King Sani" by a tribal chief.[68] He then thanked the dignitaries in French and English, signed official documents formalizing his kingship, and sat on a golden throne while presiding over ceremonial dances.[68] Jackson finished his stay in Africa by going to Egypt and promoting the Dangerous album. In January 1993, he performed during the halftime show at Super Bowl XXVII. It drew one of the largest viewing audiences in the history of American television.[69] Jackson was given the "Living Legend Award" at the 35th Annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles.[70]

HIStory

Main articles: HIStory, Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix, HIStory World Tour, and BRIT awards
The Jackson siblings in "Scream." It remains the most expensive music video ever made winning numerous awards
The Jackson siblings in "Scream." It remains the most expensive music video ever made winning numerous awards

In June 1995, Jackson released HIStory: Past, Present And Future - Book I,[70] which received a Grammy nomination for "Album Of The Year"[71] as well as four more nominations including winning one (seen below). It sold 18 million copies (36 million units) worldwide making it the largest selling multiple-disc album of all time by a solo artist.[72][73]To promote the album, Jackson embarked on the successful HIStory World Tour,[70] which was attended by more than four and a half million people. The first disc, HIStory Begins, was a fifteen-track greatest hits album (this disc was later released as Greatest Hits - HIStory Vol. I, in 2001). The second disc, HIStory Continues, contained fifteen new songs.

The first single released from HIStory was "Scream", sung and performed with his sister Janet Jackson. The single had the best ever debut at #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and had a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals" [71]. The music video for "Scream" is one of his most critically acclaimed winning three MTV awards in 1995 and a Grammy in 1996.[70] "Scream" is currently the most expensive music video ever made.[74] "You Are Not Alone" was the second single released from HIStory and would become the first song ever to debut at #1 on the Hot 100,[62](beating his previous single "Scream"). It reached #1 in various international markets, including Britain. It was seen as a major artistic, commercial success and received a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Vocal Performance".[71]

"Earth Song" was the third single released from HIStory, it was accompanied by a well received expensive music video that was nominated for a grammy in 1996 but lost to his earlier video "Scream".[75] The song topped the UK singles chart for six weeks over Christmas in 1995 and sold one million copies there, making it his most successful UK single, surpassing the success of "Billie Jean". At the 1996 BRIT Awards, Jackson was awarded as the Artist of A Generation.[76] At the ceremony Jackson performed the track "Earth Song", dressed in white and surrounded by children and an actor portraying a rabbi. Pulp lead singer Jarvis Cocker leapt onstage and made rude gestures, and in the ensuing scuffle, several children received minor injuries.[77]

During the "HIStory World Tour", Slash joined Jackson onstage for some shows, including one in Seoul, South Korea in 1996. This was held at the Chamsil Olympic Stadium and filmed for a live broadcast and commercial release on VHS.[78] Slash also appeared at Jackson's MTV Music Video Awards 1995 performance during "Black or White", played a solo, then played along to the opening of "Billie Jean".[79]

In 1997, Jackson released an album of new material titled Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix, with remixes of hit singles from HIStory, and five new songs;[70] it sold six million copies worldwide and became the greatest selling remix album ever, reaching #1 in Britain. [62] Of the new songs, three were released globally: the title track, "Ghosts" and "Is It Scary". The title track reached #1 in the UK. The singles "Ghosts" and "Is It Scary" were based on a film created by Jackson called "Ghosts".[80] The short film, written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan Winston, features many special effects and dance moves choreographed to original music written by Jackson.[81] The music video for "Ghosts" is over 35 minutes long and is currently the world's longest music video.[82]

Invincible

Main article: Invincible (album)

In October 2001, Invincible was released[83] and debuted at number-one in thirteen countries.[69] Invincible went on to sell nearly 8 million copies worldwide. [62] The album spawned three singles: "You Rock My World," "Cry," and "Butterflies." Around the same time that Invincible came out, Jackson and 35 other artists recorded a charity benefit single entitled "What More Can I Give", designed to raise money for 9/11 victims, which was never released. Just before the release of Invincible, Jackson informed the head of Sony Music Entertainment, Tommy Mottola, that he was not going to renew his contract;[1] the contract was about to expire in terms of supplying the label with albums of full-new material for release through Epic Records/SME. In 2002, all singles releases, video shootings, and promotions concerning the Invincible album were canceled.

Subsequently, Jackson made allegations that Mottola was a "devil" and a "racist" who did not support his African American artists[1] and who used black artists for his own personal gain[1] [84][85]. Sony disputed these allegations, pointing out that Mottola was once married to biracial pop star Mariah Carey.[86][87] The sales for this album were poor compared to his previous releases, which may be due to the lack of a supporting world tour and because only one music video was released to promote the album. While most reviewers called the album Jackson's least impressive effort,[88][89][90] the reviews that were negative often discussed the singer's perceived eccentric image rather than the music.[91]

On September 7 and September 10, 2001, Jackson organized a special 30th Anniversary celebration at Madison Square Garden for his 30th year of being a solo artist. The show aired on November 13, 2001 and[83] featured performances by Mýa, Usher, Whitney Houston, 'N Sync, the Jacksons, Slash, and a number of other artists.[92] In wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks, Jackson helped organize the United We Stand: What More Can I Give benefit concert at RFK Stadium in Washington D.C.. The concert was aired on October 21, 2001, and included performances from dozens of major artists, including Jackson, who performed his song "What More Can I Give" as the finale.

Career hiatus, reissues and return to public eye

Main articles: Number Ones and Visionary: The Video Singles

In November 2003, Jackson and Sony Records released a compilation of his number-one hits on CD and DVD titled Number Ones. The compilation has sold over six million copies worldwide.[62] On the album's scheduled release date, while Jackson was in Las Vegas filming the video for "One More Chance" (the only new song included in the Number Ones compilation), the Santa Barbara Sheriff's Department searched Jackson's home, the Neverland Ranch.[93]

After being acquitted of the charges June 13, 2005 , Jackson relocated to the Persian Gulf island of Bahrain, where he reportedly bought a house formerly owned by a Bahrain MP.[94] Jackson reportedly spent his time in the Persian Gulf writing new music. In September 2005, Jackson's spokesperson Raymone Bain announced that Jackson was busy producing an all-star charity single — called "I Have This Dream" — to help raise relief funds for victims of Hurricane Katrina. Some of the artists initially announced by Bain as involved were never confirmed, and were omitted from later mentions of participants and the song was not released.[95]

In February 2006, Jackson's label released Visionary: The Video Singles, a box set made up of twenty of his biggest hit singles, each of which were issued individually week by week over a five-month period.[96] Sony released the Visionary box set in the US on November 14, 2006.[97]

Jackson's first documented public appearance since his trial was in November 2006 when he visited the London office of the Guinness World Records. There, he received eight awards, among them the "First Entertainer to Earn More Than 100 Million Dollars in a Year" and the "First Entertainer to Sell More Than 100 Million Albums Outside the U.S.".[98] Jackson was awarded the Diamond Award on November 15, 2006, for selling over 100 million albums, at the World Music Awards. Despite tabloid rumors prior to the event,[99][100][101] he did not perform Thriller, instead joining a choir on stage for a verse of "We Are the World" reaching an estimated worldwide audience of around one billion viewers, in over 160 countries. [102]

Following the death of James Brown, more than 8000 people watched as several artists, including Jackson, paid tribute during Brown's public funeral on December 30, 2006.[103] Reverend Al Sharpton, who was close to Brown, delivered his sermon at the funeral, in which he stated that in the last conversation he had with Brown, he had said that artists like Jackson needed to continue to make positive music for all people.[103]

In October and November 2007, Jackson did photo shoots to commemorate the 25th Anniversary of Thriller in L'Uomo Vogue, the Italian men's version of Vogue magazine[104] and Ebony Magazine.[105]

25th anniversary of Thriller

Main article: Thriller 25

On February 3, 2008 a televised SoBe Life Water (a subsidiary of PepsiCo) ad featuring super model Naomi Campbell dancing with the SoBe geckos to "Thriller" aired during Super Bowl XLII, exposing the song to over 95 million Americans. The ad also aired at the Grammys on February 10 and marked the first time Jackson has been associated with the Pepsi label since 1993.[106][107][108]

On February 11, 2008, Jackson released a 25th anniversary edition of his top-selling album Thriller called Thriller 25. It is a double disc album; disc one contains the original nine tracks from "Thriller", five remixed "Thriller" tracks, a new song called "For All Time" and a voice over by Vincent Price. Disc two is a DVD which contains the three music videos from "Thriller" and Jacksons performance of "Billie Jean" at Motown 25. The album featured will.i.am, Fergie, Kanye West, and Akon[109] with single releases alongside the album.

Internationally, "The Girl Is Mine 2008" was released as a downloadable single on January 14[110] and on CD on January 25.[111] In the United Kingdom the CD release was pushed back to February 4.[112] In the United States, "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008" was the first single released on January 23.[113][114] "The Girl Is Mine 2008" reached #2 in Japan, #3 in Mexico, #6 in the Netherlands, #7 on the United World Airplay Chart, a top 20 position in the major European markets but saw disappointing sales in Canada.[115][116][117][118][119][120] "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008" reached #3 in Sweden, #4 in New Zealand, #8 in Australia, #32 in Canada, but saw disappointing sales in America.[121][122][123][124][125] On March 21, "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008" will see its physical release in Europe.[126] These are Jackson's first singles since "One More Chance" in 2003. Then album tracks "Beat It 2008" and "Billie Jean 2008" charted moderately around the world without being released as singles.[127][128][129][130]

"Thriller 25" was a commercial success selling almost 1,500,000 copies worldwide in seven weeks and spending two weeks at number one on the United World Chart (see lead). In the U.S., Thriller 25 was the second best-selling album of its debut week, at 166,000 copies, 14,000 short of first. It was unable to chart on the Billboard 200 due to its age but entered the Pop Catalog Charts (where it has spent seven weeks at #1), with the best sales week since December 1996 and #2 the Comprehensive Chart (where it peaked for two weeks). This was Jacksons best launch since Invincible in 2001, significantly outselling The Essential Michael Jackson which sold 8,000 copies in 2005[131][132][133] and sales of "Thriller 25" in the U.S. are more than 350,000 copies.[134][135] Elsewhere the album peaked at number one in India, Korea, Thailand[136], Argentina (for two weeks[137]), Belgium (for two weeks[138]), Colombia[139], Europe[140], France (for three weeks[141]) and Norway (highest peak their of his career[140][142]). It peaked at number two in Australia (for four weeks), Canada[143] Denmark (for two weeks[144]), Germany[145], Mexico(for two weeks[146]), Brazil[147] and the Netherlands (for two weeks[148]). It peaked at number three in the UK[140] and peaked at number eight in Japan[149]. In total it reached the top 10 in thirty national charts.[150]

Forthcoming studio album

Main article: Michael Jackson's forthcoming studio album

Shortly after Thriller 25, Jackson is expected to release the new album he has been working on. There have been reports of collaborations with will.i.am,[151] Teddy Riley,[152] Akon,[151] and Chris Brown.[151] Initially, it was thought that the Bahrain-based label Two Seas would release the album, but, in September 2006, it was made apparent that Jackson and Two Seas were no longer affiliated with each other.[153] Consequently, Jackson formed The Michael Jackson Company, Inc. which will oversee both his finances and the release of his new album.[153]

Influence

See Also: Legacy of Thriller

In the mid-1980s, Time Magazine called Jackson the biggest solo star since Elvis Presley. [44] He has had a notable impact on music and culture throughout the world while also tearing down racial barriers and paving the way for modern pop music and the concept of the modern pop star in his own country and has been calls him a person with "planetary influence"[8]. He has also been described as an "extremely important figure in the history of popular culture" and a "genius"[154]. Throughout his four-decade career, he has received numerous honors and awards, including the World Music Award's Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium, the American Music Award's Artist of the Century Award,[155] and the Bambi's Pop Artist of the Millennium Award.[156] He is a double-inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (once as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1997 and as a solo artist in 2001)[59] and an inductee of the Songwriters Hall of Fame.[157] He is characterized as "an unstoppable juggernaut, possessed of all the tools to dominate the charts seemingly at will: an instantly identifiable voice, eye-popping dance moves, stunning musical versatility, and loads of sheer star power".[5] In 1990, Vanity Fair magazine named him the "Most Popular Artist in the History of Show Business".[158] Jackson's work has influenced and spawned a whole generation of a wide variety of artists, including Mariah Carey,[3] Usher,[159] Britney Spears,[3] Justin Timberlake,[160] Omarion,[161] Ne-Yo,[162] and Chris Brown,[163] among others.

Music videos and MTV

Further information: Michael Jackson's Music Videos

Michael Jackson is widely regarded as being the first artist to elevate music videos to a meaningful art form,[8] setting off new trends of story-telling, mini-movies, and choreographed dance sequences that dominate the genre to this day.

Style and performance

Among the most celebrated aspects of Jackson's career have been his dance, fashion, and vocal styles, which have given rise to impersonators all over the world. In 1984, TIME magazine wrote the following on the singer's notable style: "His high-flying tenor makes him sound like the lead in some funked-up boys choir, even as the sexual dynamism irradiating from the arch of his dancing body challenges Government standards for a nuclear meltdown. His lithe frame, five-fathom eyes, long lashes might be threatening if Jackson gave, even for a second, the impression that he is obtainable".[44]

Jackson at Motown 25 in 1983
Jackson at Motown 25 in 1983

On March 25, 1983, Jackson debuted "Billie Jean" before a live audience during taping of the tribute special Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever. Having reunited with the Jackson 5 for a medley of their hits, he remained onstage for a solo performance and as he addressed the crowd they began chanting for "Billie Jean". Dressed in a glittery black jacket, sparkling silver shirt, tight black pants cuffed high to showcase white spangled socks and black penny loafers, and a single sequined glove, Jackson signalled the start of his routine by grabbing his crouch and snapping a black fedora to his head. Half way through the performance Jackson threw his fedora into the crowd causing audience members to scream and shout. It was during this performance that Jackson also debuted a set of dance moves which included the "Moonwalk" (which was named by the media). The "moonwalk" followed by a tornado spin and then balancing up on his toes have since gone on to become Jackson's trademark dance piece, and is virtually synonymous with the song. The performance sealed his position as a dance legend up against the likes of Fred Astaire (who actually called Jackson the next day to congratulate him) and its also said to match the affect on popular culture that Elvis Presley and The Beatles had when they appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show. Ironically, the move is not featured at any point during the music video. Despite Jackson lip-syncing his song the audience rose to their feet giving an ovation and is often cited as one of the greatest life performances of all time. Upon its broadcast on May 16, over forty-seven million viewers witnessed Jackson's performance.[62] Of the performance The New York Times stated "The moonwalk that he made famous is an apt metaphor for his dance style. How does he do it? As a technician, he is a great illusionist, a genuine mime. His ability to keep one leg straight as he glides while the other bends and seems to walk requires perfect timing".[164]

In the late 1980's, Jackson experimented with an innovative 'leaning' move in his music video performances for which he was granted U.S. Patent 5,255,452[165].

Jackson's outfits have been central components of his image. In the early 1980's he wore a sequined white glove, the jackets in the "Thriller" and "Beat it" music videos, white socks (with short pants to emphasis them) and sparkly jackets. In the late 1980's to late 1990's Jackson shifted to wearing Fedoras, military jackets, shin pads, sun glasses and plasters on his fingers (or occasionally a pair of black sparkly gloves). He continued to wear white socks with short pants. In the 2000's Jackson rarely appears in flamboyant costumes, occasionally wearing shin pads, but usually a red shirt, black full lengh pants and sunglasses. Over time his hair went from short curly, to long curly , to long and straight.

Personal life

Michael Jackson's personal life has been under the spotlight for decades. His marriages, children, physical appearance, humanitarian efforts, and accusations of child molestation have all received considerable media coverage world-wide.

Childhood

Michael Joseph Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana to a working-class family, the sixth of seven brothers and the eighth of ten children of Joseph Walter (Joe) and Katherine Esther (née Scruse) of African American descent. Katherine, a Jehovah's Witness, raised the children in that faith, while Joe, who initially started studying with the Witnesses, eventually decided not to join.[20] Jackson's father was a steel mill employee who often performed in an R&B band called "The Falcons" with his brother Luther. The father was a strict disciplinarian, and many of the Jackson children recall being spanked or whipped by their father for misbehaving.[166]

Marriages and children

Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis Presley, in 1994. Presley maintained during their marriage that they shared a married couple's life and were sexually active.[167] They divorced less than two years later, although still remain friends.[168]

On November 14, 1996, during the Australian leg of the HIStory World Tour, Jackson married his dermatologist's nurse Deborah Jeanne Rowe, with whom he fathered a son, Michael Joseph Jackson, Jr. (also known as "Prince"), and a daughter, Paris Katherine Jackson. Jackson and Rowe divorced in 1999. Jackson later said that Rowe wanted him to have the children as a "gift".[169] Jackson's third child, Prince Michael Jackson II (a.k.a. Blanket) was born in 2002[170]

In November 2002, a media frenzy arouse around a picture of Jackson holding his baby outside an hotel window. Jackson traveled to Berlin to accept an award for his humanitarian efforts. He was surrounded by fans outside his room at the Hotel Adlon who were chanting in approval of the singer. According to the pop star, they also called out to see his baby. In response, Jackson brought his son onto the balcony, holding him in his right arm with a cloth loosely draped over the baby's face in order to protect his identity from the media. Jackson briefly extended the baby over the railing of the balcony. Jackson said that the media was wrong in their comments about him being irresponsible with his children, "I love my children," he explained. "I was holding my son tight. Why would I throw a baby off the balcony? That's the dumbest, stupidest story I ever heard."[171]

Humanitarian efforts

Jackson began his charity work in 1981 with his brothers following the Triumph tour where they raised $100,000 for the Atlanta Children's Foundation.[172] In 1984, following his burning accident with Pepsi the drinks manufacture gave Jackson a $1.5 million out of court settlement which he donated to the Michael Jackson Burn Centre set up in his Honour.[173] In July 1984 he donated his $5million share from the Victory tour to charity.[173] In 1985 Jackson co-wrote with Lionel Richie the hit song "We Are the World", and sung a featured solo on the charity single. The record helped to raise money and awareness for the famine in East Africa and was one of the first instances where Jackson was seen as a humanitarian. All profits from his 1988 hit single "Man in the Mirror" went to charity.[174]

From 1985–1990 Jackson had donated $500,000 to the United Negro College Fund.[175] In 1992, Jackson founded the "Heal the World Foundation" (named after his humanitarian single "Heal the World"). The charity organization brought underprivileged children to Jackson's Neverland Ranch, located outside Santa Ynez, California, to go on theme park rides which Jackson had built on the property after he purchased it in 1988 and spread millions of dollars around the globe to help children threatened by war and disease.[62] All profits from the Dangerous World Tour went to his foundation raising many millions of dollars in relief. Jacksons 1995 international #1 hit Earth Song showed a shift in his concerns to environmental issues and ends with a disclaimer asking for donations for his "Heal the World Foundation".

In late 2002, Jackson's Heal the World Foundation had net assets of just US$3,542 and reported $2,585 in expenses, mostly for management fees. The foundation was suspended in California since April 2002 for failing to file annual statements required of tax-exempt organizations, according to John Barrett, spokesman for the state Franchise Tax Board.[176] Jackson has donated and raised a total of $300 million to good causes and supported 39 charities.[14]

Physical appearance

Jackson's skin was a medium-brown color for the entire duration of his youth, but starting in 1982 his skin gradually became paler. This change became so noticeable that it gained widespread media coverage, with some media outlets claiming that he was bleaching his skin. The structure of his face has changed as well, and several surgeons have speculated that Jackson has undergone multiple nasal surgeries as well as a forehead lift, thinned lips and cheekbone surgery.[177]

Appearing on The Oprah Winfrey Show in 1993, Jackson addressed the rumors claiming that the change in his skin color was due to the disease vitiligo.[178] In the interview, Jackson became emotional, saying that: "I'm a black American, I am proud of my race. I am proud of who I am. I have a lot of pride and dignity... I have a skin disorder that destroys the pigmentation of my skin, it's something that I cannot help, OK? But when people make up stories that I don't want to be what I am it hurts me... It's a problem for me that I can't control."[178] Jackson also responded to tabloid rumors about the amount of plastic surgery he had had done, insisting that he's had "Very, very little. I mean you can count on my two fingers," and furthermore said that "I've never had my cheekbones done, never had my eyes done, never had my lips done and all this stuff, they just go too far."[178] These assertions echoed what Jackson wrote in his 1988 autobiography Moon Walk: that he only had two rhinoplastic surgeries and the surgical creation of a cleft in his chin. In the book, he attributed the noticeable change in the structure of his face to puberty and diet.[179] Despite Jackson's protests, some news sources, particularly tabloid newspapers, have pointedly continued to express skepticism about his claims.[180]

Child molestation charges

Main article: People v. Jackson

Jackson was reported to be allowing children to sleep over at his Neverland ranch. This practice came under much media and public scrutiny, in 1993, when child molestation allegations were brought against Jackson by a child who had stayed with him on several occasions. That year, Jordan Chandler, the son of former Beverly Hills dentist Evan Chandler, represented by civil lawyer Larry Feldman, accused Jackson of child sexual abuse. On December 22, Jackson responded to the allegations via satellite from his Neverland compound and claimed to be "totally innocent of any wrongdoing". On January 25, 1994, Jackson settled out of court with the accuser for an undisclosed sum, reported to be US$20 million. The family dropped the charges.[181]

I have spent my entire life helping millions of children across the world. I would never harm a child. It is unfortunate that some individuals have seen fit to come forward and make a complaint that is completely false. Years ago, I settled with certain individuals because I was concerned about my family and the media scrutiny that would have ensued if I fought the matter in court. These people wanted to exploit my concern for children by threatening to destroy what I believe in and what I do. I have been a vulnerable target for those who want money.[182]

– Michael Jackson

On December 18, 2003, Jackson was charged with seven counts of child molestation and two counts of administering an intoxicating agent in order to commit that felony, all regarding the same boy, Gavin Arvizo, under 14 at the time of the incident. The felony complaint stated that Jackson had committed seven lewd acts and two acts of administration of an intoxicating agent to enable the former accusations. Jackson denied these allegations, saying that the sleepovers were in no way sexual in nature. Jackson's friend, Elizabeth Taylor, defended him on Larry King Live, saying that she had been there when they "were in the bed, watching television. There was nothing abnormal about it. There was no touchy-feely going on. We laughed like children, and we watched a lot of Walt Disney. There was nothing odd about it."[183]

The People v. Jackson trial began in Santa Maria, California, on January 31, 2005, and lasted until the end of May 2005, with Jackson being acquitted on all counts in June. The District Attorney of Santa Barbara County in California, Tom Sneddon, has led two efforts against Jackson involving child molestation.[184] The first incident, in 1993, resulted in no charges and the second, at the end of 2003, culminated in a trial two years later in which Jackson was found not guilty. These prosecutions have led to complaints that Sneddon was motivated by a "vendetta" against Jackson. Evidence to support these claims include Sneddon joked about Jackson's greatest hits album being released on the same day as his arrest, called him "Wacko Jacko" and also shouted "we got him, we finally got him" to the world media when he had at the time only just began an investigation so had limited information or evidence.[185][186][20]

Finances

Michael Jackson purchased ownership in ATV Music Publishing in 1985, which owns the publishing rights to songs written by The Beatles and many other acts. In 1995, Jackson and Sony Music Publishing merged their two catalogues to create Sony-ATV. Jackson's 50% interest in the company (Sony Music Entertainment owns the other half) is estimated to be worth USD $500 million. Jackson also owns his own music catalogue called MiJac Publishing, which contains all of his songs and songs from Sly & the Family Stone.[187]

In exchange, Sony negotiated with a loans company on behalf of Jackson. Jackson's $200m in loans were due in December 2005 and were secured on the catalogue. Jackson failed to pay and Bank of America sold them to Fortress Investments, a company dealing in distressed loans. However, Jackson has not as yet sold any of the remainder of his stake. The possible purchase by Sony of 25% of Sony/ATV Music Publishing is a conditional option; it is assumed the singer will try to avoid having to sell part of the catalogue of songs including material by other artists such as Bob Dylan and Destiny's Child. As another part of the deal Jackson was given a new $300 million loan, and a lower interest rate on the old loan to match the original Bank of America rate. When the loan was sold to Fortress Investments they increased the interest rate to 20%.[188] An advisor to Jackson, however, did publicly announce he had "restructured his finances with the assistance of Sony."[189]

Michael Jackson owes a $5 million interest payment to Fortress Trust, the publicly traded hedge fund that bought his $272 million loan from Bank of America in April 2005 (the loan has been refinanced to $325 million by Fortress). The payment was due on Oct. 31, 2007.[190]

On March 9, 2006, California state labor officials closed the singer's Neverland Ranch and fined him $69,000 for failure to provide employment insurance. The state "stop order" bars Jackson from "using any employee labor" until he secured required workers' compensation insurance. In addition to being fined $1,000 for each of his 69 workers, Jackson is liable for up to 10 days pay for those employees who now are no longer allowed to report to Neverland for work.[191] Thirty Neverland employees have also sued Jackson for $306,000 in unpaid wages.[192]

Soon after this payment, Jackson's spokesperson announced on March 16, 2006 that Jackson was closing his house at Neverland and had laid off some of the employees but added that reports of the closing of the entire ranch were inaccurate.[193]

On July 14, 2006, the jury awarded Schaffel $900,000 of the original $3.8 million he sued Jackson for, which Schaffel later reduced to $1.6 million, and finally to $1.4 million.[194] The jury also awarded Jackson $200,000 plus interest of the $660,000 that Jackson claimed he was owed by Schaffel.[195]

On July 31, 2006, a federal judge allowed a $48 million claim against Jackson and one of Jackson's trusts for unpaid fees and breach of contract. "Prescient Acquisition Group" claimed the singer owed fees for the company's help in refinancing his debts and claiming a larger stake in a library of Beatles songs. All parties were ordered to reappear in court in September.[196]

Discography

Main articles: Michael Jackson album discography and Michael Jackson singles discography
Studio albums
Motown releases
Epic releases
U.S. number one singles (13)
Number ones in selected countries

Filmography

Main article: Michael Jackson filmography
Notable music videos
Films

See also

References

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v • d • e
Michael Jackson
Studio albums Got to Be There · Ben · Music & Me · Forever, Michael · Off the Wall · Thriller · Bad · Dangerous · HIStory · Invincible · TBA
Other albums One Day in Your Life · Farewell My Summer Love · Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix · Greatest Hits - HIStory Volume I · Number Ones · The Ultimate Collection · The Essential Michael Jackson · Visionary: The Video Singles · Thriller 25
Solo tours Bad World Tour · Dangerous World Tour · HIStory World Tour
Filmography The Wiz · Thriller · Captain EO · Moonwalker · Ghosts
Video releases Dangerous - The Short Films · Video Greatest Hits - HIStory · HIStory on Film, Volume II · Live in Bucharest: The Dangerous Tour · Moonwalker · Number Ones · The One
See also The Jackson 5 · Singles discography · Controversies · Awards · Records and achievements · Tours
v • d • e
Michael Jackson singles discography
Got to Be There "Got to Be There" · "Rockin' Robin" · "I Wanna Be Where You Are" · "Ain't No Sunshine"
Ben "Ben"
Music and Me "With a Child's Heart" · "Music and Me" · "Happy"
Forever, Michael "We're Almost There" · "Just a Little Bit of You"
The Wiz "Ease on Down the Road" (w/ Diana Ross) · "You Can't Win" · "A Brand New Day" (w/ Diana Ross)
Off the Wall "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" · "Rock With You" · "Off the Wall" · "She's out of My Life" · "Girlfriend"
One Day in Your Life "One Day in Your Life"
Thriller "The Girl Is Mine" (w/ Paul McCartney) · "Billie Jean" · "Beat It" · "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" "Human Nature" · "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)" · "Thriller"
Farewell My Summer Love "Farewell My Summer Love" / "Girl You're So Together"
Bad "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" (w/Siedah Garrett) · "Bad" · "The Way You Make Me Feel" · "Man in the Mirror" "Dirty Diana" · "Another Part of Me" · "Smooth Criminal" · "Leave Me Alone" · "Liberian Girl"
Dangerous "Black or White" · "Remember the Time" · "In the Closet" · "Jam" · "Who Is It" "Give In to Me" · "Heal the World" · "Will You Be There" · "Gone Too Soon"
HIStory "Scream/Childhood" · "You Are Not Alone" · "Earth Song" · "They Don't Care About Us" · "Stranger in Moscow"
Blood on the Dance Floor:
HIStory in the Mix		 "Blood on the Dance Floor" · "HIStory/Ghosts"
Invincible "You Rock My World" · "Cry" · "Butterflies"
Number Ones "One More Chance"
Thriller 25 "The Girl Is Mine 2008" (w/ will.i.am) · "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008 (w/ Akon) · "Beat It 2008"(w/ Fergie) · "Billie Jean 2008" (w/ Kanye West)
Other collaborations "Somebody's Watching Me" (w/ Rockwell)  · "Say Say Say" (w/ Paul McCartney)  · "Get It" (w/ Stevie Wonder)  · "Why" (w/ 3T)  · "No Friend of Mine" (w/ Pras)
v • d • e
The Jackson 5/The Jacksons
Jackie Jackson · Jermaine Jackson · Marlon Jackson · Michael Jackson · Randy Jackson · Tito Jackson
Motown albums
(The Jackson 5)		 Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5 · ABC · Third Album · The Jackson 5 Christmas Album · Maybe Tomorrow · Goin' Back to Indiana · Lookin' Through the Windows · Skywriter · G.I.T.: Get It Together · Dancing Machine · Moving Violation
CBS albums
(The Jacksons)		 The Jacksons · Goin' Places · Destiny · Triumph · Victory · 2300 Jackson Street
Live albums The Jackson 5 in Japan · The Jacksons Live!
Singles
(US/UK Top Tens)		 "I Want You Back" · "ABC" · "The Love You Save" · "I'll Be There" · "Mama's Pearl" · "Never Can Say Goodbye" · "Sugar Daddy" · "Doctor My Eyes" · "Lookin' Through the Windows" · "Dancing Machine" · "Enjoy Yourself" · "Show You the Way to Go" · "Blame It on the Boogie" · "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" · "Can You Feel It" · "Walk Right Now" · "State of Shock"
Tours Destiny Tour · Triumph Tour · Victory Tour
Related articles Discography · Joseph Jackson · Katherine Jackson · Janet Jackson · La Toya Jackson · Rebbie Jackson
v • d • e
The Jackson siblings
Maureen Reillette (Rebbie): 1950 • Sigmund Esco (Jackie): 1951 • Toriano Adaryll (Tito): 1953 • Jermaine La Jaune: 1954 • La Toya Yvonne: 1956 • Marlon David: 1957 • Michael Joseph: 1958 • Steven Randall (Randy): 1961 • Janet Damita Jo: 1966


Persondata
NAME Jackson, Michael Joesph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jackson, Michael Joe
SHORT DESCRIPTION Singer
DATE OF BIRTH August 29, 1958
PLACE OF BIRTH Gary, Indiana, United States
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Jackson"
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