Use of capital punishment by nation
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This article is part of the Capital punishment series |
Issues |
Capital punishment debate |
By region |
Australia Brazil Canada China |
Methods |
Decapitation |
At one time capital punishment was used in almost every part of the globe, but over the last few decades many countries have abolished it. Amnesty International classifies countries into four categories.
- 62 countries still maintain the death penalty in both law and practice.
- 91 countries have abolished it completely.
- 11 retain it, but only for crimes committed in exceptional circumstances (such as crimes committed in time of war).
- 33 countries maintain laws permitting the use of the death penalty for ordinary crimes, but have allowed the death penalty to fall into disuse for at least 10 years.
It is not unknown, however, for countries to practice extrajudicial execution sporadically or systematically outside their own formal legal frameworks. This list includes several unrecognized states with de facto control over their territory.
Contents |
Note: The tables can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the "><" icon.
[edit] Africa
Executions in 2005: Libya (?), Somalia (?), Sudan (65)
# | Country | Last Execution | Abolished | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Algeria | August 1993 | Treason and espionage; attempts to change the regime or actions aimed at incitement; destruction of territory, sabotage to public and economic utilities; massacres and slaughters; participation in armed bands or in insurrectionary movements; counterfeiting; murder; acts of torture or cruelty; kidnapping; aggravated theft | ||
Angola | 1992 (by Constitution) | |||
Benin | 1987 | armed robbery[1]; Murder[2]; traffickers involved in "labor exploitation"[3] | ||
Botswana | 19 September 2003[4] | Murder; Treason; Attempt on the life of the head of state; Mutiny; Desertion in the face of the enemy | ||
Burkina Faso | 1988 | Treason[5] | ||
Burundi | 2000 or later[6] | Murder [7] | ||
Cameroon | January 1997[8] | Secession; espionage; incitement to war[9] | ||
Cape Verde | 1835 | 1981 (by Constitution) | ||
Central African Republic | 1981 | Treason; espionage; charlatanism; witchcraft; assassination; murder[10] | ||
Chad | 2003[11] | Murder | ||
Comoros | 1996 or later[12] | |||
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2003[13] | |||
Congo | 1982 | |||
Côte d'Ivoire | None since independence[14] | 2000 | ||
Djibouti | None since independence | 1995 | ||
Egypt | 2004 or later | Rape, only if accompanied by kidnapping of the victim. Murder. Treason. Organized Drug Trafficking. | ||
Equatorial Guinea | ||||
Eritrea | ||||
Ethiopia | August 2007[15] | Murder | ||
Gabon | 1981[16] | |||
Gambia | 1981 | Treason. Abolished 1993 but was reinstated by Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council in August 1995[17] | ||
Ghana | 1993 | Murder; Treason; Armed robbery[17] | ||
Guinea-Bissau | 1986 | 1993 (by Constitution) | ||
Guinea | 2001[18] | Murder | ||
Kenya | 1984 | Murder and armed robbery[13] | ||
Lesotho | ||||
Liberia | 1995[17] | September 16, 2005 | Liberia acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, completely abolishing the death penalty | |
Libya | 2005[19] | High treason; attempt to forcibly change the form of government; premeditated murder[20] | ||
Madagascar | 1958 | |||
Malawi | 1992[21] | |||
Mali | 1980 | |||
Mauritania | 1987 | Sodomy[22]; Apostasy[23] (Although apostasy is a capital offense there are no recorded executions for it). | ||
Mauritius | 1987 | 1995 | ||
Morocco | 1993 | Terrorism[13]. An abolition law project is being presented to the Parliament of Morocco in spring 2007. (see Human rights in Morocco#Capital punishment) | ||
Mozambique | 1986 | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
Namibia | 1988 | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
Niger | 1976 | |||
Nigeria | 2001[17] | Sodomy[24]. Each of the 36 states have their own laws. In the north of the country the legal system used is Sharia (Islamic law) | ||
Rwanda | 1998 | 2007[25] | ||
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | 1976 | The Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic explicitly outlaws the death penalty; Article 13, from the 1991 revision reads "The death penalty is banned" (translated into English from the Arabic.)[26] | ||
São Tomé and Príncipe | None since independence | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
Senegal | 1967 | 10 December 2004 | ||
Seychelles | None since independence | 1993 (by Constitution) | ||
Sierra Leone | 1998 | Treason[27]; Murder; Aggravated robbery. Under the Special Court for Sierra Leone the death penalty is not a punishment for war crimes | ||
Somalia | 2 May 2006[28] | After the breakdown of de jure government, most regions reverted to Islamic law | ||
Somaliland | ||||
South Africa | 31 January 1991[8] | 1997 | On 25 May 2005 the Constitutional Court ordered that all remaining death sentences in the country be set aside and the prisoners resentenced. This last execution occurred in the internationally unrecognised Black "homelands". The last execution in Pretoria Central Prison was on November 14, 1989. | |
Sudan | 2005 | Sodomy [29]; Waging war against the state[30]; Apostasy[23]; Prostitution; Treason; Acts which may endanger the independence or unity of the state; Murder; Armed robbery; Weapons possession and smuggling | ||
Swaziland | 1983[31] | Murder
[32]; treason |
||
Tanzania | 1994 | Murder; Treason | ||
Togo | 1978[33] | Premeditated murder; plots against the security of the State | ||
Tunisia | 1991 | Murder; violence and aggression; attacks against the internal security of the State; attacks against the external security of the State | ||
Uganda | 2003[34] | Treason; Terrorism; Murder[35]; Rape; Defilement; Aggravated robbery; Aggravated kidnapping. On June 14, 2005 the Constitutional court ruled that although the death penalty was constitutional, its use as a mandatory punishment for certain crimes was not.[36] | ||
Zambia | 1997 | Murder; Aggravated robbery; High treason. President Levy Mwanawasa stated in 2004 that "For as long as I remain President, I will not execute a death warrant."[21] | ||
Zimbabwe | June 2003[37] | Treason; Murder; Mutiny |
[edit] Asia
Executions in 2006: Bahrain (?), Bangladesh (?), People's Republic of China (1,010), Indonesia (?), Iran (177), Iraq (65), Japan (4), Malaysia (?), Singapore (?)
# | Country | Last Execution | Abolished | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | October 8, 2007[38] | Murder; child smuggling in order to use the victim's body parts; Apostasy (see Abdul Rahman (convert)) | ||
Armenia | 1991[39] | 2003 | ||
Azerbaijan | 1992 | 1998 | ||
Bahrain | 2006 | premeditated murder; plotting to topple the regime; collaborating with a foreign hostile country; threatening the life of the Emir; defiance of military orders in time of war or martial law | ||
Bangladesh | 2007 | Murder [40]; drug offences [41]; Trafficking in children for immoral or illegal purposes; Trafficking in women for purposes of prostitution[42] | ||
Bhutan | 1974[21] | 2004 | ||
Brunei | 1957 | Murder; unlawful possession of firearms and explosives; possession of heroin or morphine of more than 15 grams, Cocaine of more than 30 grams, Cannabis of more than 500 grams, Syabu or methamphetamine of more than 50 grams, or Opium of more than 1.2 kg[43] | ||
Cambodia | 1989 (by Constitution) | |||
China | 2007 | Embezzlement[44]; Rape of children[45]; Fraud[34]Bombing[46]; People trafficking[47]; Piracy; Theft[48]; Corruption; Arson[49]; Murder; "Endangering national security"; Terrorism[50] (see Capital punishment in the People's Republic of China) (The two special administrative regions, namely Hong Kong and Macau, have abolished death penalty.) | ||
Taiwan | 2005 | Since 2004, most death sentences have been informally given moratorium by President Chen Shui-bian except serious murders. (see Capital punishment in Taiwan) |
||
Timor-Leste | 1999 | |||
Hong Kong | 1966 | 1993* | *when Hong Kong was under British rule, and remains so after the handover to the People's Republic of China. | |
India | August 14, 2004[51] | Murder, instigating a child's suicide, treason, acts of terrorism, or a second conviction for drug trafficking. For more information see Capital punishment in India | ||
Indonesia | 2006[52] | Drug trafficking[53]; Terrorism[52] | ||
Iran | 2008 | Sodomy [54]; Armed Robbery[34]; Terrorism[55]; Drug trafficking[46]; Kidnapping & rape[56]; Murder[57]; Apostasy[23] | ||
Iraq | March 20, 2007 | murder; endangering national security; distributing drugs; rape; attacks on transport convoys; financing and execution of terrorism[58]. Suspended in April 2003 after 2003 invasion; reinstated May 2005. Last execution against Taha Yassin Ramadan on 20th March 2007. | ||
Israel | 1962 | 1954 (for other crimes) | Crimes against humanity[59], high treason. Only one execution after 1954 (Adolf Eichmann). | |
Japan | February 1, 2008[60] | Prosecutors only push for the death penalty in the case of multiple murders, or single murder with aggravating circumstances.[61] Judges usually impose death penalty in case of multiple homicides. Between 1946 and 2003, Japanese courts sentenced 766 people to death, 608 of whom were executed. For 40 months from 1989 to 1993 the successive ministers of justice refused to authorise executions, which amounted to informal moratorium. | ||
Jordan | 2005[62] | Murder[63] | ||
Kazakhstan | 2003[64] | Terrorism, crimes in wartime[65][66]. Moratorium since 17 December 2003 | ||
North Korea | 2005[67] | Plots against national sovereignty; terrorism ; treason against the Motherland by citizens; treason against the people; murder[68] | ||
South Korea | December 30, 1997[69] | Murder [70]. There has been an unofficial moratorium on executions since President Kim Dae-jung took office in February 1998.[71] | ||
Kuwait | 2005[72] | Drugs Trafficking; Rape & Murder[73] | ||
Kyrgyzstan | 2007[74][75] | Kyrgyz authorities had extended a moratorium on executions each year since 1998. | ||
Laos | 1989 | Drugs trafficking[76] | ||
Lebanon | 2004 | Murder[77] | ||
Macau | Death penalty and life imprisonment remain legally prohibited. The maximum possible sentence is imprisonment for 30 years. | |||
Malaysia | 2006[78] | Mandatory for Trafficking in dangerous drugs; Discharging a firearm in the Commission of a scheduled offence; Accomplices in case of discharge of firearm; Offences against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong’s person; Murder. Discretionary for Kidnapping; Consorting with person carrying or having possession of arms or explosives; Waging or attempting to wage war or abetting the waging of war against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri[79] | ||
Maldives | 1952 | Murder[80] | ||
Mongolia | terrorist acts committed for political purposes; terrorist acts against representatives of a foreign State for political purposes; sabotage; premeditated murder committed with aggravating circumstances; and rape with aggravating circumstances ; Armed Robbery[81]. According to Amnesty International, executions were carried out in secret and there are no official statistics[82] | |||
Burma | 1993 | High treason[83] | ||
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic | Never | de facto moratorium on executions since 1997 | ||
Nepal | 1979 | 1997 (by Constitution) | ||
Oman | 2001[84] | Murder; Drug trafficking[85] | ||
Pakistan | 2005[86] | Murder[72]; Sodomy[87]; Gang rape; Mutiny[88] (see Capital punishment in Pakistan) | ||
Palestinian Authority | 2005[89] | Murder; Rape; Collaborating with Israeli forces to assassinate Palestinians[90]. There had been an unofficial moratorium since 2002 after President Yasser Arafat stopped authorising executions. | ||
Philippines | 2000 | June 24, 2006 | Abolished in 1987 under the present constititution, re-introduced in 1993, re-abolished on June 24, 2006 under Republic Act No. 9346. | |
Qatar | 2001 | Espionage[91]; Threat to national security[92]; Apostasy[23]. Although apostasy is a capital offense there are no recorded executions for it | ||
Saudi Arabia | 2008[93] | Many violent and nonviolent offenses including murder, apostasy, drug offenses, witchcraft and sexual misconduct.[94]. Method most often used is beheading by a sword | ||
Singapore | 2007 | murder, kidnapping, treason, certain firearm offenses, trafficking in more than 15 grams (half an ounce) of heroin or morphine, 30 grams of cocaine or 500 grams of cannabis[95] (see capital punishment in Singapore) | ||
Sri Lanka | June 23, 1976 | Murder, Perjury causing an innocent person to be executed, rape, drug trafficking. Moratorium from 1976 to 2003; reinstated in 2004[citation needed], however no executions have been carried out. | ||
Syria | 2004[96] | treason; murder; political acts such as bearing arms against Syria in the ranks of the enemy, desertion of the armed forces to the enemy and acts of incitement under martial law or in wartime; violent robberies; rape; verbal opposition to the government; and membership in the Muslim Brotherhood | ||
Tajikistan | 2004 | Murder with aggravating circumstances; rape with aggravating circumstances; terrorism; biocide; genocide[97]. Moratorium introduced 30 April 2004 by President Emomalii Rahmon | ||
Thailand | December 12, 2003 | Offenses include Regicide; Sedition or Rebellion; Offences committed against the external security of Thailand; Murder or attempted murder of a foreign head of state; Bribery; Arson; Rape; Murder with intent; Kidnapping; Robbery resulting in death. For a full list see here (PDF) | ||
Turkmenistan | 1999 (by Constitution) | |||
United Arab Emirates | 2002[98] | Murder; Drug offences[99]; homosexuality[100][101]; Rape; Treason; Aggravated robbery; Apostasy; Environmental pollution; Terrorism | ||
Uzbekistan | 2005[102] | 2008 | President Islom Karimov signed a decree on 1 August 2005 that replaced the death penalty with life imprisonment on 1 January 2008[103][104] | |
Vietnam | 2005[72] | treason; taking action to overthrow the government; espionage; rebellion; banditry; terrorism; sabotage; hijacking; destruction of national security projects; undermining peace; war crimes; crimes against humanity; manufacturing, concealing and trafficking in narcotic substances; murder; rape; robbery; embezzlement; fraud[105] | ||
Yemen | 2005[67] | Murder [106]; Adultery[107]; homosexuality[100][108]; Apostasy[23]. Although apostasy is a capital offense there are no recorded executions for it |
[edit] Europe
Executions in 2004: Belarus (5)
# | Country | Last Execution | Abolished | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | 1995[39] | 2007 | Ratification of Protocol No. 13 of ECHR took place on February 6th and in effect by June 1st, 2007. [109] | |
Andorra | 1943 | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
Austria | 1950 | 1968 (by Constitution) | ||
Belarus | 2004 | acts of aggression; murder of a representative of a foreign state or international organization with the intention to provoke international tension or war; international terrorism; genocide; crimes against the security of humanity; murder with aggravating circumstances; terrorism; terrorist acts; treason that results in loss of life; conspiracy to seize power; sabotage; murder of a police officer; use of weapons of mass destruction; and violations of the laws and customs of war[110] (see Capital punishment in Belarus) | ||
Belgium | 1863 for common law crimes; 1950 for war crimes | 1996 (by Constitution) | ||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Never | 1995 (by Constitution) | ||
Bulgaria | 1989 | 1998 | ||
Croatia | 1973[39] | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
Cyprus | 1962 | 2002 | Capital punishment for murder abolished in 1983. | |
Czech Republic | 1989 | 1990 (by Constitution) | For more info see Capital punishment in the Czech Republic. | |
Denmark | 1892 for common law crimes; 1950 for war crimes | 1930; reinstated 1952-1978 | Capital punishment was reinstated 1952-1978 in the civil penalty law for crimes committed under extreme circumstances and related to war or high treason. For more info see Capital punishment in Denmark. | |
Estonia | 1991 | 1998 | ||
Finland | 1944 | 1972 (by Constitution) | ||
France | 1977 | 1981 | Forbidden by law in 1981 and by Constitution in 2007. | |
Georgia | 1995[39] | 1997 | ||
Germany | none by authorities of the FRG | 1949 (FRG)/1987 (GDR) | Last execution in West Germany: 1956 (by US Military Authorities), last execution in East Germany: 1981 (by GDR authorities). Prohibited by the Basic Law since 1949. | |
Greece | 1972 | 2004 | ||
Hungary | 1980 | 1990 | ||
Iceland | 1830 | 1995 | Abolished in 1928; reintroduction made unconstitutional in 1995 by unanimous vote of parliament | |
Ireland | 1954 | 1990 | 21st Amendment to the Constitution (2001) made reintroduction unconstitutional without a further constitutional amendment (and referendum). Until recently it was still technically lawful to execute the murderer of a police officer; however, in practice this never occurred, likely due to widespread moral objection. | |
Italy | 1947 | 1994 | Already abolished, except in time of war, in 1948 (by the Constitution). Abolished from the military penal code in 1994. Constitution amended in 2007 to make reintroduction unconstitutional without a further constitutional amendment. | |
Latvia | 1996[39] | 1999 (for other crimes) | murder with aggravating circumstances if committed during wartime[111] | |
Liechtenstein | 1785 | 1987 | ||
Lithuania | 1995 | 1998 | ||
Luxembourg | 1949 | 1979 (by Constitution) | ||
Republic of Macedonia | 1988[39] | 1991 (by Constitution) | ||
Malta | 1943 | 2000 | Capital punishment for murder abolished in 1971; continued to be part of the country's military code until 2000. | |
Isle of Man | 1872 | 1993 | ||
Moldova | 1985[39] | 1995 | On September 23, 2005 the Moldovan Constitutional Court approved constitutional amendments that explicitly abolished the death penalty[112]. | |
Monaco | 1847 | 1962 (by Constitution) | ||
Montenegro | none since independence | New Constitution in preparation that will ban the death penalty | ||
Netherlands | 1952 | 1982 (by Constitution) | Abolished for peacetime offences in 1870, last execution for peacetime offences 1860 | |
Norway | 1948 | 1979 | Abolished for peacetime offences in 1902, last execution for peacetime offences 1876 | |
Poland | 1988 | 1997 | A criminal law reform including reintroducion of death penalty was proposed in 2004 by Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, but lost in the first reading in the Sejm (vote of 198 against to 194 for with 14 abstentions).[21] | |
Portugal | 1849 (last woman in 1763) | 1976 (by Constitution) | Abolished for political crimes in 1852 (per Additional Act to the Constitutional Charter); abolished for all crimes except in time of war in 1867; abolished in time of war in 1911; reintroduced in time of war in 1915. | |
Romania | 1989 | 1990[39] (by Constitution) | ||
Russia | 1999 | murder with aggravating circumstances; assassination attempt against a state or public figure; attempt on the life of a person administering justice or preliminary investigations; attempt on the life of a law-enforcement officer; genocide[113]. On 16 April 1997 Russia signed the Sixth Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, but has yet to ratify it. There has been a moratorium on executions since 1996; no executions in the Russian Federation since August 1996, though one took place in 1999 in the Chechen Republic | ||
San Marino | 1468 | 1865 | ||
Serbia | 1992 | 1995 | Abolished in 1995 on Federal level, local legislation adjusted in 2002[114] | |
Slovakia | 1989 | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
Slovenia | 1957 | 1989 (by Constitution) | ||
Spain | 27 September 1975 | 1995 | Abolished in 1978 by constitution except for military laws during wartime. | |
Sweden | 23 November 1910 | 1972 | Peacetime offences 1921, Wartime offences 1973. Constitutionally prohibited since 1975. | |
Switzerland | 1944 | 1874/1938/1992 | First abolishment in 1874, later permitted again and practiced by a few states (9 executions until 1940). Definite abolishment by popular vote in 1938, except for wartime military crimes, for which it was eliminated in 1992. | |
Transnistria | never | murder; attempt to murder a state or public official; armed rebellion; attempt to murder a magistrate or investigator; attempt to murder a law enforcement agent; genocide. Moratorium since January 1, 1999 | ||
Turkey | 25 October 1984 | July 21, 2004 (by Constitution) | ||
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | Never | Treason during wartime, acts of terrorism and piracy jure gentium, and for repeated murders[115] | ||
Ukraine | March 1997[116] | 2000 | Abolished February 2000 after the Ukrainian Constitutional Court ruled the death penalty unconstitutional in December 1999. New criminal code passed in April 2001. | |
United Kingdom | 13 August, 1964 | 1998 | Abolished for murder in 1969 (the punishment being officially suspended for five years in 1965) in Great Britain and 1973 in Northern Ireland. Abolished for arson in royal dockyards in 1971. Abolished for all remaining offences (high treason, piracy with violence and offences under military jurisdiction) in 1998. European Convention ratified in 2003 confirming total abolition. See Capital punishment in the United Kingdom | |
Vatican City | July 9, 1870 (Papal States[117]) | 1969 |
[edit] North America and Caribbean
Executions in 2006: United States (53)[118]
# | Country | Last Execution | Abolished | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Antigua and Barbuda | February 2, 1991 | Murder | ||
Bahamas | January 6, 2000 | Treason; Piracy; Murder | ||
Barbados | 10 October 1984[8] | Murder; Treason | ||
Belize | June 1985[8] | murder, except where extenuating circumstances can be proved[119] | ||
Bermuda | 1977 | 2000 | ||
Canada | 11 December 1962 | 1976[120] | For more information see Capital punishment in Canada | |
Costa Rica | 1859[121] | 1877 (by Constitution) | ||
Cuba | 2003 | Hijacking[122]; crimes against state security; murder[123] | ||
Dominica | August 8, 1986 or later | |||
Dominican Republic | 1966 (by Constitution) | |||
El Salvador | 1973 | 1983 (for other crimes) | The death penalty may be imposed only in cases provided by military laws during a state of international war[124] | |
Grenada | 1978 | |||
Guatemala | 1998 or later[125] | |||
Haiti | 1972 | 1987 (by Constitution) | ||
Honduras | 1940 | 1956(by Constitution) | ||
Jamaica | 2003[126] | Murder[127] | ||
Mexico | 1937 | 2005 | Death penalty was abolished by Constitution since 1917, but remained for military crimes; abolished after a controversy. | |
Nicaragua | 1930 | 1979 (by Constitution) | ||
Panama | 1903 | 1903 (by Constitution) | ||
Saint Kitts and Nevis | July 20, 1998 | Murder | ||
Saint Lucia | 17 October, 1995 | Murder; Treason | ||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | February 13, 1995 | Murder; Treason | ||
Trinidad and Tobago | July 28, 1999 | Murder; Treason[128] | ||
Turks and Caicos Islands | 2002[129] | |||
United States | September 25, 2007[130] | Federal Law provides death penalty for many homicide-related crimes, as well as espionage, treason, and trafficking large quantities of drugs.[131] Many states have their own laws regarding the death penalty. As of 2007, the Death Penalty has been abolished or found unconstitutional in 13 states and another 12 states do not currently have death penalty laws.[132], although the remaining 25 still exercise the death penalty. Although legally a punishment of several crimes, it has not been applied for any crime other than murder, conspiracy to murder, or treason since 1964. It is now only used in cases of murder accompanied by previously identified special circumstances (e.g., murder and rape, murder and kidnapping, etc.) Some states also allow it to be imposed for some cases of sexual assault against children. Sentences of death must be handed down by a jury, not by a judge alone; the jury must hand down the sentence at the conclusion of a separate penalty phase of the trial (at least implying the jurors who sentence the person to death were the same jurors who convicted him or her of the crime). For more information see Capital punishment in the United States. |
[edit] Oceania
Executions in 2006: none
# | Country | Last Execution | Abolished | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | February 3, 1967[133] | 1922 - 1985 | Queensland: 1922, Tasmania: 1968, the Commonwealth: 1973, Northern Territory: 1973, Victoria: 1975, South Australia: 1976, ACT: 1983, Western Australia: 1984, and New South Wales: 1985. For more information see Capital punishment in Australia. | |
Cook Islands | none since self-government | Treason[134]. For more information see Capital punishment in the Cook Islands | ||
Fiji | 1964 | 1979 (for other crimes) | Only for crimes under the Republic of Fiji Military Forces Act | |
Kiribati | none since independence | 1979 | ||
Marshall Islands | none since independence | 1986 (by Constitution) | ||
Federated States of Micronesia | none since independence | 1986 (by Constitution) | ||
Nauru | none since independence | Treason; Piracy; Murder | ||
New Zealand | 17 February, 1957 | 1989 | For more information see Capital punishment in New Zealand | |
Niue | ||||
Palau | none since independence | probably 1994 | ||
Papua New Guinea | 1950 | Treason; Piracy; Attempted piracy; willful murder | ||
Samoa | 1950s | 21 January 2004[135] | ||
Solomon Islands | none since independence | 1978 | ||
Tonga | 1982 | Treason; Murder | ||
Tuvalu | none since independence | 1978 | ||
Vanuatu | none since independence | 1980 |
[edit] South America
Executions in 2006: none
# | Country | Last Execution | Abolished | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina | 1916 | 1984 (for other crimes) | Constitution states "The penalty of death for political offences, all kinds of torture, and flogging, are forever abolished." | |
Bolivia | 1974 | 1997 (for other crimes) | ||
Brazil | 1855 | 1979 (for other crimes) | "serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime"[136] | |
Chile | 1985 | 2001 (for other crimes) | Although it has been completely abolished from civil justice, it may still be applied for military justice and only for exceptional crimes. In practice, this doesn't occur. Last execution took place in 1985. | |
Colombia | 1909 | 1910 (by Constitution) | Prohibited by the Colombian Constitution of 1991: "The right to life is inviolable. There will be no death penalty." | |
Ecuador | 1906 (by Constitution) | |||
Guyana | terrorist acts[137] | |||
Paraguay | 1928 | 1992 (by Constitution) | ||
Peru | 1979 | 1979 (for other crimes) | Treason in time of war; Terrorism[124] | |
Suriname | 1982 | aggravated murder; premeditated murder; treason[138] | ||
Uruguay | 1905 | 1907 (by Constitution) | ||
Venezuela | 1863 (by Constitution) |
[edit] References
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- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6933849.stm
- ^ http://wwwserver.law.wits.ac.za/humanrts/hrcommittee/gabon2000.html
- ^ a b c d http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR050032003
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- ^ http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=18371
- ^ http://www.bta.bg/site/libya/en/07courtsystem.htm
- ^ a b c d http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT500012005
- ^ http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/world.htm#Africa
- ^ a b c d e http://www.barnabasfund.org/Apostasy/Conversion_Means_Death.htm
- ^ http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/nigeria/nigeria.htm
- ^ http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/africa/07/27/rwanda.execution.reut/index.html
- ^ [1994] (1994) in Pazzanita, Anthony G. and Hodges, Tony: Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara, Second Edition (in English), Metuchen, New Jersey, United States, and London, United Kingdom: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 381. 0-8108-2661-5.
- ^ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR510092004?open&of=ENG-392
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4967108.stm
- ^ http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/sudan/sudan.htm
- ^ http://www.afrika.no/Detailed/8704.html
- ^ http://www.southerndomains.com/Newspaper/Archive/0202/Column.html#23
- ^ http://www.cidi.org/humanitarian/irin/safrica/00a/0020.html
- ^ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT530042002?open&of=ENG-TGO
- ^ a b c http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/mar03.html
- ^ http://www.humanrightshouse.org/dllvis5.asp?id=2811
- ^ http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/IRIN/35024160952b1236b73e919e73f86417.htm
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[edit] External links
- Amnesty International
- The Death Penalty Worldwide
- Countries retaining death penalty fail to give details of executions - United Nations, July 14, 2005
- Death Penalty in Asia-Pacific