Naval Air Facility Atsugi
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| NAF Atsugi 厚木海軍飛行場 Atsugi Kaigun-hikōjō |
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| IATA: NJA – ICAO: RJTA | |||
| Summary | |||
| Airport type | Military | ||
| Operator | United States Navy and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force | ||
| Location | Japan | ||
| Built | 1938 | ||
| In use | 1950 - present | ||
| Commander | |||
| Elevation AMSL | 205 ft / 62.5 m | ||
| Coordinates | |||
| Website | |||
| Runways | |||
| Direction | Length | Surface | |
| ft | m | ||
| 01/19 | 7,990 | 2,435 | Paved |
| Sources: official site[1] | |||
Naval Air Facility Atsugi (厚木海軍飛行場 Atsugi Kaigun-hikōjō?) is a naval air base located in the cities of Yamato and Ayase in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is the largest United States Navy air base in the Pacific and houses the squadrons of Carrier Air Wing 5, which deploys with the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk. CVW 5 shares the base with the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. NAF Atsugi is also home to Helicopter Antisubmarine Squadron (Light) 51 (HSL-51), which provides detachments of SH-60 Seahawk LAMPS Mk III helicopters to forward deployed U.S. Navy guided missile cruisers, guided missile destroyers and frigates homeported at nearby Naval Base Yokosuka. Servicemembers stationed at Atsugi also work in conjunction with the Kamiseya Naval Radio Receiving Facility. Despite its name, the base is nine miles (14 km) from the city of Atsugi, and is not the adjacent city to the base.
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[edit] History
The Imperial Japanese Navy constructed the base in 1938 to house the Japanese 302 Naval Aviation Corps, one of Japan's most formidable fighter squadrons during World War II. Aircraft based at Atsugi shot down more than 300 American bombers during the firebombings of 1945. After Japan's surrender, many of Atsugi's pilots refused to follow Hirohito's order to lay down their arms, and took to the skies to drop leaflets on Tokyo and Yokohama urging locals to resist the Americans. Eventually, these pilots gave up and left Atsugi.
General Douglas MacArthur arrived at Atsugi on 30 August to accept Japan's surrender; it was his first trip to Japan. During the occupation, the base housed the overflow from nearby Camp Zama; it was not refurbished to handle military air traffic until the Korean War. The Seabees (navy construction battalions) came to the base in 1950 and prepared it for re-opening that December as Naval Air Station Atsugi.
NAF Atsugi was a major naval air base during both the Korean War and Vietnam War, serving fighters, bombers, and transport aircraft. One of the aircraft based at Atsugi was the U-2 spy plane piloted by Gary Powers, which provoked an international incident when it was downed over the Soviet Union.
In 1972, the U.S. and Japanese governments agreed to share ownership of the base.
Lee Harvey Oswald, the assassin of John F. Kennedy, was stationed at Atsugi for several years during the 1950s as an enlisted Marine.
[edit] The Jinkanpo Incinerator
NAF Atsugi and the people stationed there gained notoriety in the 1990s (stemming from near-daily reports in the Pacific Stars and Stripes newspaper) due to their proximity to the Jinkanpo Atsugi Incinerator, which blew toxic and cancerous emissions over the high-rise buildings in its immediate vicinity. The incinerator's owners, arrested and jailed for charges of tax evasion, neglected the maintenance of the facility. The pollution had become so much of a health problem for residents that if they showed signs of adverse health effects, the base allowed them to leave early (usually servicemembers are stationed at the base for a tour of three years). Many servicemembers reported sickness and a few died from cancer shortly after moving back to the United States.[citation needed] For a time, the base required servicemembers to undergo medical screenings before being stationed at the base in order to ensure that their bodies could handle the poor air quality. In spite of this, servicemembers still developed health problems, such as acute cases of asthma.
In May 2001 the Japanese government purchased the plant for nearly 40 million dollars and shut it down. Dismantling was completed by the end of that year.
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For more details on this topic, see Jinkanpo Atsugi Incinerator.
[edit] Operations
The U.S. Navy conducts nighttime landing practice at NAF Atsugi. Noise from this activity has been a concern of residents of Ayase, Yamato and nearby communities for many years. During the 1990s, the U.S. Navy and the Government of Japan nearly agreed to move nighttime landing practice to another location, but as of 2004, no such move has taken place. Leading candidates were Miyakejima (in the Izu Islands) and Iwo Jima (in the Ogasawara Islands), both run by Tokyo but well separated from the mainland of Honshū. The former plan has been abandoned, volcanic activity had forced the evacuation of Miyakejima.
[edit] References
- ^ NAF Atsugi (official site)
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