Christian VII of Denmark
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| Christian VII | |
| King of Denmark and Norway | |
 This picture of Christian VII was painted by the Danish painter, Jens Juel, in 1789. The king is sitting on the throne with crown, sceptre, and ermine cape. Those treasures can be seen on the exhibition on Rosenborg Slot in Copenhagen. |
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| Reign | 1766-1808 |
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| Born | January 29, 1749 |
| Birthplace | Copenhagen |
| Died | March 13, 1808 (aged 59) |
| Place of death | Rendsburg |
| Buried | Roskilde Cathedral |
| Predecessor | Frederick V of Denmark |
| Successor | Frederick VI of Denmark |
| Consort | Caroline Matilda of Wales |
| Issue | Frederick Louise |
| Father | Frederick V of Denmark |
| Mother | Louise of Great Britain |
Christian VII (January 29, 1749 - March 13, 1808) was King of Denmark and Norway, and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1766 until his death. He was the son of Frederick V, King of Denmark, and his first consort Louisa, daughter of George II of Great Britain.
He became king on his father’s death on January 14, 1766. All the earlier accounts agree that he had a winning personality and considerable talent, but he was badly educated, systematically terrorized by a brutal governor, Detlev Reventlow, and hopelessly debauched by corrupt pages, and while he seems to have been intelligent and certainly had periods of clarity, Christian suffered from severe mental problems, possibly schizophrenia.
After his marriage in 1766 to his cousin Princess Caroline Matilda (known in Denmark as Queen Caroline Mathilde), a sister of King George III of Great Britain, he abandoned himself to the worst excesses, especially debauchery. In 1767, he entered in to a relationship with the courtisan Støvlete-Cathrine. He publicly declared that he could not love Caroline Mathilde, because it was "unfashionable to love one's wife". He ultimately sank into a condition of mental stupor. Symptoms during this time included paranoia, self-mutilation and hallucinations. He became submissive to upstart Johann Friedrich Struensee, who rose steadily in power in the late 1760s. The neglected and lonely Caroline Mathilde drifted into an affair with Struensee.
In 1772, the king’s marriage with Caroline Mathilde was dissolved. Struensee was arrested and executed in that same year. Christian signed Struensee's arrest warrant with indifference, and under pressure from his paternal grandmother, Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, who had led the movement to have the marriage dissolved. Caroline Mathilde, retaining her title but not her children, eventually left Denmark in exile and passed her remaining days in neighbouring Celle. She died of scarlet fever there on May 11, 1775.
The marriage had produced two children, the future Frederick VI and Princess Louise Augusta. However, it is widely believed that Louise was the daughter of Struensee - portrait comparisons have supported this.
Christian was only nominally king from 1772 onwards. From 1772 to 1784, Denmark was ruled by Christian's stepmother Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, his physically disabled half-brother Frederick and the Danish politician Ove Høegh-Guldberg. From 1784 onwards, his son Frederick VI ruled permanently as a prince regent. This regency was marked by liberal and agricultural reforms but also by the beginning disasters of the Napoleonic Wars.
Christian died in 1808 at Rendsburg, Schleswig, not of fright as some have suggested, but from a brain aneurysm. He was 59.
[edit] Ancestors
| Christian VII of Denmark | Father: Frederick V of Denmark |
Paternal Grandfather: Christian VI of Denmark |
Paternal Great-grandfather: Frederick IV of Denmark |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow |
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| Paternal Grandmother: Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach |
Paternal Great-grandfather: Margrave Christian Henry of Brandenburg-Kulmbach |
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| Paternal Great-grandmother: Countess Sofie Christiane of Wolfstein |
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| Mother: Louise of Great Britain |
Maternal Grandfather: George II of Great Britain |
Maternal Great-grandfather: George I of Great Britain |
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| Maternal Great-grandmother: Sophia Dorothea of Celle |
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| Maternal Grandmother: Caroline of Ansbach |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach |
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| Maternal Great-grandmother: Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach |
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Christian VII
Born: January 29, 1749 Died: March 13, 1808 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Frederick V |
King of Denmark 1766-1808 |
Succeeded by Frederick VI |
| King of Norway 1766-1808 |
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