List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia

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There are 118 National Historic Landmarks in Virginia. There are also 11 National Monuments and other areas in the National Park Service system of a historic nature, and there exist some former NHLs, which are listed further below.

Contents

[edit] Current NHLs in Virginia

The National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) are distributed across Virginia's 95 counties and 39 independent cities.

Landmark name[1] Image Year listed[1] Locality[1][2] County[1] Description[3]
001 Alexandria Historic District image pending 13 Nov 1966 Alexandria
Alexandria A historic district
002 Aquia Church image pending 05 Jul 1991 Garrisonville
Stafford A church
003 Bacon's Castle 09 Oct 1960 Bacon's Castle
37°06′38″N 76°43′41″W / 37.11056, -76.72806 (Bacon's Castle)
Surry A castle.
004 Ball's Bluff Battlefield and National Cemetery image pending 27 Apr 1984 Leesburg
Loudoun Site of an embarrassing Union defeat early in the American Civil War, caused by inept generalship, after which drowned troops' bodies floated down the Potomac River to Washington, D.C.
005 Barracks, Virginia Military Institute image pending 21 Dec 1965 Lexington
37°47′25″N 79°26′19″W / 37.790278, -79.438611 (VMI Barracks (approx.))
none Gothic style cadet barracks building on the grounds of Virginia Military Institute. (Try Virginia Military Institute Barracks)
006 Benjamin Banneker, SW-9 Intermediate Boundary Stone image pending 1976 Arlington
38°53′24″N 77°09′34″W / 38.8901229289, -77.1594625585 (Benjamin Banneker: Sw 9 Intermediate Boundary Stone)
Arlington A boundary stone associated with Benjamin Banneker, (1731-1806), multi-talented surveyor and one of most well-known black men in colonial America
007 Berkeley 11 Nov 1971 Charles City
Charles City A plantation.
008 Berry Hill image pending 11 Nov 1971 South Boston
36°41′48″N 78°56′39″W / 36.6967315643, -78.9442251731 (Berry Hill)
Halifax A mansion. Set up disambig at Berry Hill.
009 Brandon 15 Apr 1970 Burrowsville
37°15′27.1440″N 76°59′36.2039″W / 37.25754, -76.993389972 (Brandon Plantation)
Prince George Another plantation.
010 Bremo Historic District image pending 11 Nov 1971 Bremo Bluff
Fluvanna A historic district.
011 Bruton Parish Church 15 Apr 1970 Williamsburg
37°16′09″N 76°42′10″W / 37.2692899128, -76.7027610648 (Bruton Parish Church)
none Earliest church in the British American colonies to reflect the infusion of English Renaissance style.
012 Camden image pending 11 Nov 1971 Port Royal
Caroline 2-story Italian villa featuring such 19th-century innovations as a central heating system, gas lights, inside toilets, and shower baths.
013 Camp Hoover 07 Jun 1988
38°29′30.7″N 78°25′15.5″W / 38.491861, -78.420972 (Rapidan Camp)
Madison President Herbert Hoover's rustic presidential retreat, also known as Rapidan Camp.
014 Cape Henry Lighthouse 29 Jan 1964 Virginia Beach
36°55′26″N 76°00′30″W / 36.9238540822, -76.0082410227 (Cape Henry Lighthouse)
none First lighthouse to be erected by the Federal Government.
015 Carter's Grove image pending 15 Apr 1970 Williamsburg
James City 5-part Georgian country house.
016 Cedar Creek Battlefield and Belle Grove Plantation 11 Aug 1969 Middletown and Strasburg
39°10′03″N 78°18′03″W / 39.1675, -78.30083 (Cedar Creek and Belle Grove)
Frederick and Warren Site of the American Civil War battle of Cedar Creek and the Belle Grove Plantation.
017 Christ Church, Lancaster 30 May 1961 Irvington
Lancaster Example of British Colonial ecclesiastical architecture.
018 Christ Church, Alexandria 15 Apr 1970 Alexandria
Alexandria 1773 Georgian brick church
019 Charles Richard Drew House image pending 11 May 1976 Arlington
38°52′21″N 77°05′14″W / 38.872600, -77.087178 (Drew, Charles Richard, House)
Arlington Home of Dr. Charles R. Drew,an African-American physician and medical researcher
020 Drydock Number One, Norfolk Naval Shipyard 11 Nov 1971 Portsmouth
36°49′07″N 76°17′35″W / 36.8187230544, -76.2930630727 (Drydock No. 1)
none Union frigate USS Merrimack was rebuilt by the Confederates in this drydock, becoming the ironclad CSS Virginia. Now part of Norfolk Naval Shipyard.
021 Egyptian Building 11 Nov 1971 Richmond
37°32′18″N 77°25′45″W / 37.5384309593, -77.4291684125 (Egyptian Building)
Richmond First permanent home of the Medical Department of Hampden-Sydney College.[2]
022 Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel 1985 HAER photograph 03 Oct 1985 Hampton
37°04′49″N 76°20′29″W / 37.0802809507, -76.3415136105 (Eight-foot High Speed Tunnel)
Hampton (Independent City) Wind tunnel at Langley Research Center. (Include this NASA reference)
023 Elsing Green 11 Nov 1971 Tunstall
King William Georgian plantation house built by Carter Braxton
024 Exchange Building image pending 1971 Petersburg
37°13′48″N 77°24′16″W / 37.2301048298, -77.4044496954 (Exchange Building)
none] Two story Greek Revival structure with a Doric Portico.
025 Five Forks Battlefield 19 Dec 1960 Petersburg
<span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for Expression error: Unexpected < operator°Expression error: Unexpected < operatorExpression error: Unexpected < operatorExpression error: Unexpected >= operator 37°08′21″E">Expression error: Unexpected < operator°Expression error: Unexpected < operatorExpression error: Unexpected < operatorExpression error: Unexpected >= operator 37°08′21″E / , 37.13927 (Five Forks Battlefield)
Dinwiddie Site of Battle of Five Forks, where Lee's flank was turned, leading to virtual end of the American Civil War in 1865.
026 Gerald R. Ford, Jr., House image pending 17 Dec 1985 Alexandria
38°48′40″N 77°04′49″W / 38.8111894223, -77.0802632259 (Gerald Ford House)
Alexandria House of President Gerald R. Ford.[3]
027 Fort Monroe 19 Dec 1960 Hampton
37°00′13″N 76°18′27″W / 37.00361, -76.3075 (Fort Monroe)
none Fort Monroe was completed in 1834, and is named in honor of U.S. President James Monroe. Completely surrounded by a moat, the six-sided stone fort is the only one of its kind left in the United States that is still an active Army post.[4]
028 Fort Myer Historic District image pending 28 Nov 1972 Arlington
Arlington U.S. Army post adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery.[5]
029 Franklin and Armfield Office image pending 02 Jun 1978 Alexandria
38°48′07″N 77°03′17″W / 38.801911417, -77.054660815 (Franklin and Armfield Office)
Alexandria Largest slave trading firm in the antebellum South
030 Full Scale 30- by 60-Foot Tunnel HAER photograph 03 Oct 1985 Hampton
37°04′52″N 76°20′30″W / 37.0809993519, -76.3417512724 (Full Scale Tunnel)
Hampton (Independent City) Full-scale wind tunnel at Langley Research Center.
032 Gadsby's Tavern Museum image pending 1963 Alexandria
38°48′13″N 77°02′38″W / 38.8036302213, -77.0440011721 (Gadsby's Tavern)
Alexandria original tavern was a central part of the social, economic, political, and educational life of the city of Alexandria, and the United States.[6]
033 Ellen Glasgow House image pending 1971 Richmond
37°32′27″N 77°26′42″W / 37.5409335813, -77.4450029298 (Glasgow, Ellen, House)
Richmond Residence of author Ellen Glasgow.[7]
015 Carter Glass House image pending 1976 Lynchburg
37°24′48″N 79°08′51″W / 37.4134512422, -79.1474883057 (Carter Glass House)
none Home of Congressman Carter Glass
034 Greenway Court image pending 1960 White Post
39°02′40″N 78°07′09″W / 39.044365558, -78.1191950459 (Greenway Court)
Clarke Estate of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron.[8]g
035 Green Springs Historic District image pending 1974 Zion Crossroads
38°0′55″N 78°9′51″W / 38.01528, -78.16417 (Green Springs Historic District)
Louisa Rural manor hourses and related buildings.[9]
036 Gunston Hall 1960 Lorton
38°38′49.10″N 77°8′47.12″W / 38.6469722, -77.1464222 (Gunston Hall)
Fairfax Home of the United States Founding Father George Mason.[10]
037 Hampton Institute image pending 1974 Hampton
none Hampton University began in 1868 as a teacher training school to train young Black men and women.[11]
038 Hanover County Courthouse image pending 1973 Hanover Court House
37°45′40″N 77°22′03″W / 37.7612038601, -77.3675072611 (Hanover County Courthouse)
Hanover This Georgian courthouse has been used continuously since its completion around 1735. It was here that, in 1763, Patrick Henry argued and won THE PARSON'S CAUSE, a case involving religious liberty in the Colony.[12]
039 Holly Knoll image pending 1981 Capahosic
Gloucester Residence of influential Black educator Robert Russa Moton.[13]
040 The Homestead 1991 Hot Springs
Bath Example of Georgian and Colonial Revival architecture.[14]
041 Jackson Ward Historic District 1976 Richmond
Richmond A historically African-American neighborhood.[15]
042 Kenmore House image pending 1970 Fredericksburg
38°17′35″N 77°27′59″W / 38.2931548394, -77.4664676626 (Kenmore)
none Home of Fielding Lewis.[16]
043 Lee Chapel 1968 Lexington
37°47′08″N 79°26′32″W / 37.7855082917, -79.4421129052 (Lee Chapel, Washington And Lee University)
none Victorian Gothic brick chapel commemorates the years Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) served as president (1865-1870) of the college, then known as Washington College. Lee is buried in a chapel vault.[17]
044 Lightship No. 101, Portsmouth image pending 1989 Portsmouth
36°50′13″N 76°17′55″W / 36.8367987736, -76.2986155953 (Lightship No. 101, Portsmouth)
none Lightship Portsmouth, commissioned as Lightship 101, was first stationed at Cape Charles, Virginia.[18]
045 Lunar Landing Research Facility image pending 1985 Hampton
37°06′01″N 76°23′23″W / 37.1002757457, -76.3898034759 (Lunar Landing Research Facility)
none Crane at Langley Research Center used to practice Apollo lunar landings.[19]
046 Main Street Station and Trainshed image pending 1976 Richmond
37°31′58″N 77°25′45″W / 37.5328611436, -77.4292026432 (Main Street Station And Trainshed)
Richmond Station is an example of Beaux-Arts influence, and trainshed is one of the last gable-roofed trainsheds in America.[20]
047 Marlbourne, Edmund Ruffin Plantation image pending 1964 Richmond
Hanover Property of Confederate secessionist Edmund Ruffin.[21]
048 Gen. George C. Marshall House image pending 1996 Leesburg
39°06′51″N 77°33′36″W / 39.114178, -77.559959 (Marshall, Gen. George C., House)
Loudoun Last home of General George C. Marshall, who called it Dodona Manor.[22]
049 John Marshall House image pending 1960 Richmond
37°32′27″N 77°25′59″W / 37.5408915267, -77.4330847553 (Marshall, John, House)
Richmond Home of 4th Chief Justice John Marshall.[23]
050 Cyrus McCormick Farm And Workshop image pending 1964 Steele's Tavern
Rockbridge Home of the inventor of mechanical reaper.[24]
051 Gari Melchers Home image pending 1965 Falmouth
Stafford Residence of painter Gari Melchers.[25]
052 Menokin image pending 1971 Warsaw
Richmond Home of Declaration of Independence signer Francis Lightfoot Lee.[26]
053 Gen. William Mitchell House image pending 1976 Middleburg
Fauquier and/or Loudoun? Residence of General William "Billy" Mitchell, advocate of air power.[27]
055 James Monroe Tomb image pending 1971 Richmond
37°31′59″N 77°27′20″W / 37.5331536389, -77.4555666809 (Monroe, James, Tomb)
Richmond Burial place of President James Monroe.[28]
056 Monroe Law Office image pending 1966 Fredericksburg
38°18′01″N 77°27′42″W / 38.300193645, -77.4616750693 (Monroe Law Office)
none James Monroe used this structure as a law office from 1786 to 1789.[29]
057 Monticello 1960 Charlottesville
38°0.5′N 78°27.2′W / 38.0083, -78.4533 (Monticello)
Albemarle Mansion of President Thomas Jefferson.[30]
058 Montpelier 1960 Orange
Orange Residence of President James Madison.[31]t
059 Monument Avenue Historic District 1997 Richmond
Richmond Broad tree-lined avenue with several impressive memorials.[32]
060 Monumental Church 1971 Richmond
37°32′13″N 77°25′48″W / 37.5369897008, -77.4300156292 (Monumental Church)
Richmond Early Greek Revival church.[33]
061 Mount Airy 1960 Warsaw
37°58′20″N 76°47′29″W / 37.97222, -76.79139 (Mount Airy)
Richmond Stone plantation house. Burial place of Francis Lightfoot Lee.[34]
062 Mount Vernon 1966 Alexandria
38°42′28″N 77°05′10″W / 38.7079, -77.0861 (Mount Vernon)
Fairfax Plantation home of President George Washington.[35]
063 Natural Bridge 1998 Natural Bridge
37°37′33″N 79°32′43″W / 37.6256806633, -79.5451727263 (Natural Bridge)
Rockbridge Rock bridge.[36]
064 New Kent School and George W. Watkins School 2001 New Kent and Quinton
New Kent These schools represent the token desegregation of southern schools in the decade after the Brown decision.[37]
065 Oak Hill 1960 Leesburg
Loudoun Residence of President James Monroe.[38]
066 Oatlands Plantation image pending 1972 Leesburg
Loudoun Notable Federal-style mansion designed and built by George Carter.[39]
067 Pentagon 1992 Arlington
38°52′16″N 77°03′22″W / 38.87099, -77.05596 (The Pentagon)
Arlington Building is symbolic of national military power.[40]
068 Petersburg Breakthrough Battlefield 2006 Petersburg
Dinwiddie On April 2, 1865, Union forces launched a pre-dawn assault on this portion of Confederate earthworks south of Petersburg.[41]
069 Pittsylvania County Courthouse image pending 1987 Chatham
36°49′24″N 79°23′54″W / 36.8234111261, -79.3982679873 (Pittsylvania County Courthouse)
Pittsylvania In 1878, Judge J.D. Coles was arrested for excluding Black citizens from serving as jurors.[42]
070 Pocahontas Exhibition Coal Mine 1994 Pocahontas
Tazewell 1882 Mine in the Pocahontas coalfield.[43]
071 Poplar Forest 1969 Lynchburg
Bedford Thomas Jefferson built this structure as a country retreat.[44]
072 Potomac Canal Historic District image pending 1982 Great Falls
Fairfax Remains of an impressively engineered canal built beside the falls of the Potomac.[45]
073 Prestwould 2003 Clarksville
Mecklenburg Most intact and best documented plantation surviving in Southside Virginia.[46]
029 Quarters 1, Fort Myer image pending 1972 Arlington
Arlington Residence of all U.S. Army Chiefs of Staff since 1910. Try also Fort Myers Quarters 1 and Quarters 1, Fort Myers
074 Peyton Randolph House image pending 1970 Williamsburg
37°16′13″N 76°42′01″W / 37.2701839534, -76.7001309504 (Peyton Randolph House)
none Hone of Peyton Randolph, first President of the Continental Congress.[47]
075 Virginia Randolph Cottage image pending 1974 Glen Allen
37°39′40″N 77°28′56″W / 37.661124, -77.482340 (Virginia Randolph Cottage)
Henrico Commemorates notable Black teacher Virginia E. Randolph.[48]
076 Rendezvous Docking Simulator image pending 1985 Hampton
37°05′02″N 76°22′41″W / 37.0838282299, -76.3780276457 (Rendezvous Docking Simulator)
none Trainer used by astronauts to practice rendezvous and docking techniques at Langley Research Center.[49]
077 Reynolds Homestead image pending 1977 Critz
36°38′32″N 80°08′55″W / 36.6422976814, -80.1485822619 (Reynolds Homestead)
Patrick Home of R. J. Reynolds, founder of the R. J. Reynolds Robacco Company.[50]
078 Richmond City Hall (1894) image pending 1971 Richmond
37°32′16″N 77°25′59″W / 37.5378730659, -77.4330658333 (City Hall)
Richmond Example of the High Victorian Gothic style.[51]
079 Ripshin image pending 1971 Trout Dale
Grayson Summer home of author Sherwood Anderson.[52]
080 Rising Sun Tavern image pending 1964 Fredericksburg
38°18′17″N 77°27′45″W / 38.304773735, -77.4624016944 (Rising Sun Tavern)
none Tavern built by Charles Washington, youngest brother of George Washington.[53]
80.5 Rotunda, University of Virginia 1965 Charlottesville
38°01′51″N 78°30′19″W / 38.0307975629, -78.5052224415 (University Of Virginia Rotunda)
none Designed by Thomas Jefferson shortly after his death.[54]
081 Robert Russa Moton High School image pending 1998 Farmville
Prince Edward A 1951 student strike led to court case striking down the practice of "separate but equal" schools.[55]
082 Sabine Hall image pending 1970 Tappahannock
Richmond Early Georgian two story brick mansion.[56]
083 Shack Mountain 1992 Charlottesville
Albemarle Home of Fiske Kimball, author of Thomas Jefferson, Architect.[57]
084 St. John's Episcopal Church 1961 Richmond
37°31′46″N 77°25′11″W / 37.5295394637, -77.4198162958 (St. John's Episcopal Church)
Richmond Patrick Henry delivered his "Liberty or Death" speech here.[58]
085 St. Luke's Church 1966 Smithfield
36°56′17″N 76°35′11″W / 36.9380915484, -76.5862759508 (St. Luke's Church)
Isle Of Wight Designed in the Gothic style of medieval English parish churches.[59]
086 Saratoga image pending 1973 Boyce
Clarke Gray limestone Georgian house built by Brig. Gen. Daniel Morgan, best known for his victory over the British at the Battle of Cowpens in 1781.[60]
087 NS Savannah 1991 Newport News
32°47′12″N 79°54′31″W / 32.7866276696, -79.9086140284 (NS Savannah)
York First nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship.[61]
088 Sayler's Creek Battlefield image pending 1985 Farmville
Amelia Site of three battles on April 6, 1865.[62]
089 Scotchtown image pending 1965 Ashland
Hanover Residence of Patrick Henry from 1771 to 1777.[63]
090 James Semple House image pending 1970 Williamsburg
37°16′06″N 76°41′36″W / 37.2682987147, -76.6933221123 (Semple, James, House)
none A relative of the Semples, President John Tyler resided here while attending school.[64]
091 Shirley Plantation 1970 Hopewell
Charles City Oldest plantation in Virginia.[65]
092 Spence's Point image pending 1971 Westmoreland
Westmoreland House of writer John Roderigo Dos Passos.[66]
093 Stonewall Jackson Headquarters 1967 Winchester
39°11′17″N 78°09′58″W / 39.1879470123, -78.166125059 ("Stonewall" Jackson Headquarters)
none Confederate Major General Jackson lived here during the 1861-1862 winter.[67]
094 Stratford Hall Plantation 1960 Lerty
38°08′59″N 76°50′23″W / 38.1498014349, -76.8397313057 (Stratford Hall)
Westmoreland Notable example of early Georgian architecture.[68]
095 Thoroughgood House image pending 1960 Virginia Beach
none One of the oldetst houses in the British Colonies, built by Adam Thoroughgood.[69]
096 Thunderbird Archeological District image pending 1977 Limeton
Warren Three archeological sites.[70]
097 Tredegar Iron Works 1977 Richmond
Richmond One of the largest iron works from 1841 to 1865.[71]
098 Tuckahoe image pending 1969 Manakin
Goochland and Henrico Tuckahoe, owned by the Randolph family, was the home of president Thomas Jefferson for 7 years during his boyhood.[4][72]
099 John Tyler House image pending 1961 Charles City
Charles City Residence of President John Tyler.[73]
100 University of Virginia Historic District image pending 1971 Charlottesville
none District includes Jefferson's original "academical village" and the Rotunda.[74]
102 Wickham-Valentine House image pending 1969 Richmond
37°32′23″N 77°25′52″W / 37.5395803278, -77.4311182643 (Valentine Museum)
Richmond One of Richmond's finest Federal residences.[75]
103 Variable Density Tunnel image pending 1985 Hampton
37°04′37″N 76°20′39″W / 37.076825889, -76.3441525971 (Variable Density Tunnel)
none Steel tank from a wind tunnel at Langley Research Center.[76][77][78]
104 Virginia Governor's Mansion image pending 1988 Richmond
37°32′12″N 77°25′57″W / 37.5367583392, -77.432497723 (Governor's Mansion)
Richmond State Executive Mansion.[79]
106 Virginia Military Institute Historic District image pending 1974 Lexington
none First State-supported military college.[80]
107 Virginia State Capitol, also Confederate Capitol 1960 Richmond
<span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for Expression error: Unexpected < operator°Expression error: Unexpected < operatorExpression error: Unexpected < operatorExpression error: Unexpected >= operator 37°32′20″E">Expression error: Unexpected < operator°Expression error: Unexpected < operatorExpression error: Unexpected < operatorExpression error: Unexpected >= operator 37°32′20″E / , 37.5387576 (Virginia Capitol)
Richmond From July 1861 to April 1865, the Confederate Congress met here.[81]
108 Maggie Lena Walker House image pending 1975 Richmond
37°32′45″N 77°26′17″W / 37.5459265937, -77.4380019542 (Maggie Lena Walker House)
Richmond Home of Maggie Lena Walker, first woman to establish an American bank.[82]
109 George Washington Boyhood Home Site image pending 2000 Fredericksburg
Stafford Known locally as Ferry Farm, this site has a significant association with George Washington.[83]
110 Washington & Lee University Historic District 1971 Lexington
37°47′08″N 79°26′32″W / 37.7855082917, -79.4421129052 (Lee Chapel, Washington And Lee University)
none Neoclassical buildings that form one of the most dignified college campuses.[84]
111 Waterford Historic District image pending 1970 Waterford
Loudoun Oldest settlement in Loudon County.[85]
112 Westover Plantation 1960 Charles City
37°19′58″N 77°10′23″W / 37.33278, -77.17306 (Westover Plantation)
Charles City Ancestral seat of the Byrd family.[86]
113 White House of the Confederacy image pending 1960 Richmond
37°32′20″N 77°25′47″W / 37.5388878372, -77.4297377619 (White House Of The Confederacy)
Richmond Residence of Confederate President Jefferson Davis.[87]
114 Williamsburg Historic District image pending 1960 Williamsburg
none Capital of Virginia from 1699 to 1799.[88]
115 Woodlawn Plantation image pending 1998 Alexandria
Fairfax Flagship property of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.[89]
116 Woodrow Wilson Birthplace image pending 1964 Staunton
38°08′55″N 79°04′09″W / 38.1484733285, -79.0691360817 (Woodrow Wilson Birthplace)
none Birthplace of President Thomas Woodrow Wilson.[90]
117 Wren Building, College of William and Mary image pending 1960 Williamsburg
37°16′08″N 76°42′33″W / 37.2689728498, -76.7091257019 (Wren Building, College Of William And Mary)
none Wren Building at the College of William and Mary.[91]
118 Wythe House image pending 1970 Williamsburg
37°16′12″N 76°42′12″W / 37.2699583647, -76.7032836156 (Wythe House)
none One of Virginia's finest Georgian brick townhouse and home of George Wythe.[92]
119 Yeocomico Church image pending 1970 Tucker Hill
Westmoreland Significant example of transitional Colonial architecture.[93]

[edit] Historic areas in the National Park System

Virginia has 11 National Monuments, National Memorials, National Historical Parks, and other National Park System areas of a historic nature.[1] Some of these may also be National Historic Landmarks and are listed above. The 11 are:

[edit] Former NHLs in Virginia

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] External links

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