List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
There are 118 National Historic Landmarks in Virginia. There are also 11 National Monuments and other areas in the National Park Service system of a historic nature, and there exist some former NHLs, which are listed further below.
Contents |
[edit] Current NHLs in Virginia
The National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) are distributed across Virginia's 95 counties and 39 independent cities.
Landmark name[1] | Image | Year listed[1] | Locality[1][2] | County[1] | Description[3] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
001 | Alexandria Historic District | image pending | 13 Nov 1966 | Alexandria |
Alexandria | A historic district |
002 | Aquia Church | image pending | 05 Jul 1991 | Garrisonville |
Stafford | A church |
003 | Bacon's Castle | 09 Oct 1960 | Bacon's Castle |
Surry | A castle. | |
004 | Ball's Bluff Battlefield and National Cemetery | image pending | 27 Apr 1984 | Leesburg |
Loudoun | Site of an embarrassing Union defeat early in the American Civil War, caused by inept generalship, after which drowned troops' bodies floated down the Potomac River to Washington, D.C. |
005 | Barracks, Virginia Military Institute | image pending | 21 Dec 1965 | Lexington |
none | Gothic style cadet barracks building on the grounds of Virginia Military Institute. (Try Virginia Military Institute Barracks) |
006 | Benjamin Banneker, SW-9 Intermediate Boundary Stone | image pending | 1976 | Arlington |
Arlington | A boundary stone associated with Benjamin Banneker, (1731-1806), multi-talented surveyor and one of most well-known black men in colonial America |
007 | Berkeley | 11 Nov 1971 | Charles City |
Charles City | A plantation. | |
008 | Berry Hill | image pending | 11 Nov 1971 | South Boston |
Halifax | A mansion. Set up disambig at Berry Hill. |
009 | Brandon | 15 Apr 1970 | Burrowsville |
Prince George | Another plantation. | |
010 | Bremo Historic District | image pending | 11 Nov 1971 | Bremo Bluff |
Fluvanna | A historic district. |
011 | Bruton Parish Church | 15 Apr 1970 | Williamsburg |
none | Earliest church in the British American colonies to reflect the infusion of English Renaissance style. | |
012 | Camden | image pending | 11 Nov 1971 | Port Royal |
Caroline | 2-story Italian villa featuring such 19th-century innovations as a central heating system, gas lights, inside toilets, and shower baths. |
013 | Camp Hoover | 07 Jun 1988 | Madison | President Herbert Hoover's rustic presidential retreat, also known as Rapidan Camp. | ||
014 | Cape Henry Lighthouse | 29 Jan 1964 | Virginia Beach |
none | First lighthouse to be erected by the Federal Government. | |
015 | Carter's Grove | image pending | 15 Apr 1970 | Williamsburg |
James City | 5-part Georgian country house. |
016 | Cedar Creek Battlefield and Belle Grove Plantation | 11 Aug 1969 | Middletown and Strasburg |
Frederick and Warren | Site of the American Civil War battle of Cedar Creek and the Belle Grove Plantation. | |
017 | Christ Church, Lancaster | 30 May 1961 | Irvington |
Lancaster | Example of British Colonial ecclesiastical architecture. | |
018 | Christ Church, Alexandria | 15 Apr 1970 | Alexandria |
Alexandria | 1773 Georgian brick church | |
019 | Charles Richard Drew House | image pending | 11 May 1976 | Arlington |
Arlington | Home of Dr. Charles R. Drew,an African-American physician and medical researcher |
020 | Drydock Number One, Norfolk Naval Shipyard | 11 Nov 1971 | Portsmouth |
none | Union frigate USS Merrimack was rebuilt by the Confederates in this drydock, becoming the ironclad CSS Virginia. Now part of Norfolk Naval Shipyard. | |
021 | Egyptian Building | 11 Nov 1971 | Richmond |
Richmond | First permanent home of the Medical Department of Hampden-Sydney College.[2] | |
022 | Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel | 03 Oct 1985 | Hampton |
Hampton (Independent City) | Wind tunnel at Langley Research Center. (Include this NASA reference) | |
023 | Elsing Green | 11 Nov 1971 | Tunstall |
King William | Georgian plantation house built by Carter Braxton | |
024 | Exchange Building | image pending | 1971 | Petersburg |
none] | Two story Greek Revival structure with a Doric Portico. |
025 | Five Forks Battlefield | 19 Dec 1960 | Petersburg |
Dinwiddie | Site of Battle of Five Forks, where Lee's flank was turned, leading to virtual end of the American Civil War in 1865. | |
026 | Gerald R. Ford, Jr., House | image pending | 17 Dec 1985 | Alexandria |
Alexandria | House of President Gerald R. Ford.[3] |
027 | Fort Monroe | 19 Dec 1960 | Hampton |
none | Fort Monroe was completed in 1834, and is named in honor of U.S. President James Monroe. Completely surrounded by a moat, the six-sided stone fort is the only one of its kind left in the United States that is still an active Army post.[4] | |
028 | Fort Myer Historic District | image pending | 28 Nov 1972 | Arlington |
Arlington | U.S. Army post adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery.[5] |
029 | Franklin and Armfield Office | image pending | 02 Jun 1978 | Alexandria |
Alexandria | Largest slave trading firm in the antebellum South |
030 | Full Scale 30- by 60-Foot Tunnel | 03 Oct 1985 | Hampton |
Hampton (Independent City) | Full-scale wind tunnel at Langley Research Center. | |
032 | Gadsby's Tavern Museum | image pending | 1963 | Alexandria |
Alexandria | original tavern was a central part of the social, economic, political, and educational life of the city of Alexandria, and the United States.[6] |
033 | Ellen Glasgow House | image pending | 1971 | Richmond |
Richmond | Residence of author Ellen Glasgow.[7] |
015 | Carter Glass House | image pending | 1976 | Lynchburg |
none | Home of Congressman Carter Glass |
034 | Greenway Court | image pending | 1960 | White Post |
Clarke | Estate of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron.[8]g |
035 | Green Springs Historic District | image pending | 1974 | Zion Crossroads |
Louisa | Rural manor hourses and related buildings.[9] |
036 | Gunston Hall | 1960 | Lorton |
Fairfax | Home of the United States Founding Father George Mason.[10] | |
037 | Hampton Institute | image pending | 1974 | Hampton |
none | Hampton University began in 1868 as a teacher training school to train young Black men and women.[11] |
038 | Hanover County Courthouse | image pending | 1973 | Hanover Court House |
Hanover | This Georgian courthouse has been used continuously since its completion around 1735. It was here that, in 1763, Patrick Henry argued and won THE PARSON'S CAUSE, a case involving religious liberty in the Colony.[12] |
039 | Holly Knoll | image pending | 1981 | Capahosic |
Gloucester | Residence of influential Black educator Robert Russa Moton.[13] |
040 | The Homestead | 1991 | Hot Springs |
Bath | Example of Georgian and Colonial Revival architecture.[14] | |
041 | Jackson Ward Historic District | 1976 | Richmond |
Richmond | A historically African-American neighborhood.[15] | |
042 | Kenmore House | image pending | 1970 | Fredericksburg |
none | Home of Fielding Lewis.[16] |
043 | Lee Chapel | 1968 | Lexington |
none | Victorian Gothic brick chapel commemorates the years Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) served as president (1865-1870) of the college, then known as Washington College. Lee is buried in a chapel vault.[17] | |
044 | Lightship No. 101, Portsmouth | image pending | 1989 | Portsmouth |
none | Lightship Portsmouth, commissioned as Lightship 101, was first stationed at Cape Charles, Virginia.[18] |
045 | Lunar Landing Research Facility | image pending | 1985 | Hampton |
none | Crane at Langley Research Center used to practice Apollo lunar landings.[19] |
046 | Main Street Station and Trainshed | image pending | 1976 | Richmond |
Richmond | Station is an example of Beaux-Arts influence, and trainshed is one of the last gable-roofed trainsheds in America.[20] |
047 | Marlbourne, Edmund Ruffin Plantation | image pending | 1964 | Richmond |
Hanover | Property of Confederate secessionist Edmund Ruffin.[21] |
048 | Gen. George C. Marshall House | image pending | 1996 | Leesburg |
Loudoun | Last home of General George C. Marshall, who called it Dodona Manor.[22] |
049 | John Marshall House | image pending | 1960 | Richmond |
Richmond | Home of 4th Chief Justice John Marshall.[23] |
050 | Cyrus McCormick Farm And Workshop | image pending | 1964 | Steele's Tavern |
Rockbridge | Home of the inventor of mechanical reaper.[24] |
051 | Gari Melchers Home | image pending | 1965 | Falmouth |
Stafford | Residence of painter Gari Melchers.[25] |
052 | Menokin | image pending | 1971 | Warsaw |
Richmond | Home of Declaration of Independence signer Francis Lightfoot Lee.[26] |
053 | Gen. William Mitchell House | image pending | 1976 | Middleburg |
Fauquier and/or Loudoun? | Residence of General William "Billy" Mitchell, advocate of air power.[27] |
055 | James Monroe Tomb | image pending | 1971 | Richmond |
Richmond | Burial place of President James Monroe.[28] |
056 | Monroe Law Office | image pending | 1966 | Fredericksburg |
none | James Monroe used this structure as a law office from 1786 to 1789.[29] |
057 | Monticello | 1960 | Charlottesville |
Albemarle | Mansion of President Thomas Jefferson.[30] | |
058 | Montpelier | 1960 | Orange |
Orange | Residence of President James Madison.[31]t | |
059 | Monument Avenue Historic District | 1997 | Richmond |
Richmond | Broad tree-lined avenue with several impressive memorials.[32] | |
060 | Monumental Church | 1971 | Richmond |
Richmond | Early Greek Revival church.[33] | |
061 | Mount Airy | 1960 | Warsaw |
Richmond | Stone plantation house. Burial place of Francis Lightfoot Lee.[34] | |
062 | Mount Vernon | 1966 | Alexandria |
Fairfax | Plantation home of President George Washington.[35] | |
063 | Natural Bridge | 1998 | Natural Bridge |
Rockbridge | Rock bridge.[36] | |
064 | New Kent School and George W. Watkins School | 2001 | New Kent and Quinton |
New Kent | These schools represent the token desegregation of southern schools in the decade after the Brown decision.[37] | |
065 | Oak Hill | 1960 | Leesburg |
Loudoun | Residence of President James Monroe.[38] | |
066 | Oatlands Plantation | image pending | 1972 | Leesburg |
Loudoun | Notable Federal-style mansion designed and built by George Carter.[39] |
067 | Pentagon | 1992 | Arlington |
Arlington | Building is symbolic of national military power.[40] | |
068 | Petersburg Breakthrough Battlefield | 2006 | Petersburg |
Dinwiddie | On April 2, 1865, Union forces launched a pre-dawn assault on this portion of Confederate earthworks south of Petersburg.[41] | |
069 | Pittsylvania County Courthouse | image pending | 1987 | Chatham |
Pittsylvania | In 1878, Judge J.D. Coles was arrested for excluding Black citizens from serving as jurors.[42] |
070 | Pocahontas Exhibition Coal Mine | 1994 | Pocahontas |
Tazewell | 1882 Mine in the Pocahontas coalfield.[43] | |
071 | Poplar Forest | 1969 | Lynchburg |
Bedford | Thomas Jefferson built this structure as a country retreat.[44] | |
072 | Potomac Canal Historic District | image pending | 1982 | Great Falls |
Fairfax | Remains of an impressively engineered canal built beside the falls of the Potomac.[45] |
073 | Prestwould | 2003 | Clarksville |
Mecklenburg | Most intact and best documented plantation surviving in Southside Virginia.[46] | |
029 | Quarters 1, Fort Myer | image pending | 1972 | Arlington |
Arlington | Residence of all U.S. Army Chiefs of Staff since 1910. Try also Fort Myers Quarters 1 and Quarters 1, Fort Myers |
074 | Peyton Randolph House | image pending | 1970 | Williamsburg |
none | Hone of Peyton Randolph, first President of the Continental Congress.[47] |
075 | Virginia Randolph Cottage | image pending | 1974 | Glen Allen |
Henrico | Commemorates notable Black teacher Virginia E. Randolph.[48] |
076 | Rendezvous Docking Simulator | image pending | 1985 | Hampton |
none | Trainer used by astronauts to practice rendezvous and docking techniques at Langley Research Center.[49] |
077 | Reynolds Homestead | image pending | 1977 | Critz |
Patrick | Home of R. J. Reynolds, founder of the R. J. Reynolds Robacco Company.[50] |
078 | Richmond City Hall (1894) | image pending | 1971 | Richmond |
Richmond | Example of the High Victorian Gothic style.[51] |
079 | Ripshin | image pending | 1971 | Trout Dale |
Grayson | Summer home of author Sherwood Anderson.[52] |
080 | Rising Sun Tavern | image pending | 1964 | Fredericksburg |
none | Tavern built by Charles Washington, youngest brother of George Washington.[53] |
80.5 | Rotunda, University of Virginia | 1965 | Charlottesville |
none | Designed by Thomas Jefferson shortly after his death.[54] | |
081 | Robert Russa Moton High School | image pending | 1998 | Farmville |
Prince Edward | A 1951 student strike led to court case striking down the practice of "separate but equal" schools.[55] |
082 | Sabine Hall | image pending | 1970 | Tappahannock |
Richmond | Early Georgian two story brick mansion.[56] |
083 | Shack Mountain | 1992 | Charlottesville |
Albemarle | Home of Fiske Kimball, author of Thomas Jefferson, Architect.[57] | |
084 | St. John's Episcopal Church | 1961 | Richmond |
Richmond | Patrick Henry delivered his "Liberty or Death" speech here.[58] | |
085 | St. Luke's Church | 1966 | Smithfield |
Isle Of Wight | Designed in the Gothic style of medieval English parish churches.[59] | |
086 | Saratoga | image pending | 1973 | Boyce |
Clarke | Gray limestone Georgian house built by Brig. Gen. Daniel Morgan, best known for his victory over the British at the Battle of Cowpens in 1781.[60] |
087 | NS Savannah | 1991 | Newport News |
York | First nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship.[61] | |
088 | Sayler's Creek Battlefield | image pending | 1985 | Farmville |
Amelia | Site of three battles on April 6, 1865.[62] |
089 | Scotchtown | image pending | 1965 | Ashland |
Hanover | Residence of Patrick Henry from 1771 to 1777.[63] |
090 | James Semple House | image pending | 1970 | Williamsburg |
none | A relative of the Semples, President John Tyler resided here while attending school.[64] |
091 | Shirley Plantation | 1970 | Hopewell |
Charles City | Oldest plantation in Virginia.[65] | |
092 | Spence's Point | image pending | 1971 | Westmoreland |
Westmoreland | House of writer John Roderigo Dos Passos.[66] |
093 | Stonewall Jackson Headquarters | 1967 | Winchester |
none | Confederate Major General Jackson lived here during the 1861-1862 winter.[67] | |
094 | Stratford Hall Plantation | 1960 | Lerty |
Westmoreland | Notable example of early Georgian architecture.[68] | |
095 | Thoroughgood House | image pending | 1960 | Virginia Beach |
none | One of the oldetst houses in the British Colonies, built by Adam Thoroughgood.[69] |
096 | Thunderbird Archeological District | image pending | 1977 | Limeton |
Warren | Three archeological sites.[70] |
097 | Tredegar Iron Works | 1977 | Richmond |
Richmond | One of the largest iron works from 1841 to 1865.[71] | |
098 | Tuckahoe | image pending | 1969 | Manakin |
Goochland and Henrico | Tuckahoe, owned by the Randolph family, was the home of president Thomas Jefferson for 7 years during his boyhood.[4][72] |
099 | John Tyler House | image pending | 1961 | Charles City |
Charles City | Residence of President John Tyler.[73] |
100 | University of Virginia Historic District | image pending | 1971 | Charlottesville |
none | District includes Jefferson's original "academical village" and the Rotunda.[74] |
102 | Wickham-Valentine House | image pending | 1969 | Richmond |
Richmond | One of Richmond's finest Federal residences.[75] |
103 | Variable Density Tunnel | image pending | 1985 | Hampton |
none | Steel tank from a wind tunnel at Langley Research Center.[76][77][78] |
104 | Virginia Governor's Mansion | image pending | 1988 | Richmond |
Richmond | State Executive Mansion.[79] |
106 | Virginia Military Institute Historic District | image pending | 1974 | Lexington |
none | First State-supported military college.[80] |
107 | Virginia State Capitol, also Confederate Capitol | 1960 | Richmond |
Richmond | From July 1861 to April 1865, the Confederate Congress met here.[81] | |
108 | Maggie Lena Walker House | image pending | 1975 | Richmond |
Richmond | Home of Maggie Lena Walker, first woman to establish an American bank.[82] |
109 | George Washington Boyhood Home Site | image pending | 2000 | Fredericksburg |
Stafford | Known locally as Ferry Farm, this site has a significant association with George Washington.[83] |
110 | Washington & Lee University Historic District | 1971 | Lexington |
none | Neoclassical buildings that form one of the most dignified college campuses.[84] | |
111 | Waterford Historic District | image pending | 1970 | Waterford |
Loudoun | Oldest settlement in Loudon County.[85] |
112 | Westover Plantation | 1960 | Charles City |
Charles City | Ancestral seat of the Byrd family.[86] | |
113 | White House of the Confederacy | image pending | 1960 | Richmond |
Richmond | Residence of Confederate President Jefferson Davis.[87] |
114 | Williamsburg Historic District | image pending | 1960 | Williamsburg |
none | Capital of Virginia from 1699 to 1799.[88] |
115 | Woodlawn Plantation | image pending | 1998 | Alexandria |
Fairfax | Flagship property of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.[89] |
116 | Woodrow Wilson Birthplace | image pending | 1964 | Staunton |
none | Birthplace of President Thomas Woodrow Wilson.[90] |
117 | Wren Building, College of William and Mary | image pending | 1960 | Williamsburg |
none | Wren Building at the College of William and Mary.[91] |
118 | Wythe House | image pending | 1970 | Williamsburg |
none | One of Virginia's finest Georgian brick townhouse and home of George Wythe.[92] |
119 | Yeocomico Church | image pending | 1970 | Tucker Hill |
Westmoreland | Significant example of transitional Colonial architecture.[93] |
[edit] Historic areas in the National Park System
Virginia has 11 National Monuments, National Memorials, National Historical Parks, and other National Park System areas of a historic nature.[1] Some of these may also be National Historic Landmarks and are listed above. The 11 are:
- Appomattox Court House National Historical Park
- Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial
- Booker T. Washington National Monument
- Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park
- Colonial National Historical Park
- Cumberland Gap National Historical Park (shared with Kentucky and Tennessee)
- Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields Memorial National Military Park
- George Washington Birthplace National Monument
- Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (shared with Maryland and West Virginia)
- Petersburg National Battlefield
- Richmond National Battlefield Park
[edit] Former NHLs in Virginia
- USS Sequoia (presidential yacht), relocated to District of Columbia
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e National Park Service (April 2007), National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State, <http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/LIST07.pdf>. Retrieved on 20 May 2007
- ^ National Park Service. National Historic Landmark Program: NHL Database. Retrieved on 2007-08-14.
- ^ National Park Service. National Historic Landmark Program: NHL Database. Retrieved on various dates.
- ^ Boyhood home of Jefferson.[1]
[edit] External links
- National Register Information System, National Park Service.