Saltire
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- St Andrew's Cross redirects here. For the item of BDSM furniture, see Saint Andrew's Cross (BDSM)
A saltire, Saint Andrew's Cross, or crux decussata (though it is never called the latter in heraldry), is a heraldic symbol in the form of a diagonal cross or letter X. Saint Andrew is said to have been martyred on such a cross.
It forms the national Flag of Scotland and Flag of Jamaica, and appears on many other flags, arms and seals. It is also used as a traffic sign and a form of BDSM furniture.
[edit] Heraldry
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A saltire is an X-shaped ordinary in heraldry. Like other ordinaries, a single saltire is throughout — extending to the edges of the field — unless it is blazoned as couped (cut off). When two or more saltires appear, they are necessarily couped, and need not be so described explicitly.
A saltorel is a narrow saltire; the term is usually defined as one-half the width of the saltire, and is a relatively recent "innovation". This is apparently different from a fillet saltire.
A field that is party per saltire is divided into four areas by x-shaped cuts. If two tinctures are specified, the first refers to the areas above and below the X, and the second refers to the ones on either side. Otherwise, each of the four divisions may be blazoned separately, the sequence being then top, left, right, bottom.
The phrase in saltire is used in two ways: to describe two charges, such as the keys in the arms of many entities associated with Saint Peter, crossing each other diagonally; or for five or more charges, one in the center and one or more on each arm of an invisible saltire.
Three saltires couped appear in the arms and flag of Amsterdam, and a saltire is used by a supporter of the royal arms of Scotland. The flag traditionally attributed to the Kingdom of Mercia was a gold saltire on a light blue background. Thus, Azure a saltire Or are now the arms of the City and District of St Albans.
[edit] Flags
The Flag of Scotland, called The Saltire or St Andrew's Cross, is a blue field with a white saltire; according to tradition, it represents Saint Andrew, who is supposed to have been crucified on a cross of that form (called a crux decussata) at Patras. The St Andrew's Cross was worn as a badge on hats in Scotland, on the day of the feast of St Andrew.[1] It is the oldest continuously used sovereign flag in the world, having been in use since 832 AD.
Numerous flags are inspired by the saltire and the colours blue and white—mostly connected with Scotland or Russia, where Saint Andrew is the national patron saint. The naval ensign of the Imperial Russian (1696-1917) and Russian navies (1991-present) is a blue saltire on a white field. Prior to the Union the Royal Scots Navy used a red ensign incorporating the St Andrew's Cross. This ensign is now commonly flown as part of an unofficial civil ensign in Scottish waters. The blue saltire on white design is featured on the Coat of Arms of Nova Scotia, Canada and its flag (Nova Scotia was originally a Scottish colony), but the blue used for Nova Scotia is generally a light blue. Similarly, the flags of the Spanish island of Tenerife and the remote Colombian islands of San Andrés and Providencia also use a white saltire on a blue field.
The Flag of Scotland forms one of the three crosses that are superimposed to form the Union Flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (The other two are St George's Cross [representing England] and St Patrick's Cross [representing Ireland].)
The design of the St Andrew's Cross was also a major inspiration for several other flags, including the flag of Jamaica and the Confederate Battle Flag and Naval Jack used during the American Civil War (see Flags of the Confederate States of America).
The Confederate battle flag is also related to the red Irish saltire, the so-called St. Patrick's cross (in actuality derived from the arms of the FitzGeralds), which is the smaller red saltire found in the Union Flag. The designer of the Confederate battle flag, William Porcher Miles, never claimed it to be a St. Andrew's cross design, but rather a heraldic saltire without religious symbolism.
Other saltire flags include the flags of Alabama, Florida, Jamaica, Grenada, Jersey, Potchefstroom and Valdivia, which is identical to the flag of St. Patrick.
[edit] Other uses
[edit] Signage
A white St. Andrew's Cross on a blue background (or black on yellow for temporary signs) is displayed in UK railway signalling as a "cancelling indicator" for the Automatic Warning System or AWS, informing the driver that the received warning can be disregarded.
[edit] Gallery of saltires
 Cross of Burgundy Flag (used by the Spanish Empire 1506–1701 as a naval ensign, and up to 1843 as the land battle flag) |
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 Flag of Potchefstroom, North West Province, South Africa (also formerly of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek) |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ This article incorporates content from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, a publication in the public domain.
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| Charge • Divisions • Field • Lines • Ordinary • Tincture |
| Bend • Bordure • Canton • Chevron • Chief • Cross • Fess • Flaunch • Pall • Pale • Saltire |
