1990s

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Millennia:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century - 20th century - 21st century
Decades:	1960s 1970s 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 2010s 2020s
Years:	1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Categories:	Births - Deaths - Architecture Establishments - Disestablishments

For the band, see 1990s (band).

The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999. During this time, the widespread adoption of personal computers and the Internet increased economic productivity, while high levels of private investment in equity markets increased personal wealth among many Americans, Japanese, South Koreans, Australians and Western Europeans.

[edit] Economics

Skyline of Sanhattan, Santiago, Chile's Financial District — Example of global economic growth during the 1990s.

Despite economic prosperity and democracy, there were problems in the 1990s that became more visible after the decade ended. In Africa a rapid increase in incidence of AIDS contributed to falling life expectancy and zero or negative growth rates. In the former Soviet Union GDP decreased as their economies restructured to produce goods they needed and some capital flight occurred. Financial crises in the developing world after 1994 (i.e. the Asian economic crises of 1997) began to undermine some support for a global economy.

Many countries, institutions, companies, and organizations experienced the 1990s as a prosperous time. Despite the recession that affected much of the world in the late 1980s, high income economies such as the United States, Canada, Ireland, Australia, and South Korea experienced steady economic growth for much of the decade.

In many countries, political stability and decreased militarization due to the winding down of the Cold War led to economic development and higher standards of living for many citizens. These trends were also fueled by inexpensive fossil energy, with low petroleum prices caused by a glut of oil. Oil and gas were discovered in many countries in the former Soviet bloc, leading to economic growth and wider adoption of trade between nations, but the 15 new nations of the old USSR, plus Russia, struggled to adjust to the new economic reality. Consequently, the decade ended in a painful recession for it.

US economy ends the decade with a 4% unemployment rate, personal incomes doubled from the recession in 1990, overall higher productivity. After the 1996 Welfare Reform act there was a great reduction of poverty rates, and the Wall Street stock exchange stayed over the 10,000 mark from 1999 to 2001.
After 1992 the booming of the US stock market, in reference to which Alan Greenspan coined the memorable phrase "irrational exuberance", eventually merged into the dot-com boom / dot-com bubble (2000 – 2001).
GATT update and creation of the World Trade Organization and other global economic institutions, but opposition by anti-globalization activists showed up in nearly every GATT summit, like the demonstrations in Seattle in December 1999.
With the creation of the E.U. there is free movement of labor between member states, such as the 1992 and 1995 free trade agreements. The EU agreed to have a single currency, and the Euro began circulation in March 1999 in 15 member states.
Philippines shown a great economic development after The People Power revolt. The economy gains 5% from its deficit until the Asian financial crisis of 1997.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which phases out trade barriers between the United States, Mexico and Canada is signed into law by U.S. President Bill Clinton.
From 1990 until 1998 inclusive, the economy of Russia and some former USSR states was in a severe depression. Eastern European economies struggled after the fall of communism, but Poland, Hungary, Estonia and Lithuania saw healthy economic growth rates in the late 1990s.
Except for Great Britain and Ireland, much of Europe had serious economic problems, such as the massive 1995 general strikes in France during its worst recession since World War II. The French economy mildly rebounds at the end of the decade.
Democracy, economic reform and peace arrive in Latin America, while the sluggish economies of Brazil, by a new emphasis on free markets for all their citizens, and Mexico, under economist president Ernesto Zedillo elected in 1994, were their best shape by the late 1990s.
Financial crisis hits East and Southeast Asia in 1997 and 1998 after a long period of phenomenal economic development. Japan was heavily affected, as was Indonesia when the 30-year rule of President Suharto ended in his resignation after widespread protests in May 1998. See East Asian Tigers.

[edit] World-changing events

Significant events that occurred during or after 1990 which would influence the course of history and character of the decade, include:

The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 2, 1990.
The German reunification in October 3, 1990 as a result of the fall of the Berlin Wall
The resignation of Margaret Thatcher as leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister of the UK followed by the election and appointment of John Major as her successor on November 28, 1990.
The Moscow Coup and subsequent break-up of the Soviet Union on December 21, 1991.

Significant events that marked the passing of the decade include:

The resignation of President Boris Yeltsin on December 31, 1999 resulting in Prime Minister Vladimir Putin's succession to the position
World-wide New Year's Eve celebrations on December 31, 1999.
Worldwide concern about possible widespread computer malfunctions resulting from the Year 2000 problem.

[edit] Social Trends

^{This section requires expansion.}

[edit] Science

Hubble Space Telescope

Physicists develop string theory and M-theory.
Detection of extrasolar planets orbiting stars other than the sun.
Dolly the sheep is cloned.
Human Genome Project begins.
DNA identification of individuals finds wide application in criminal law.
Hubble Space Telescope launched in 1990; revolutionizes astronomy.
Protease inhibitors introduced allowing HAART therapy against HIV; drastically reduces AIDS mortality.
NASA's spacecraft Pathfinder lands on Mars and deploys a small roving vehicle, Sojourner, which analyzes the planet's geology and atmosphere.
The Hale-Bopp comet swings past the sun for the first time in 4,200 years in April 1997.
Development of biodegradable products, replacing products made from Styrofoam; advances in methods for recycling of waste products (such as paper, glass, aluminum).
Genetically engineered crops are developed for commercial use.
Discovery of dark matter, dark energy, brown dwarfs, and first confirmation of black holes.
The Galileo probe orbits Jupiter, studying the planet and its moons extensively.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) becomes fully operational.
Proof of Fermat's last theorem is discovered by Andrew Wiles.
Construction starts on the International Space Station - 1996/1997

[edit] Technology

Some technologies invented and improved during the 1990s:

Graphic representation of the WWW

[edit] Hardware

The Pentium processor is developed by Intel.
Explosive growth of the Internet, perhaps caused by a decrease in the cost of computers and other technology.
Advancements in computer modems, ISDN, cable modems and DSL lead to faster connection to the Internet.
Pagers are initially popular but ultimately are replaced by mobile phones toward the end of the decade.
Hand-held satellite phones are introduced towards the end of the decade.
CD burner drives are introduced.
Digital SLRs and regular Digital cameras become commercially available.
The DVD media format is developed and popularized along with a plethora of Flash memory card standards.
Apple introduces the iMac computer, initiating a trend in computer design towards translucent plastics and multicolor case design, discontinuing many legacy technologies like the serial ports, and beginning a resurgence in the company's fortunes that continues unabated to this day.
IBM introduces the 1-inch wide Microdrive hard drive in 170 MB and 340 MB capacities.
The first GSM network is launched in Finland in 1991
The first MP3 Player, the MPMan, is released in late spring of 1998. It came with 32Mb of flash memory expandable to 64Mb.
The introduction of affordable, smaller satellite dishes and the DVB-S standard in the mid-1990s expanded satellite television services that carried up to 500 television channels.

[edit] Software

The World Wide Web and HTML are created by Tim Berners-Lee and eventually displace the Gopher protocol.
Microsoft introduces Windows 95 and later Windows 98 to the market, which gain immediate popularity.
The development of Web browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer makes surfing the World Wide Web easier and more user friendly.
The Java programming language is developed by Sun Microsystems.
Businesses start to build E-commerce websites; E-commerce-only companies such as Amazon.com, eBay, AOL, and Yahoo! grow rapidly.
E-mail becomes popular; as a result Microsoft acquires the popular Hotmail.com webmail service.
Instant Messaging and the Buddy list becomes popular. AIM and ICQ are two early protocols.
The Year 2000 problem (commonly known as Y2K), the computer glitch disaster expected to happen on January 1, 2000.
Microsoft Windows operating systems become virtually ubiquitous on IBM PCs.
Development of the free Linux kernel is started by Linus Torvalds in Finland.

[edit] Computer and video games

3-D graphics become the standard by end of decade. Although FPSs had long since seen the transition to full 3D, other genres begin to copy this trend by the end of the decade.
Lara Croft became the first video game sex symbol, becoming a recognisable figure in the entertainment industry throughout the late 1990s.
The console wars, primarily between Sega (Sega Mega Drive (marketed as the Sega Genesis in North America), introduced in 1988) and Nintendo (Super NES, introduced in 1990), sees the entrance of Sony with the PlayStation in 1994, which becomes the first successful CD-based console (as opposed to cartridges). By the end of the decade, Sega's hold on the market becomes tenuous after the end of the Saturn in 1994 and the Dreamcast in 2001.
Mario finds a rival in Sonic the Hedgehog with the release of the original game on the Genesis in 1991.
Nintendo released the first 3-D styled video game Donkey Kong Country for the SNES in 1994, and three sequels to further advance video game design.
Arcade games rapidly decrease in popularity.
Fighting games like Capcom's Street Fighter II, Sega's futuristic Virtua Fighter and the more violent Mortal Kombat from Acclaim prompted the video game industry to adopt a game rating system, and hundreds of knock-offs are widely popular in mid-to-late1990s.
Sony's PlayStation becomes the top selling game console and changes the standard media storage type from cartridges to compact discs in consoles.
Doom (1993) bursts onto the world scene and instantly popularizes the FPS genre, and even how games are played, as Doom is among the first games to feature multiplayer capabilities. It is not until Quake (1996), however, that game developers begin to take multiplayer features into serious consideration when making games. Half-Life (1998) features the next evolutionary step in the genre with continual progression of the game (no levels in the traditional sense) and an entirely in-person view, and becomes one of the most popular computer games in history.
The real-time strategy (RTS) genre is introduced in 1992 with the release of Dune II. Warcraft: Orcs & Humans (1994) popularizes the genre, with Command & Conquer and Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness in 1995 sets up the first major real-time strategy competition and popularizes multiplayer capabilities in RTS games. StarCraft in 1998 becomes the second best-selling computer game of all time. It remains among the most popular multiplayer RTS games to this day, especially in South Korea. Homeworld in 1999 becomes the first successful 3d RTS game. The rise of the RTS genre is often credited with the fall of the turn-based strategy (TBS) genre, popularized with Civilization in 1991. The Civilization franchise is the only TBS franchise that remains popular.
Final Fantasy first debuted (in North America) in 1990 for the NES, and remains among the most popular video game franchises, with 11 total sequels to date, with another in development, plus numerous spin-offs and related titles. Final Fantasy VII, released in 1997, especially popularized the series.
Zelda continues its massive popularity with a series of groundbreaking games, including The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, released in 1998, which is considered one of the best and most groundbreaking games of all time.
Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing games (MMORPGs) see their entrance into the computer game world with Ultima Online in 1997, although they don't gain widespread popularity until EverQuest and Asheron's Call in 1999. MMORPGs go on to become among the most popular genres in the 2000s.
Pokémon entered the world scene with the release of the original Game Boy Pokémon Red and Pokémon Green games in Japan in 1996, later changed to Pokémon Red and Pokémon Blue for worldwide release in 1998. It soon becomes popular in the U.S. and is adapted into a popular children's anime series and trading card game, among other media forms. Its popularity remains well into the 2000s.

[edit] Popular video games of the 1990s

1990

1991

1992

Mortal Kombat
Dune II
Ultima VII: The Black Gate
Virtua Racing
The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past
Kirby's Dream Land
Wolfenstein 3D
Super Mario Kart
Sonic the Hedgehog 2

1993

1994

1995

1996

Duke Nukem 3D
Resident Evil
Quake
Super Mario 64
Command & Conquer: Red Alert
Tomb Raider
Super Mario RPG
Diablo
Twisted Metal 2: World Tour
Heroes of Might and Magic II: The Succession Wars

1997

1998

1999

Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage!
EverQuest
Super Smash Bros.
Homeworld
Sonic Adventure
Harvest Moon 64
Tony Hawk's Pro Skater
Soul Calibur
Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings
Unreal Tournament
Quake III Arena
Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun
Heroes of Might and Magic III: The Restoration of Erathia

[edit] Culture

[edit] Cultural Trends

Youth culture in the 1990s was characterized by environmentalism and entrepreneurship. Fashions were often individualistic, tattoos and body piercing gained popularity, and "retro" styles inspired by fashions of the 1960s and 1970s were also prevalent. Some young people became increasingly involved in outdoor activities that combined embracing athletics with the appreciation of nature (such as kayaking, rock climbing, windsurfing and snowboarding).
Jam bands grew in popularity, the most famous were Phish and Dave Matthews Band.
Following the 1980s media counter-culture lead by tabloid talk shows popularized by Oprah Winfrey in 1986, which provided high-impact media visibility for gays, bisexuals, transsexuals, and transgender people [1] the 1990s saw a further increase in gay visibility in the mainstream media and the introduction of outing. In 1990, the World Health Organization removed homosexuality from its list of diseases. US TV shows like Will and Grace, Friends, Thirtysomething, My So-Called Life, Roseanne, Dawson's Creek, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Melrose Place and Ellen featured gay characters. Movies like The Birdcage, In and Out and Kiss Me, Guido saw mainstream success, and celebrities like k.d. lang, Rob Halford, Elton John, Melissa Etheridge, Amanda Bearse and all spoke openly about their sexuality. U.S. President Bill Clinton generally held a pro-gay rights viewpoint.
The 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' discovery of America in 1992 was popularly observed, despite controversy and protests against Columbus' expeditions victimization of Native Americans. The holiday was labeled by some as racist, in view of Native American experiences of colonialism, slavery, genocide and cultural destruction.
Douglas Coupland publishes the novel Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture, popularizing the term Generation X as the name of the generation born in the late 1960s and early 1970s (then college-age).
The Grunge trend explodes due to the success of grunge bands such as Alice in Chains, Nirvana, Pearl Jam and Soundgarden. It is characterized by wearing flannel shirts, torn jeans, Doc Martens, Converse high top sneakers and long, straight hair. The fashion hits an ironic point in 1993, when the flannel clothing these bands wore (because it was cheap and warm and most of these musicians were very poor) became high fashion accessories. Post Grunge bands would later gain widespread popularity by bands such as Foo Fighters, Creed and Seether.
Reality television explodes on MTV with the popularity of The Real World (1992 – ); along with Road Rules (1995 – ), Real World/Road Rules Challenge (1998), and Real World reunions, these shows remained popular throughout the 1990s. Reality would become a staple of main networks in the early part of the 2000s.

A Ford Taurus, which was one of the best selling vehicles in the U.S. throughout the decade.

Blood and gore in television and video games rises dramatically, along with language and sexual content, especially during the latter half of the decade; a Parental Ratings system for television is introduced in 1997 because of related complaints.
Video games become more advanced and popular. Rivals Nintendo and Sega dominate the early 1990s. The Sony PlayStation and Nintendo 64 would later dominate the late 1990s and remain popular beyond 1999. Sega's Dreamcast (1999) marked the end of Sega's role in the console market. Simulation and God games rise in popularity in the mid-late 1990s, with games such as SimCity 2000, Microsoft Flight Simulator 95, 98 and RollerCoaster Tycoon (game).
Body art, in the form of body piercing and tattoos becomes commonplace for young people. This trend continues into the 2000s.
Extreme sports reached a new height in popularity, and by 1995, were given their own annual tournament on US cable network ESPN, the X-Games.
Recreational outdoor sports such as rock climbing, mountain biking, sky diving, snowboarding, mountain climbing, bungee jumping, in-line skating, kayaking, windsurfing and rowing become hugely popular.
Extended alcohol sales are implemented in the US to reduce alcohol abuse.
The exploitation of the collectability of comic books results in a trend of "gimmick" packaging and storylines (most notably The Death of Superman). The comic book industry collapses as interest in print comics decreases among younger generations and casual readers. Comic books disappear as a familiar sight at the newsstands. As comics, including Japanese manga and other graphic novels become more available in bookstore chains, the role of the comic book store as a source for comics and social gathering wanes. The domination by industry giants Marvel Comics and DC Comics ends as various independents, such as Image Comics produce popular titles. The era of comic book collecting for speculative investment ends. Webcomics by amateur cartoonists become popular.
Conversion to Block scheduling became a trendy initiative for United States schools.

The Ford Explorer, which sparked the SUV craze among families in the '90s. The Explorer was also one of the most popular vehicles in the '90s

Due to the success of the Ford Explorer, Sport Utility Vehicles became very popular among families, and effectively replaced the station wagon and minivan as the stereotypical family vehicle.
Major 1990s slang words/phrases, mostly related to hip hop culture, include: "dawg" "homie", "phat", "da bomb", "tight", "word to your mother", "Talk to the hand [because the face ain't listening]", "it's goin' down", "Sike!", "You go girl!", "yo", "whatever!", "all that and a bag of chips".
Young adult and teenage fiction books become popular due to the efforts of R. L. Stine and Christopher Pike throughout the entire 1990s.
Dogme 95 becomes an important European artistic film movement by the end of the decade.
Eurodance music dominates discotheques and has numerous major mainstream hits in European (and to a lesser extent, North American) music charts.
Mainstream "Techno", as it is dubbed by the media, became hugely popular in Europe and the U.S. From the early raves of 1990 to about 1996, electronic music gradually gained widespread recognition as a new genre in its own right. This trend reached a head in the latter part of the decade as underground parties were largely replaced by massive commercially sponsored parties, and as music media such as MTV began coverage of it.

Breakdancer in Ljubljana, Slovenia when hip-hop music swept the globe in the 1990s.

Media consolidation leads to increased segmentation in styles of music.
24-hour CNN coverage (Wolf Blitzer) during the Gulf War leads to increased awareness and coverage of world events and knock-off Infotainment shows such as A Current Affair and Geraldo Rivera-style journalism.
Hip-hop culture grows; by the end of the decade hip hop gained more and more popularity.
Grunge culture sparks as glam metal dies off in late 1991 and 1992, allowing other styles of heavy metal to return to prominence when the popular groove metal group Pantera hits number 1 on the Billboard Top 200 Album Chart with their third album Far Beyond Driven. The grunger subculture associated with grunge becomes very prominent in this decade. Due to grunge's huge success, Kurt Cobain and Eddie Vedder become the spokesmodels of Generation X.
Tupac Shakur of Death Row Records and The Notorious BIG of Bad Boy Records, wage a cultural war in the hip hop music scene, leading to the murder of both Shakur in 1996 and BIG in 1997.
Professional wrestling experiences a huge rise in popularity, beginning primarily in 1995 with the beginning of WCW Monday Nitro, a Monday night wrestling program owned by Ted Turner and broadcast on TNT. WCW Monday Nitro squared off against rival promotion WWF and their Monday Night Raw program, which was also broadcast on Monday nights on the USA Network. This period is known in the wrestling business as the Monday Night War, and spawned the success of wrestlers such as Bill Goldberg, Stone Cold Steve Austin, The Rock, Sable, Sting and others. Eventually, due to declining ratings caused by various factors, WCW (World Championship Wrestling) was purchased by the WWF (World Wrestling Federation, now known as WWE: World Wrestling Entertainment) on March 26, 2001. The Monday Night War lasted from September 4, 1995 to March 26, 2001. Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) also experienced much success in the 90s, but was also purchased by WWE in 2001 (although it had an "invasion" storyline along with WCW in 2001 in the WWF).
National conservative political commentators such as Rush Limbaugh, G. Gordon Liddy emerge on United States AM Radio, influencing the 1994 Contract for America and criticism of Bill Clinton.
Electronic Music is hugely popular on Top 40 radio from 1990 to present and up to 1996 or 1997 in the U.S. Popular artists include The Prodigy, Eiffel 65 and Fatboy Slim.
Alternative rock overtakes Grunge in popularity around 1995. Nu-metal, a genre popularized by the 1994 self-titled album by Korn, becomes a major genre of rock around the year 1997 along with post-grunge and "indie rock".
Indie/hipster culture appears during the mid-1990s. Emo and "scene" culture flourishes in the late 1990s, most likely around the later part of 1998.
Teen pop makes a comeback in the late 1990s, starting in the year 1997 with artists such as the Spice Girls (who became the greatest selling female group of all time), Hanson, Aqua, Backstreet Boys, Christina Aguilera, Britney Spears, N'SYNC and many more.
Christian music peaks in the mid to late 1990s.
R&B Music and hip-hop influenced R&B, such as music groups like The Fugees, Boyz II Men and TLC), are big in the 1990s.

[edit] Fashion

See also: 1990s in fashion

The 1990s in popular culture is typically referred to as the decade of "anti-fashion". In reality, anti-fashion was only one of many trends in fashion in the 1990s. The fashion of the 1990s was characterized by minimalist styles, and many overlapping, often contradictory trends. The most significant event was the rise of grunge fashion in 1992. In the late 1990s there was a move away from grunge. Retro clothing inspired by the 1960s and 1970s was popular for much of the 1990s.

[edit] Music

Popular styles include alternative rock (Red Hot Chili Peppers, The Smashing Pumpkins), grunge (Nirvana, Stone Temple Pilots, Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Soundgarden), post-grunge (Collective Soul, Third Eye Blind, Everclear, Creed, Foo Fighters, Bush, Stiltskin, Silverchair), heavy metal and alternative metal (Helmet, Marilyn Manson, Nine Inch Nails, Metallica, Pantera, Tool), black metal gained a large number of fans in Northern Europe, Britpop and British rock (Oasis, Blur, Suede, Pulp, Radiohead, The Verve, Travis), pop-punk (Green Day, The Offspring, Rancid, Blink-182), third wave ska (No Doubt, Sublime, Reel Big Fish, Mighty Mighty Bosstones), indie rock (Fugazi, Pavement, Neutral Milk Hotel, The Flaming Lips, Modest Mouse), jam bands (Dave Matthews Band, Phish), and nu metal (Korn, Limp Bizkit, Deftones) towards the end of the decade. Singer-songwriters include Tori Amos, Alanis Morissette, Beck, Elliott Smith, Jeff Buckley, and Jewel. Emo music which, would later become a staple of rock music, began receiving commercial and critical acclaim. Notable examples include Sunny Day Real Estate's Diary and Weezer's Pinkerton, which have since become highly influential on the genre. Radiohead's popularity exploded in 1997 with the release of OK Computer. Most notable, though, was the explosion of Grunge band Nirvana into the mainstream, who found a large audience in the youths of the '90s through their apathetic attitude and their appeal to Generation X.
Hip hop music diversifies throughout the decade and experiences numerous trends, beginning with the commercial success of pop rappers MC Hammer, Tone Loc, Young MC, Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch, and Vanilla Ice. Other major developments include the proliferation of alternative/jazz rap (De La Soul, Beastie Boys, Arrested Development, Digable Planets, Native Tongues, and A Tribe Called Quest) and the West Coast G-Funk/Gangsta Rap phenomena (Bone Thugs-N-Harmony, Cypress Hill, Dr. Dre, NWA, Snoop Doggy Dogg, Warren G, Coolio, and Tupac Shakur), followed by the resurgence of the New York hip hop scene (The Wu Tang Clan, Boot Camp Clik, Nas, Mobb Deep, and The Notorious B.I.G.), and pop rap (Puff Daddy, Will Smith, and Jay-Z).
Teen pop and Bubblegum pop held over from the late 1980s into 1991, returns to the UK with female groups such as the Spice Girls and All Saints, male groups such as Take That and Five, unisex groups such as Steps and S Club 7 and solo artists such as Billie. The USA also returns to the genre with the Backstreet Boys and Hanson and leads to female solo stars like Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and Jennifer Lopez right at the end of the decade.
Artists like Madonna and Janet Jackson continue to have success with their influential Dance-pop. Michael Jackson continues making arresting music and finds international popularity growing. "Black Or White" released in 1991, becomes a huge global hit, remaining at #1 in the US charts for 7 weeks.
American Club/Dance music is very popular from 1990 to 1996, with acts like C&C Music Factory, Ce Ce Peniston, Crystal Waters, RuPaul, Black Box, & Dee-Lite. Similarly, Eurodance gains popularity in the United States, with many Eurodance artists scoring club hits on the Rhythmic Top 40 and Billboard Hot 100 radio. These artists include Technotronic, Corona, Cappella, N-Trance, Culture Beat,Reel 2 Real, Capital Sound, Jam & Spoon, E-Type, Maxx, La Bouche, Indra, Le Click, Pharao, Real McCoy, Ice MC,Me & My, JK, 2 Unlimited, Dr. Alban, Masterboy, Basic Element, AB Logic, Fun Factory, Mr. President, Shaman and Snap.
The music festival Lollapalooza gained popularity similar to Woodstock; a fusing of genres from alternative rock, rap, punk rock and garage bands.
Latin music becomes popular outside a Spanish-speaking audience with crossover hits by Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez,and Selena, the hit dance song Macarena and others. As Hispanic culture grows in the US, other Latin music genres took root, like Tejano music in the Southwestern United States is a mixed music genre: accordion based Mexican conjunto, Texan country, and modern pop merged to produce a new sound.
Music becomes more profane, by end of decade a Parental Advisory sticker becomes acceptable rather than controversial.
In America, country music becomes more mainstream with popular chart topping artist such as Garth Brooks, George Strait, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes, Billy Ray Cyrus, Sara Evans, Faith Hill, and Tim McGraw. The genre will also build up a more extensive audience world-wide, which sees the first English 24 hour terrestrial country station open in 1994.
Popular hard rock bands maintain a strong presence into the 1990s. Guns N' Roses, Def Leppard, Ozzy Osbourne, and Van Halen were all still quite popular through the mid-1990s. Aerosmith and Bon Jovi's popularity and success spanned the entire decade and both were extremely popular at the turn of the new millennium.
Music resumes its political content after the hiatus of the 1980s. Starting in 1996, the Tibetan Freedom Concert draws up to 120,000 people per year to a rock festival for the benefit of the cause of the International Tibet Independence Movement. Also, socially aware metal bands such as Rage Against the Machine and System of a Down form.
Electronic music becomes widely recognized at rave parties in Europe/USA and, later in the decade, in popular culture. The drug methylenedioxymethamphetamine, (also called Ecstasy or MDMA) is popularized by the burgeoning rave culture. Electronic music is highly popularized in mainstream culture later in the decade by The Prodigy, among other artists of the big beat genre. Whilst genres like House, Techno and Electro continue to be popular into the 1990s, new genres such as Trance, Drum & Bass and Garage become popular too.
Trip hop, a downtempo electronic genre created in the 1990s, becomes popular in the United Kingdom, with artists such as Massive Attack, Portishead, Tricky and Björk.
1980s backlash. During most of the 1990s, anything "Eighties" was considered to be ultimately uncool. As a result, people start wearing straighter hair, darker clothes and acoustic music becomes popular in opposition to the bright synthpop of the 1980s.
Contemporary Christian Music continued to increase in popularity, with artists such as DC Talk, Jars of Clay, Amy Grant and Sixpence None the Richer all releasing platinum selling albums. Songs such as Baby Baby by Amy Grant, Flood by Jars of Clay, and Kiss Me by Sixpence None the Richer were all Top 40 hits..
R&B becomes more popular around 1992 with bands and artists like TLC, Brandy, En Vogue and Salt 'n' Pepa

[edit] Television

See also: List of years in television#1990s

North America
- Seinfeld becomes enormously popular in the United States, lasting from 1989 to 1998 and spawning a new sitcom subgenre.
- Home Improvement (1991-1999) is also a very popular TV show that depicted an average American family's life set in suburban Detroit.
- The Simpsons (1989 – ) becomes popular with adult audiences, eventually paving the way for many adult-oriented animated television shows throughout the next 10 years, including Beavis and Butthead, South Park, Family Guy and King of the Hill.
- Professional wrestling became popular throughout the 1990s. In the late 1990s, the Monday Night Wars was the biggest impact for professional wrestling with the World Wrestling Federation (present day World Wrestling Entertainment), World Championship Wrestling, and Extreme Championship Wrestling. By the early 2000s, the WWF came out of the wars victorious over both WCW and ECW.
- Twin Peaks (1991 - 1992), David Lynch's surrealistic crime drama set in small town America (taking inspiration from his previous work, Blue Velvet), ran on ABC for two seasons, expanding the limits for prime time subject matter and quirky characters, and pushing TV producers and directors toward adapting a more cinematic filming style for television programming -- an influence still visible in the 2000s.
- 20th Century Fox and BBC collaborate to produce the 1996 television movie of the science fiction series Doctor Who, starring Paul McGann as the Doctor.
- NASCAR Racing starts to become popular on TV in the Southern US in the mid to late 1990s. Popular NASCAR drivers during this era are the late Dale Earnhardt, Rusty Wallace, Jeff Gordon, Mark Martin, Dale Jarrett, and Bobby Labonte.
- Pro Basketball sees high US TV ratings in the 1990s with stars like Shaq, Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, Michael Jordan, Karl Malone, Shawn Kemp, Reggie Miller, David Robinson, Penny Hardaway, Tim Duncan, and Patrick Ewing.
- US Saturday morning children's television programming, Like Fox Kids, reaches its peak popularity in the early and mid 1990s considered by many to be a "renaissance" in American animation. Everything from Animaniacs, Garfield and Friends, Eek! The Cat, X-Men, Batman, The Tick, Donkey Kong Country (TV series) and Tiny Toons, to television adaptations of popular video game characters Super Mario and Sonic the Hedgehog.
- The Disney experiences an animation renaissance with the popularity of The Disney Afternoon shows in the early and-mid-1990s, such as DuckTales, Darkwing Duck, Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers, TaleSpin, Gargoyles, Goof Troop, and the Mighty Ducks.
- Nickelodeon gains popularity with the Nicktoons block of shows, such as Doug, Rugrats, The Ren and Stimpy Show, Rocko's Modern Life, AAAHH!!! Real Monsters and Hey Arnold!.
- Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, originally from the 1980s, remain popular in the early and-mid-1990s.
- Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers gains popularity with children in the mid 1990s, leading to the entire Power Rangers series.
- Anime becomes popular in the United States in the late 1990s with shows like Sailor Moon, Samurai Pizza Cats, Pokémon, Dragonball Z, Saint Seiya, Outlaw Star, Ranma ½, Cowboy Bebop and Neon Genesis Evangelion.
- MTV moves away from music videos and into original television shows such as The Real World, which is often cited as the main inspiration for the Reality TV boom of the 2000s.
- Cartoons aimed at an adult audience become popular. Among the most successful are The Simpsons (1989 – ), The Ren and Stimpy Show (1991 – 1996), Beavis and Butt-head (1993 – 1997), Daria (1997 – 2002), South Park (1997 – ), King of the Hill (1997 – ), Family Guy (1999 – 2002, 2005 – ) and Futurama (1999-2003, 2008-).
- US Television networks increase programs aimed at twenty- and thirty-somethings. Some of the most popular are Roseanne (1988 – 1997), Seinfeld (1989 – 1998), Beverly Hills 90210 (1990 – 2000), Melrose Place (1992 – 1999), Friends (1994 – 2004), Party of Five (1994 - 2000), and Ally McBeal (1997 – 2002).
- Television shows involving human interaction with dangerous wildlife become popular. Most notably shows like The Crocodile Hunter, a popular series starring Steve Irwin, which began airing in 1996. The Crocodile Hunter, and other similar shows (many of which involved Steve Irwin) remained popular into the 2000s.
- Notable American television sitcoms aimed at the teen/preteen market include Full House (1987 – 1995), The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1990 - 1996), Family Matters (1989 – 1998), Blossom (1991 – 1995), Boy Meets World (1993 – 2000), and 3rd Rock from the Sun (1996 – 2001), Smart Guy (1997 – 1999), Sister, Sister (1994 – 1999), Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (1996 - 2003) among others. Many of these were concentrated on ABC's Friday night block TGiF.
- The sci – fi/fantasy TV genre saw three successful Star Trek spinoffs: The Next Generation (1987 – 1994), Deep Space Nine (1993 – 1999), and Voyager (1995 – 2001). It also featured other massively popular shows, such as The X-Files (1993 – 2002); Babylon 5(1993 – 1998); Stargate SG-1 (1997 – 2007); Sliders (1995 – 2000); Hercules: The Legendary Journeys (1993 – 1999); and Xena: Warrior Princess (1995 – 2001), the spinoff of Hercules that went on to drastically dwarf its predecessor in popularity, notoriety, controversy, and overall viewership. Another notable series in the fantasy genre was Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997 – 2003) which never had very high ratings but quickly received a cult following as well critical acclaim. It inspired many other series with the superhero/struggle of real life theme, such as Charmed (1998 – 2006) and Buffy's spin-off Angel (1999 – 2004).
- The Disney Channel changes from classic Disney programming to live action programming starting in the late 1990s, especially around the year 1998. No longer a pay-subscription channel in 1996, the channel expanded their young audience on basic cable. See Zoog Disney. By 1999, the "MTV-esque" Zoog Disney along with Playhouse Disney was the main focus of the Disney Channel, causing classic Disney shorts and shows such as the Nutty Professor to experience backlash.
- Cartoon Network starts showing more original programming in a form of Cartoon Cartoons that almost changed the face of the network by 1999.
- On May 22, 1992, after 30 years, Johnny Carson retired as host of the Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson on NBC, with Jay Leno taking over as host on May 25. The choice of Leno over Late Night host and Carson protege David Letterman is instrumental in Letterman signing a deal with CBS in January 1993. Letterman aired his final NBC show on June 25, 1993 and the Late Show with David Letterman premiered on August 30, 1993.
- The highest-rated shows on network television:
  - 1989 – 1990: The Cosby Show and Roseanne
  - 1990 – 1991: Cheers
  - 1991 – 1992: 60 Minutes
  - 1992 – 1993: 60 Minutes
  - 1993 – 1994: 60 Minutes
  - 1994 – 1995: Seinfeld
  - 1995 – 1996: ER
  - 1996 – 1997: ER
  - 1997 – 1998: Seinfeld
  - 1998 – 1999: ER
  - 1999 – 2000: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire
United Kingdom
- UK television — Popular comedies include Keeping Up Appearances, Absolutely Fabulous, The Fast Show, Jeeves and Wooster, One Foot in the Grave, Only Fools and Horses, Men Behaving Badly, Red Dwarf, Spaced, Royle Family, Mr. Bean and Father Ted amongst many others. ITV has a string of successful crime dramas including Cadfael, Prime Suspect, Inspector Morse and Cracker.
- High rated programmes this decade include the launch of the National Lottery in 1994, the Panorama interview with Diana, Princess of Wales in 1995, and her funeral two years later,
- The 'docusoap' genre is popular in the late 1990s, with shows like Airport making celebrities out of the people in them.
- BSkyB obtain the rights to the English FA Premier League in 1992, producing high revenues for the league and becoming the bedrock of the subscription television service, holding a monopoly on the rights until 2007.
- British public service television channel Channel 4 is granted independence from the Independent Broadcasting Authority, and begins showing US programmes such as Friends and ER in peak viewing time.
- Channel 5 is launched in 1997 and becomes the country's fifth and final terrestrial channel.
- Satellite and cable television becomes widespread, characterised by the battle and eventual merger of British Satellite Broadcasting and Sky Television at the start of the decade, and the launch of digital television in 1998. Satellite channels rise from a handful in 1990 to almost a hundred by 1999.
- Prize limits on gameshows are lifted in 1993, leading to shows with much bigger prizes, especially the launch of Who Wants to be a Millionaire in 1998, soon launched around the world. Channel 4's TFI Friday becomes the first programme to give away a million pounds to a contestant at the end of 1999.
Europe

In Europe, new private channels in Germany: RTL, SAT1, Pro7, VOX, VIVA, France: Canal Plus and Portugal: SIC, TVI. Eastern European television enjoys less government restrictions and carries more American programming.

Middle East

Al Jazeera begins broadcasting in 1996, subsidised by a grant from the emir of Qatar and expanded their programming range across the Arabic-speaking world.

[edit] Internet

Beginnings of MP3 music downloading; in 1999 and 2000 the Napster controversy.
The Internet begins to affect pop culture, beginning around 1996.
Most television stations establish an Internet presence during the later half of the decade.
Earliest examples of Internet film.
Bulletin Board System interest decreases heavily with introduction of the Web.
Pornography on the Internet launches and grows rapidly (one of the few industries to experience growth during the dot.com bust of 2000)
A concept of online social ettiquette, "Netiquette" begins to form in 1995.
Online chat debuts in the mid 1990s, along with social networking and teen community sites such as Classmates.com and Xanga in the late 1990s.

[edit] International Issues

Politically, the 1990s was an era of spreading democracy. The former countries of the Warsaw Pact moved from totalitarian regimes to democratically-elected governments. The same happened in other non-communist countries, such as Taiwan, Chile, South Africa, and Indonesia. Capitalism made great changes to the economies of communist countries like China and Vietnam, and even Cuba.

The improvement in relations between the countries of NATO and the former members of the Warsaw Pact ended the Cold War both in Europe and other parts of the world. In 1993, the Prime Minister of Israel, Yitzhak Rabin, and PLO leader Yasser Arafat shook hands in agreement for peace, at the conclusion of peace talks sponsored by US president Bill Clinton. The outcome of these talks, known as the Oslo Accords, was an agreement by Israel to allow Palestinian self-government.

Conflicts like the Balkan Wars, the Rwandan genocide, the Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia and the first Gulf War, as well as the continuation of terrorism, led some to hypothesize a Clash of Civilizations, but the decade was also a time of peace in terror-ridden Northern Ireland when the IRA agreed to a truce in 1994. This marked the beginning of the end of 25 years of violence between the two sectarian groups, Protestant and Catholic, and the start of political negotiations.

[edit] In Africa

Rwandan genocide

End of apartheid in South Africa (1994) and election of ANC government of Nelson Mandela.
Eritrea gains independence from Ethiopia (1993).
Military actions in Somalia in 1993 lead to questions of the United States' role as a police officer of the world. (See also Battle of Mogadishu).
Rwandan genocide kills one million people, in 1994.
The Second Congo War started in 1998 in central Africa and includes 5 different cultures and 7 different nations. It goes on until 2002.

[edit] In Asia

In Japan, after three decades of economic growth put them in second place in the world's economies, the situation worsened after 1993. The recession went on into the early 2000s, bringing an end to the seemingly unlimited prosperity that the country had hitherto enjoyed. However, the rise of free market economics in China under more socialist regulation had not slowed that country's economic prosperity in the 1990s, and its economic growth continues.
Less affluent nations such as India, Malaysia and Vietnam also saw tremendous improvements in economic prosperity and quality of life during the 1990s. Optimism and hopes were high following the collapse of Communism, and restructuring following the end of the Cold War was beginning. However, there was also the continuation of terrorism in Third World regions that were once the "frontlines" for American and Soviet foreign politics, particularly in Asia.
South-East Asia economic crisis starting from 1997.
The Spratly islands issue became one of the most controversial in Southeast Asia.
The Tibetan Freedom Concert brings 120,000 people together in the interest of increased human rights and autonomy for Tibet from China.
Portugal hands sovereignty of Macau to the People's Republic of China on December 20, 1999.
East Timor breaks away from Indonesian control in 1999, merely a year after the fall of Soeharto from power, ending a twenty-four year guerrilla war with more than 200,000 casualties. The UN deploys a peace keeping force, spearheaded by the Australian and New Zealand armed forces. America deploys US police officers to serve with the International Police element, to help train and equip an East Timorese police force.
Great Britain hands sovereignty of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China on July 1, 1997.
In May 1999, Pakistan sends troops covertly to occupy strategic peaks in Kashmir. A month later the Kargil War with India results in a political fiasco for Nawaz Sharif, followed by a military withdrawal to the Line of Control. The incident leads to a military coup in October in which the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif is ousted by Army Chief Pervez Musharraf.

[edit] In Canada

Quebec, in a rekindled wave of separatism by French-Canadian activists, almost seceded from the dominion in a provincial referendum on October 30, 1995.

[edit] In Europe

Germany reunified on 3 October 1990 and, after integrating the economic structure and provincial governments, focused on modernization of the former communist East. People who were brought up in a communist culture became integrated with those living in democratic western Germany.
On December 8, 1991, the presidents of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords which declared the Soviet Union dissolved and established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), in its place.
The European Community becomes the European Union on January 1, 1993.
The birth of the "Second Republic" in Italy, with the Mani Pulite investigations of 1994.
Civil Unions for gay partners legalized in some European countries (Denmark, Netherlands, Norway and Sweden).
A decade of women presidents in the Republic of Ireland.

[edit] In Eastern Europe

Break up of the Soviet Union in 1991 — the end of the Cold War, United States becomes sole world superpower. The Cold War was officially declared over on December 31, 1992.
Dissolution of Czechoslovakia into Czech Republic and Slovakia (1993).
Balkan war in former Yugoslavia in 1995.
Kosovo war begins in late1998. Roughly 12,000 people are killed during open hostilities between Serbian military forces and ethnic Albanian forces. The UN sends in peace keeping forces after NATO military actions result in a Serbian military withdrawal by early 1999. The US deploys American police officers to serve with the United Nations to help build a Kosovo police force.
The First Chechen War war 1994 – 1996; Second Chechen War started in 1999, and is ongoing.

[edit] In Latin America

^{This section requires expansion.}

[edit] In the Middle East

Persian Gulf War (resulting from Iraq's invasion of Kuwait) and United Nations embargo on Iraq in 1991.
North Yemen and South Yemen merge to form Yemen (1991).
Israeli Prime Minister Itzhak Rabin and Palestinian Prime Minister Yasser Arafat agree to the Peace Process at the culmination of the Oslo Accords, negotiated by the United States President Bill Clinton on September 13, 1993.
In 1994, a peace treaty is signed between Israel and Jordan.

[edit] In the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom, after a recession in 1991 – 92 and its withdrawal from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism on Black Wednesday, experienced sustained economic growth that stretched into the new millennium.
In the UK in 1994, Tony Blair becomes leader of the British Labour Party and begins the "New Labour" project moving the party to the centre of British politics, which in 1997 ends 18 years of government by the Conservative party in a landslide election victory.
Peace process begins in Northern Ireland in 1995.

[edit] In the United States

In the United States, Bill Clinton was president for much of the decade. Under Clinton, the United States was involved in few foreign wars and saw a resurgence of liberal movements. However, the end of the Cold War dramatically changed the political landscape of the world as the long-standing "Communism vs. Capitalism" conflict essentially came to an end. One result of this was the establishment of political allegiances between many developing countries, and concurrent changes within their own governments. Great strides were made towards Israeli-Palestinian peace in the early part of the decade, due to official PLO recognition of Israel in 1993. However, later in the decade, the peace process became derailed and eventually the conflict escalated once again, especially in the 2000s. Al Qaeda became visible as a terrorist threat against the U.S. after the bombing of the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998.

The bombing of the World Trade Center in U.S. (1993) by an explosive-filled van leads to awareness in U.S. of international terrorism as a rising threat.
U.S. Congressman Newt Gingrich crafts his manifesto "Contract with America", leading his Republican Party to become the controlling majority in the U.S. House of Representatives.
U.S. president Bill Clinton's sex scandal with Monica Lewinsky and his impeachment trial in 1998, which lasts the entire year.

[edit] Significant events

The Waco massacre prompted a nationwide debate in the U.S. about the freedom of association right of the Michigan Militia, Montana Militia and other radical groups.
The Oklahoma City Bombing, the bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, killed 168. Bombing suspect Timothy McVeigh claimed he bombed the building in retaliation for the 1993 Waco massacre.
In France, Princess Diana dies in a car accident in 1997. Debates of accident vs. assassination rage well into the 2000s.
The European Union forms in 1992 under the Maastricht Treaty.
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was elected President of South Africa in 1994, becoming the first black-President in South African history.
The 1992 Los Angeles riots occurred, with 52 deaths and 5,500 property fires in a 100-square mile riot zone. The riots were a result of the state court acquittal of three White and one Hispanic L.A. police officers by an all-white jury in a police brutality case involving motorist Rodney King, but in 1993, all four officers were convicted in a federal civil rights case.
The Omagh bombing in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland which kills 29 civilians and injures hundreds more.
O.J. Simpson's trial, described in the media as the "trial of the century", but on October 3, 1995, Simpson was found "not guilty" of double-murder of ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend, Ronald Goldman. In the 1997 civil case, Simpson was held responsible and had to pay financial damages to the victims' families.
The Channel Tunnel across the English Channel opens in 1994, connecting France and England. As of 2007 it is the second-longest rail tunnel in the world, but with the undersea section of 37.9 km (23.55 miles) being the longest undersea tunnel in the world.
1994 midterm election: The Republican Party took control of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate for the first time in 40 years. House Speaker Newt Gingrich assumes the role of antagonist to the Clinton Administration.
US president Bill Clinton was caught in a media-frenzied sex scandal over his intern Monica Lewinsky, first announced on January 21, 1998. After the U.S. House of Representatives impeached Clinton on December 19, 1998 for perjury under oath, following an investigation by federal prosecutor Kenneth Starr, the Senate acquitted Clinton of the charges on February 12, 1999 and he finished his second term.
The Columbine school shooting occurred on April 20, 1999, at Littleton, Colorado when two student gunmen took the Columbine high school library hostage and killed 12 students, a teacher and the two committed suicide, making it the deadliest high school shooting in United States history.
The Anita Hill vs. Clarence Thomas federal case of October 10 – October 12, 1991, involved claims by Hill that Thomas committed sexual harassment against her. Thomas was not charged, but Hill became a national celebrity and a martyr to women's rights, triggering awareness on the issue of workplace sexual harassment. Thomas went on to become an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
In the United Kingdom, the first cloned mammal, Dolly the sheep was confirmed by the Roslin Institute, and was reported by global media on February 26, 1997. Dolly would trigger a raging controversy on cloning and bioethical concerns regarding possible human cloning continue to this day.
Y2K spread fear throughout the United States and eventually the world in the last half of the decade particularly 1999. Many feared that it would cause the world to end on new years day on January 1, 2000 due to a massive computer crash. It became huge in popular culture and many people stocked up on supplies for fear of a disaster. One year later, January 1, 2001 was the beginning of the 3rd millennium, as well the 21st century and the official end of the 20th century.
A magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit the Philippines on July 16, 1990 and killed around 1000 people in Baguio City.

[edit] Other significant events

The Flame of Liberty, which sits above the entrance to the Paris tunnel in which Princess Diana died in 1997, as global mourning accompanied the event.

The illegal immigration issue in the US gains momentum in 1994, when California voters approved Proposition 187, a controversial initiative that would prevent undocumented immigrants from using public services, later was blocked by federal courts.
Gun politics in the US over the 1993 Brady Bill had banned or regulated most kinds of automatic weapons and semi-automatic weapons. The law called for a 5-day waiting period for potential gun-owners to be checked for past crimes before they can purchase a firearm.
You go, girl! becomes a popular phrase in the media as feminism is more widely accepted and publicized with The Spice Girls, the WNBA, women's boxing, girl power, Sex and the City and others showcasing modern femininity and challenged the problem of sexism.
With help from clinical fertility drugs, an Iowa mother, Bobbie McCaughey, gave birth to the first surviving septuplets in 1997. There followed a media frenzy and widespread support for the family.
In August 1995, NASA scientists announced, then debunked a big "discovery" of "martian" microscopic life on an asteroid originated from Mars, found in Antarctica and examined to only find mineral formation, not alien bacteria.
Kenny Everett dies shortly after confirming that he has AIDS.
Freddie Mercury, Kurt Cobain and Tupac Shakur become the decade's most publicized deaths, in 1991, 1994 and 1996 respectively.
Divorce and scandal rocked the British Royal House of Windsor.
The murder of Selena Quintanilla, Tejano superstar from Texas.
Sex and violence in the media increase, especially in the late part of the decade. Profanity in music reaches peak in the late1990s.
Models Pamela Anderson, Sylvia Saint and Anna Nicole Smith become major sex symbols during the 1990s.
Cindy Crawford becomes the most successful supermodel of the decade.
The movie Titanic becomes a cultural phenomenon throughout the world and eventually becomes the biggest grossing movie of all time making almost 2 billion dollars world wide in a span of little over a year.
Major League baseball players went on strike in August 12, 1994, thus ended the season, canceled the World Series the first time in 90 years, and went on until March 29, 1995 when players and team owners in agreement.
The Vieques controversy.
Crime levels in the U.S. peak in 1991, begin to fall afterwards, reaching the lowest levels since the late1960s by end of decade.
In the U.S. drug use reaches an all-time low in 1992 before increasing, reaching its peak in 1997 before declining again.
Examples of the decade's worst natural disasters: Hurricane Andrew strikes South Florida in August 1992, the devastating 1994 Northridge Earthquake in Los Angeles, the March Superstorm of 1993 and the Blizzard of 96 in the eastern U.S. which crippled the east coast with up to four feet of snow and the megalopolis with up to 30 inches.
People are evacuated from the volcanic Caribbean island of Montserrat, a British overseas territory. The Soufirre Hills erupt in 1995 and continued on until 2002.
Mount Pinatubo, a dormant volcano in the island of Luzon in the Philippines erupted in 1991 to decimate nearby towns and an American air force base permanently abandoned by hot ash fall and under mudslides.
Mother Teresa, the Roman Catholic nun who won the Nobel Peace Prize, dies at age 87.
21-year-old Golfer Tiger Woods wins the Masters Tournament by a record 12 strokes; becoming both the youngest and the first American of multiracial descent to win the Masters.
The Olympic Park Bombing on July 27, 1996 at that year's Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia which kills 2 and injures 111.
School violence in the US is brought into the national spotlight with numerous incidents, such as the Columbine High School massacre.
John F. Kennedy, Jr., his wife Carolyn Bessette and sister-in-law Lauren Bessette are killed when Kennedy's private plane crashes off the coast of Martha's Vineyard.
American cyclist Lance Armstrong wins his first Tour de France in 1999, less than two years after battling testicular cancer.
Debate on assisted suicide highly publicized by Michigan doctor Jack Kevorkian, charged with multiple counts of homicide of his terminally ill patients through the decade.
Seinfeld becomes highly popular.
Beer keg registration becomes popular public policy in U.S.
California voters passed Proposition 215 in 1996, to legalize cannabis only for medical purposes, the debate over legalization of marijuana in the U.S. goes on today.
The Rachel, Jennifer Aniston's hairstyle on the hit show Friends, becomes a cultural phenomenon with millions of women copying it worldwide.
Controversy surrounded The Prodigy with the release of the track 'Smack My Bitch Up'. The National organization for Women(NOW) claimed that the track was "advocating violence against women" due to the lyrics of that song. The music video (directed by Jonas Åkerlund) featured a first-person POV of someone going clubbing, indulging in large amounts of drugs and alcohol, getting into fist fights with men, abusing women and picking up a prostitute. At the end of the video the camera pans over to a mirror, revealing the subject to be a woman.
The model 1300 Wonderbra style has a resurgence of popularity in Europe in 1992 which kicks off a multinational media sensation, the 1994 re-introduction of "The Wonderbra" brand, and a spike in push-up, plunge bras around the world.

[edit] People

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