Richard Brinsley Sheridan
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Richard Brinsley Sheridan (October 30, 1751 – July 7, 1816) was an Irish playwright and Whig statesman.
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[edit] Early life
R.B. Sheridan was born in Dublin on October 30, 1751 at 12 Dorset Street, a fashionable street in the late eighteenth century. (Fellow playwright Sean O'Casey was born in Dorset Street 130 years later.) He was baptized on November 4, 1751, his father Thomas Sheridan being an actor-manager who managed the Theatre Royal, Dublin for a time, and his mother, Frances Sheridan, a writer (most famous for her novel The Memoirs of Sidney Biddulph). She died when her son was fifteen. The Sheridans' eldest child, Thomas, died in 1750, the year when their second son, Charles Francis (d. 1806), was born. He later carried on an affair with Henrietta Spencer, Countess of Bessborough.
[edit] Works
- The Rivals (first acted 17 January 1775)
- St Patrick's Day (first acted 2 May 1775)
- The Duenna (first acted 21 November 1775)
- A Trip to Scarborough (first acted 24 February 1777)
- The School for Scandal (first acted 8 May 1777)
- The Camp (first acted 15 October 1778)
- The Critic (first acted 30 October 1779)
- The Glorious First of June (first acted 2 July 1794)
- Pizarro (first acted 24 May 1799)
He also wrote a selection of poems, and political speeches for his time in parliament.
[edit] Family and career
Richard was educated at Harrow School, and was to study law. However, his highly romantic elopement with Elizabeth Linley (1754-1792; daughter of Thomas Linley), and their subsequent marriage on 13 April 1773 at St Marylebone Parish Church, put paid to such hopes; they had a son, Thomas (1775-1817).
Richard's second marriage was to Esther Jane Ogle; they also had a son, Charles Brinsley Sheridan (died 1843).
When Richard returned to London, he began writing for the stage. His first play, The Rivals, produced at Covent Garden in 1775, was a failure on its first night. Sheridan cast a more capable actor for the role of the comic Irishman for its second performance, and it was a smash which immediately established the young playwright's reputation. It has gone on to become a standard of English literature.
Having quickly made his name and fortune, Sheridan bought a share in Drury Lane. His most famous play The School for Scandal (1777) is considered one of the greatest comedies of manners in English. It was followed by The Critic (1779), an updating of the satirical Restoration play The Rehearsal, which received a memorable revival (performed with Oedipus in a single evening) starring Laurence Olivier at the Old Vic Theatre in 1946. Sheridan was plagued by writer's block and managed only a limited output during his lifetime.
He was the grandfather of society beauty and author Caroline Norton, and the great-grandfather of Lord Dufferin, third Governor General of Canada and eighth Viceroy of India. The famous ghost story writer Sheridan le Fanu was his great-nephew.
[edit] Politics
Sheridan was also a Whig politician, entering parliament in 1780 under the sponsorship of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. A great public speaker, he remained in parliament until 1812, and was a leading figure in the party.
He held the posts of Receiver-General of the Duchy of Cornwall (1804–1807) and Treasurer of the Navy (1806–1807).
In December 1815 he became ill, largely confined to bed. Sheridan died in poverty, and was buried in the Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey; his funeral was attended by dukes, earls, lords, viscounts, the Lord Mayor of London, and other notables.
[edit] References
- Lee, Sidney. "Sheridan, Richard Brinsley" Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. LII, London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1897. (pp. 78-85) Retrieved March 2, 2008
- Richard Brinsley Sheridan Retrieved March 2, 2008
[edit] External links
- Works by Richard Brinsley Sheridan at Project Gutenberg
- Full text of Thomas Moore's Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honorable Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Vol. 1, Vol. 2
- Portraits of Richard Brinsley Sheridan at the National Portrait Gallery, London
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by George Canning |
Treasurer of the Navy 1806–1807 |
Succeeded by George Rose |
| Parliament of Great Britain | ||
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
| Preceded by Richard Whitworth |
Member of Parliament for Stafford 1780–1806 |
Succeeded by Richard Mansel-Philipps |
| Preceded by Earl Percy |
Member of Parliament for Westminster 1806–1807 |
Succeeded by Lord Cochrane |
| Preceded by Sir William Manners |
Member of Parliament for Ilchester 1807–1812 |
Succeeded by Lord Ward |
