Judeo-Moroccan
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| Judeo-Moroccan Arabic | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Israel, Morocco | |
| Total speakers: | 258,925 | |
| Language family: | Afro-Asiatic Semitic West Semitic Central Semitic South Central Semitic Arabic Judeo-Moroccan Arabic |
|
| Writing system: | Hebrew alphabet | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | – | |
| ISO 639-3: | aju | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Judeo-Moroccan Arabic is a variety of Arabic spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Morocco. 99% of all speakers now live in Israel. Speakers in Morocco are older adults.[1]
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[edit] History and Composition
[edit] Historically
Widely used in the Jewish community during its long history there, the Moroccan dialect of Judeo-Arabic has many influences from languages other than Arabic, including Spanish (due to the close proximity of Spain), Haketia or Moroccan Judeo-Spanish, due to the influx of Sephardic refugees from Spain after the 1492 expulsion, and French (due to the period in which Morocco was colonized by France), and, of course, the inclusion of many Hebrew loanwords and phrases (a feature of all Jewish languages). The dialect has considerable mutual intelligibility with Judeo-Tunisian Arabic, and some with Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic, but almost none with Judeo-Iraqi Arabic.
[edit] Today
The vast majority of Morocco's 265,000 Jews emigrated to Israel after 1948, with significant emigration to Europe (mainly France) and North America as well. Although more than 8,000 Jews remain in Morocco today, most of the younger generations speak French as their first language,[citation needed] rather than Arabic, and their Arabic is more akin to Moroccan Arabic than to Judeo-Arabic. There are estimated to be 8,925 speakers in Morocco, mostly Casablanca and Fes, and 250,000 in Israel (where speakers reported bilingualism with Hebrew). Most speakers, in both countries, are elderly. There is a Judeo-Arabic radio program on Israeli radio.
[edit] Daily phrases in Judeo-Moroccan
Hello: שלמה šlāma / שלמה עליכ šlāma ʿlik
Goodbye: בשלמה bšlāma / בשלמה עליכ bšlāma ʿlik
Thanks: מרסי mersi
Yes: ייוה ēywa
No: לא lā
How are you?: אשכברכ? āš iḫbark?
Fine, thank you: לבש, מרסי lābaš, mersi
Fine / No problems: lābaš
[edit] Notes
- ^ Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
[edit] References
- Jewish Language Research Website: Judeo-Arabic
- Ethnologue entry for Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
- Heath, Jeffrey, Jewish and Muslim dialects of Moroccan Arabic (Routledge Curzon Arabic linguistics series): London, New York, 2002.
[edit] External links
- Reka Israeli radio network offering a daily fifteen-minute program in Judeo-Arabic (Arbiya l'Mugrabiya) with internet broadcast
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