Popular Front (Chile)

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The Popular Front in Chile was an electoral and political left-wings' coalition from 1937 to February 1941, during the Presidential Republic Era (1924-1973). It gathered together the Radical Party, the Socialist Party, the Communist Party, the Democratic Party and the Radical Socialist Party, as well as organizations such as the Confederación de Trabajadores de Chile (CTCH) trade-union, the Mapuche movement which unified itself in the Frente Único Araucano, and the feminist Movimiento Pro-Emancipación de las Mujeres de Chile (MEMCh).

1 Formation of the Popular Front
2 Government of the Popular Front
- 2.1 Composition
3 References
4 See also

[edit] Formation of the Popular Front

Since 1935, the Communist Party was advocating a Popular Front strategy, in agreement with the Komintern's directions and in hope of succeeding in winning the elections as in Spain and France. In this aim, the Communist Party toned down its revolutionary discourse, advocating compromise with the "bourgeois" democracy and industrial development of the country. On the other hand, the Socialist Party remained sceptic towards such an alliance, and entered the Popular Front only when the electoral victory of the right-wing candidate, Gustavo Ross, seemed unescapable ^[1].

The Popular Front presented as common candidate for the 1938 presidential election the Radical Pedro Aguirre Cerda, who narrowly defeated the right-wing candidate. Following Cerda's death in 1946, the left-wings' coalition was continued into the Democratic Alliance which united the same parties for the 1942 presidential election.

The presidential candidate for 1938 was designed during the Convención Presidencial de Izquierdas (Left-Wings' Presidential Convention) on 15-17 April, 1938 in the National Congress. 400 delegates of the Radical parties, 330 Socialists, 120 Communists, 120 members of the Democratic Party and 60 of the CTCH trade-union attended the convention. initially, none of the proposed candidates obtained the required majority of 684 voices on 1,030.

On the two first days, Aguirre Cerda won 520 votes (Radicals and Democrats), Marmaduque Grove 360 (Socialists and parts of the CTCH) and Elías Lafferte 150 (Communists and parts of the CTCH). In the same time, the Extraordinary General Congress of the Socialist Party was being held, during which it was decided to withdraw Marmaduqe Grove's candidacy and to support Aguirre Cerda.

[edit] Government of the Popular Front

The Popular Front created the CORFO after the 1939 earthquake, which launched public works, etc. Pedro Aguirre Cerda also nominated Pablo Neruda Special Consul in Paris for immigration, and the latter organized the journey of the Winnipeg, which brought to Chile 2,200 Spanish Republican refugees. The Popular Front also concretized its education program by building 1,000 primary schools and creating 3,000 offices for teachers ^[2].

The Popular Front was supported by artists such as Neruda, Gabriela Mistral or the Surrealist collective La Mandrágora, created in 1938 by Teófilo Cid, Enrique Gómez-Correa and Braulio Arenas ^[2].