List of basic chemistry topics

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For a more comprehensive list, see the List of chemistry topics.

Chemistry is the science of matter at the atomic to molecular scale, dealing primarily with collections of atoms, such as molecules, crystals, and metals. Chemistry deals with the composition and statistical properties of such structures, as well as their transformations and interactions to become materials encountered in everyday life. Chemistry also deals with understanding the properties and interactions of individual atoms with the purpose of applying that knowledge at the macroscopic level. According to modern chemistry, the physical properties of materials are generally determined by their structure at the atomic scale, which is itself defined by interatomic forces.

The following list of topics is provided as an overview of and introduction to chemistry:

Contents 1 Essence of chemistry 2 Branches of chemistry 3 History of chemistry 4 Basic chemistry concepts 4.1 Standard periodic table of the chemical elements 4.2 Concepts, by subject area 4.3 Concepts by branch of chemistry 5 Some famous chemists 6 Chemistry lists 7 See also 8 External links

[edit] Essence of chemistry

Main article: Chemistry

• Chemical compound
• Chemical formula
• Chemical reaction
• Chemical substance

[edit] Branches of chemistry

Analytical chemistry Electrochemistry Spectroscopy Inorganic chemistry Solid state chemistry Organic chemistry Stereochemistry

Physical chemistry Kinetics Thermochemistry Computational chemistry Quantum chemistry Biochemistry

[edit] History of chemistry

Main article: History of chemistry

• 1661 - The Sceptical Chymist, by Robert Boyle. Chemistry is born, by being defined distinct from alchemy.

[edit] Basic chemistry concepts

[edit] Standard periodic table of the chemical elements

Group →	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
↓ Period
1	1 H																	2 He
2	3 Li	4 Be											5 B	6 C	7 N	8 O	9 F	10 Ne
3	11 Na	12 Mg											13 Al	14 Si	15 P	16 S	17 Cl	18 Ar
4	19 K	20 Ca	21 Sc	22 Ti	23 V	24 Cr	25 Mn	26 Fe	27 Co	28 Ni	29 Cu	30 Zn	31 Ga	32 Ge	33 As	34 Se	35 Br	36 Kr
5	37 Rb	38 Sr	39 Y	40 Zr	41 Nb	42 Mo	43 Tc	44 Ru	45 Rh	46 Pd	47 Ag	48 Cd	49 In	50 Sn	51 Sb	52 Te	53 I	54 Xe
6	55 Cs	56 Ba	*	72 Hf	73 Ta	74 W	75 Re	76 Os	77 Ir	78 Pt	79 Au	80 Hg	81 Tl	82 Pb	83 Bi	84 Po	85 At	86 Rn
7	87 Fr	88 Ra	**	104 Rf	105 Db	106 Sg	107 Bh	108 Hs	109 Mt	110 Ds	111 Rg	112 Uub	113 Uut	114 Uuq	115 Uup	116 Uuh	117 Uus	118 Uuo
* Lanthanides				57 La	58 Ce	59 Pr	60 Nd	61 Pm	62 Sm	63 Eu	64 Gd	65 Tb	66 Dy	67 Ho	68 Er	69 Tm	70 Yb	71 Lu
** Actinides				89 Ac	90 Th	91 Pa	92 U	93 Np	94 Pu	95 Am	96 Cm	97 Bk	98 Cf	99 Es	100 Fm	101 Md	102 No	103 Lr

This common arrangement of the periodic table separates the lanthanides and actinides from other elements. The Wide Periodic Table incorporates the f-block; the Extended Periodic Table incorporates the f-block and adds the theoretical g-block.

Element categories in the periodic table Metals Metalloids Nonmetals Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Inner transition elements Transition elements Other metals Other nonmetals Halogens Noble gases Lanthanides Actinides
Atomic number colors show state at standard temperature and pressure (0 °C and 1 atm) Solids Liquids Gases	Borders show natural occurrence Primordial From decay Synthetic Undiscovered

[edit] Concepts, by subject area

• Apparatus : Bunsen burner -- Calorimeter -- Colorimeter -- Burette -- Thermometer
• Atomic structure : Atom -- Ion -- Electron -- Proton -- Neutron -- Atomic orbital -- Molecular orbital -- Chemical element -- Valence -- Atomic nucleus -- Isotope
• Bonding : Chemical bond -- Ionic bond -- Covalent bond -- Metallic bond -- Hydrogen bond -- Intermolecular force -- Dipole
• Chemical reaction -- Chemical formula -- Structural formula -- Mole -- Stoichiometry -- Chemical nomenclature -- Chemical equilibrium -- Reversible reaction -- Electrophile -- Nucleophile -- Redox
• Chemical techniques : Titration -- Distillation -- Chromatography -- Reflux -- Buffer solution -- Filtration -- Hydrolysis -- Condensation reaction
• Important Chemical substances: Matter -- Water -- Ammonia -- Benzene -- Phenol
• Mixtures and Solutions: Concentration -- Vapour pressure -- Raoult's law -- Partial pressure -- solvation
• Periodic table : Periodicity -- Group 1 elements -- Group 2 elements -- Transition metal -- Group 5 elements -- Group 6 elements -- Halogen -- Noble gas -- s block -- d block -- p block -- f block
• Properties : pH -- electronegativity
• Structure : Gas -- Liquid -- Molecule -- Solid -- Isomer -- Allotropy -- Crystal -- Complex (chemistry) -- Ligand -- Chemical compound -- Stereochemistry

[edit] Concepts by branch of chemistry

• Analytical chemistry :
  • Electrochemistry : Electrochemical cell -- Oxidation -- Reduction -- Electrode potential -- Oxidation number -- Electrolysis -- Electrolytic cell -- Electrolyte -- Nernst equation
  • Spectroscopy : atomic absorption spectroscopy -- Auger electron spectroscopy -- electromagnetic spectroscopy -- fluorescence spectroscopy -- infrared spectroscopy -- mass spectrometer -- Mossbauer spectroscopy -- nuclear magnetic resonance -- neutron activation analysis -- Raman spectroscopy -- UV/Vis spectrophotometry -- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --
• Inorganic chemistry : Alkali -- Acid -- Base -- Metals -- Non metals -- Salt -- pH

• • Solid state chemistry
• Organic chemistry : Functional group -- Hydrocarbon -- Alkane -- Alkene -- Halogenoalkane - Alcohol -- Ether -- Aldehyde -- Ketone - Carboxylic acid -- Ester -- Alicyclic compound -- Amine -- Amide -- Amino acid -- Polymer -- Polymerization -- Organic nomenclature -- Arene -- Phenol -- Peptide
  • Stereochemistry : Optical isomerism -- Chirality
• Physical chemistry :
  • Kinetics: Catalyst -- Enzyme -- Arrhenius equation
  • Thermochemistry : Enthalpy -- Activation energy -- Entropy
  • Computational chemistry : Molecular modeling -- Molecular dynamics -- Molecular mechanics -- Quantum methods -- Combinatorial chemistry -- Cheminformatics -- Bioinformatics
  • Quantum chemistry : Slater determinant - Self-consistent field -- Hartree-Fock -- Moller-Plesset - Electron correlation - Semiempirical methods
• Biochemistry : Protein -- Carbohydrate -- Fat -- Nucleic Acid

[edit] Some famous chemists

For more chemists, see: Nobel Prize in Chemistry and List of chemists

Marie Curie John Dalton Humphry Davy Eleuthère Irénée du Pont George Eastman

Michael Faraday Dmitriy Mendeleyev Alfred Nobel Wilhelm Ostwald

Louis Pasteur Linus Pauling Joseph Priestley Karl Ziegler

[edit] Chemistry lists

Main article: List of chemistry topics

List of alkanes List of alloys List of biochemistry topics List of CAS numbers by chemical compound List of elements by atomic number

List of Extremely Hazardous Substances List of important publications in chemistry List of inorganic compounds Inorganic compounds by element List of organic compounds

List of purification methods in chemistry List of scientific journals in chemistry Solubility table Unsolved problems in chemistry

[edit] See also

• List of basic phyiscs topics

[edit] External links

Find more about Chemistry on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Dictionary definitions
	Textbooks
	Quotations
	Source texts
	Images and media
	News stories
	Learning resources

• International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
• IUPAC Nomenclature Home Page, see especially the "Gold Book" containing definitions of standard chemical terms
• Interactive Mind Map of Chemistry
• / Chemical energetics

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