Demographics of the United States

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The first U.S. census, in 1790, recorded four million Americans. By 2000, this number had grown to over 281 million, and is expected to reach 308 million by 2010.
The first U.S. census, in 1790, recorded four million Americans. By 2000, this number had grown to over 281 million, and is expected to reach 308 million by 2010.

The United States is an urbanized nation, with 80.6 percent of its population residing in cities and suburbs.[1] The mean population center of the United States has consistently shifted westward and southward, with California and Texas currently the most populous states. According to Californians for Population Stabilization, U.S. population growth is now the highest among developed countries.[2] Births, supplemented by immigration, help to offset the aging population. The total fertility rate in the United States estimated for 2007 is 2.09, which is roughly the replacement level for industrialized countries. The total U.S. population crossed the 100 million mark around 1915, the 200 million mark in 1967, and the 300 million mark in 2006 (on Tuesday, October 17).[3][4] The U.S. population more than tripled during the 20th century - a growth rate of about 1.3 percent a year - from about 76 million in 1900 to 281 million in 2000. This is unlike most European countries, especially Germany, Russia, Italy and Greece, whose populations are slowly declining, and whose fertility rates are below replacement.

U.S. population clock hits the 300 million mark
U.S. population clock hits the 300 million mark
United States population pyramid.
United States population pyramid.

According to U.S. Census Bureau's estimation for 2005, 45% of American children under the age of 5 are minorities.[5] In 2006, the nation’s minority population reached 100.7 million. A year before, the minority population totaled 98.3 million. Hispanics accounted for almost half (1.4 million) of the national population growth of 2.9 million between July 1, 2005, and July 1, 2006.[6] In thirty-five of the country's fifty largest cities, white people are or soon will be in the minority.[7]

Contents

[edit] Current U.S population

Based on a population clock maintained by the U.S. Census Bureau, the current U.S. population, as of 17:04 GMT (EST+5) April 01, 2008 is 303,755,274.[8] The US population is predicted to increase by one third by the year 2050. By current growth calculations, the US population should reach its first one billion inhabitants by the year 2295.

The United States has dozens of major cities, including 11 of the 55 global cities of all types—with three "alpha" global cities: New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago. The figures expressed below are for populations within city limits. A different ranking is evident when considering U.S. metro area populations, Census Bureau's 2005 estimates, are as follows. In historic areas that were settled very early, e.g., New Haven, etc., the boundaries were set in the 1700s and therefore the populations appear small even though, in actuality, the cities are very large.

US adult population (people over 21 years old) is approximately 70 % of the total population. For more details see the "American Fact Finder" at the Census site. [1]

Rank City Population
within
city limits
Population
Density
per sq km
Population
Density
per sq mi
Metropolitan
Area
Region
millions rank
1 New York City, New York 8,143,197 10,194.2 26,402.9 18.7 1 Northeast
2 Los Angeles, California 4,324,526 3,041.2 7,876.8 12.9 2 West
3 Chicago, Illinois 3,158,790 4,922.9 12,750.3 9.4 3 Midwest
4 Houston, Texas 2,016,582 1,301.8 3,371.7 5.2 7 South
5 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1,463,281 4,337.3 11,233.6 5.8 5 Northeast
6 Phoenix, Arizona 1,461,575 1,074.1 2,782.0 3.7 14 West
7 San Antonio, Texas 1,256,509 1,084.4 2,808.5 1.8 29 South
8 San Diego, California 1,255,540 1,456.3 3,771.9 2.9 17 West
9 Dallas, Texas 1,213,825 1,339.7 3,469.9 6.3 4 South
10 San Jose, California 953,679 2,003.1 5,188.1 1.7* 30* West
  • All metropolitan area population figures and ranks are based on the United States Census Bureau's definition of "Metropolitan Statistical Areas." However, common practice is to combine the San Jose Metropolitan Area with that of San Francisco and Oakland (i.e., the Combined Statistical Area) whose population is 7.1 million. This would affect the populations of the other metropolitan areas as well.
See also: United States metropolitan area and List of United States cities by population

[edit] Population density

2000 U.S. population density in persons per sq. mile (lower 48 states only): Light to dark (yellow to blue): 1-4 (y), 5-9 (lt. green), 10-24 (teal), 25-49 (dk. teal), 50-99 (blue-green), 100-249 (blue), 250-66,995 (black).
2000 U.S. population density in persons per sq. mile (lower 48 states only): Light to dark (yellow to blue): 1-4 (y), 5-9 (lt. green), 10-24 (teal), 25-49 (dk. teal), 50-99 (blue-green), 100-249 (blue), 250-66,995 (black).
Population density for selected U.S. cities
City name Density
Union City, New Jersey 20,454/km² 52,978/mi²
West New York, New Jersey 17,124/km² 44,352/mi²
Hoboken, New Jersey 11,675/km² 30,239/mi²
New York, New York 10,173/km² 26,348/mi² Manhattan (25,550/km² or 66,173/mi²)
Somerville, Massachusetts 7,194/km² 18,633/mi² [2] [3]
Paterson, New Jersey 6,826.4/km² 17,675.4/mi²
San Francisco, California 6,349/km² 16,443/mi²
Chelsea, Massachusetts 6,211/km² 16,086/mi²
Jersey City, New Jersey 6,120/km² 15,852/mi²
Central Falls, Rhode Island 5,973/km² 15,471/mi² [4]
Chicago, Illinois 4,866/km² 12,603/mi² Edgewater (13,800/km² or 35,743/mi²)
Miami Beach, Florida 4,830/km² 12,502/mi²
Santa Ana, California 4,751/km² 12,306/mi²
Boston, Massachusetts 4,697/km² 12,166/mi² Back Bay/Beacon Hill (11,463/km² or 29,690/mi²)
Hialeah, Florida 4,544/km² 11,768/mi²
Hamtramck, Michigan 4,537/km² 11,750/mi²
Newark, New Jersey 4,459/km² 11,548/mi²
Miami, Florida 4,407/km² 11,534/mi²
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 4,190/km² 10,852/mi²
Yonkers, New York 4,162/km² 10,780/mi²
Washington, District of Columbia 3,502/km² 9,070/mi²
Los Angeles, California 3,078/km² 7,972/mi²
Baltimore, Maryland 2,970/km² 7,693/mi²
Buffalo, New York 2,786/km² 7,217/mi²
Oakland, California 2,724/km² 7,054/mi²
Minneapolis, Minnesota 2,691/km² 6,969/mi²
Seattle, Washington 2,563/km² 6,639/mi²
New Haven, Connecticut 2,527/km² 6,554/mi² Downtown New Haven (5,633/km² or 14,590/mi²) [5]
Detroit, Michigan 2,470/km² 6,398/mi²
Cleveland, Ohio 2,353/km² 6,095/mi² Lakewood (3,895/km² or 10,088/mi²)
St. Louis, Missouri 2,199/km² 5,696/mi² University City (2,457/km² or 6,363.1/mi²)
San Jose, California 1,953/km² 5,059/mi²
Cincinnati, Ohio 1,612/km² 4,174/mi²
Portland, Oregon 1,503/km² 3,894/mi²
Atlanta, Georgia 1,425/km² 3,690.5/mi²
Denver, Colorado 1,396.4/km² 3,642/mi²
Dallas, Texas 1,348/km² 3,492/mi² Vickery Meadows (22,354/km² or 57,897/mi²)[9]
Columbus, Ohio 1,307/km² 3,384/mi²
Houston, Texas 1,287/km² 3,333/mi²
Phoenix, Arizona 1,061/km² 2,749/mi²

The most densely populated state is New Jersey (1,121/mi² or 433/km²). See List of U.S. states by population density for maps and complete statistics.

The United States Census Bureau publishes a popular "dot" map showing population distribution at a resolution of 7,500 people,[10] as well as complete listings of population density by place name.[11]

[edit] Race and ethnicity

The U.S. population's racial distribution in 2006 was as follows:[12]

Each of the above categories includes people who identify their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino.[14] U.S. federal law defines Hispanic or Latino as any person with ancestry from a Spanish-speaking Latin American country or Spain, regardless of race.[15]

[edit] Religious affiliation

The table below represents selected data as reported to the United States Census Bureau. It only includes the voluntary self-reported membership of religious bodies with 60,000 or more. The definition of a church member is determined by each religious body. A growing sector of the population, currently 14%, does not identify itself as a member of any religion.[17]

Religious body Year Reported Churches Reported Membership
(thousands)
Number of Pastors/Elders
African Methodist Episcopal Church 1999 0-sm=n 2500 7741
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church 2002 3226 1431 3252
American Baptist Association 1998 1760 275 1740
American Baptist Churches USA 1998 3800 1507 4145
Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America 1998 220 65 263
Armenian Apostolic Church 1998 28 200 25
Assemblies of God 1998 11937 2526 18148
Baptist Bible Fellowship International 1997 4500 1200 -
Baptist General Conference 1998 876 141 -
Baptist Missionary Association of America 1999 1334 235 1525
Buddhism 2001 - 1082 -
Christian and Missionary Alliance, The 1998 1964 346 1629
Christian Brethren (Plymouth Brethren) 1997 1150 100 -
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) 1997 3818 879 3419
Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ 1998 5579 1072 5525
Christian Congregation, Inc., The 1998 1438 117 1436
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church 1983 2340 719 -
Christian Reformed Church in North America 1998 733 199 655
Church of God in Christ 1991 15300 5500 28988
Church of God of Prophecy 1997 1908 77 2000
Church of God (Anderson, IN) 1998 2353 234 3034
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) 1995 6060 753 3121
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2005 12753 5691 38259
Church of the Brethren 1997 1095 141 827
Church of the Nazarene 1998 5101 627 4598
Churches of Christ 1999 15000 1500 14500
Conservative Baptist Association of America 1998 1200 200 -
Community of Christ 1998 1236 140 19319
Coptic Orthodox Church 2003 200 1000 150
Cumberland Presbyterian Church 1998 774 87 634
Episcopal Church 1996 7390 2365 8131
Evangelical Covenant Church, The 1998 628 97 607
Evangelical Free Church of America, The 1995 1224 243 1936
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 1998 10862 5178 9646
Evangelical Presbyterian Church 1998 187 61 262
Free Methodist Church of North America 1998 990 73 -
Full Gospel Fellowship 1999 896 275 2070
General Association of General Baptists 1997 790 72 1085
General Association of Regular Baptist Churches 1998 1415 102 -
U.S. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches 1996 368 82 590
Grace Gospel Fellowship 1992 128 60 160
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America 1998 523 1955 596
Hinduism 2001 - 766 -
Independent Fundamental Churches of America 1999 659 62 -
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel 1998 1851 238 4900
International Council of Community Churches 1998 150 250 182
International Pentecostal Holiness Church 1998 1716 177 1507
Islam 2001 - 1104 -
Jehovah's Witnesses 1999 11064 1040 -
Judaism 2001 - 2831 -
Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod, The 1998 6218 2594 5227
Mennonite Church USA 2005 943 114 -
National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1998 416 67 534
National Association of Free Will Baptists 1998 2297 210 2800
National Baptist Convention of America, Inc. 1987 2500 3500 8000
National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. 1992 33000 8200 32832
National Missionary Baptist Convention of America 1992 - 2500 -
Old Order Amish Church 1993 898 81 3592
Orthodox Church in America 1998 625 1000 700
Pentecostal Assemblies of the World, Inc. 1998 1750 1500 4500
Pentecostal Church of God 1998 1237 104 -
Presbyterian Church in America 1997 1340 280 1642
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) 1998 11260 3575 9390
Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc. 1995 2000 2500 -
Reformed Church in America 1998 902 296 915
Religious Society of Friends (Conservative) 1994 1200 104 -
Roman Catholic Church 2002 19484 66404 -
Romanian Orthodox Episcopate 1996 37 65 37
Salvation Army, The 1998 1388 471 2920
Serbian Orthodox Church 1986 68 67 60
Seventh-day Adventist Church 1998 4405 840 2454
Sikhism 1999 244 80 -
Southern Baptist Convention 1998 40870 16500 71520
Unitarian Universalism 2001 - 629 -
United Church of Christ 1998 6017 1421 4317
United House of Prayer For All People - 100 2500 -
United Methodist Church, The 1998 36170 8400 -
Wesleyan Church, The 1998 1590 120 1806
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod 1997 1240 411 1222

The American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2001 was based on a random digit-dialed telephone survey of 50,281 American residential households in the continental U.S.A (48 states). Respondents were asked to describe themselves in terms of religion with an open-ended question. Interviewers did not prompt or offer a suggested list of potential answers. The primary question of the interview was: What is your religion, if any? The religion of the spouse/partner was also asked. If the initial answer was 'Protestant' or 'Christian' further questions were asked to probe which particular denomination.

Plurality religion by state, 2001. Data is unavailable for Alaska and Hawaii.
Plurality religion by state, 2001. Data is unavailable for Alaska and Hawaii.
Percentage of religion against average, 2001.
Percentage of religion against average, 2001.
Percentage of state populations that identify with a religion rather than "no religion", 2001.
Percentage of state populations that identify with a religion rather than "no religion", 2001.

Self-Described Religious Identification of U.S. Adult Population: 1990 and 2001 [6]
All figures after adjusting for refusals to reply, which jumped from 2.3% in 1990 to 5.4% in 2001

U.S. Census [7]
1990 2001 Change
in %
point
Numerical
growth
in %
terms
Total Christian 88.3% 79.8% -8.5% +5.3%
Catholic 26.8% 25.9% -0.9% +10.6%
Baptist 19.8% 17.2% -2.6% -0.4%
Methodist 8.3% 7.2% -1.1% -0.2%
Christian - no denomination reported 4.7% 7.2% +2.5% +75.3%
Lutheran 5.3% 4.9% -0.4% +5.2%
Presbyterian 2.9% 2.8% -0.1% +12.3%
Protestant - no denomination reported 10.0% 2.4% -7.7% -73.0%
Pentecostal/Charismatic 1.9% 2.2% +0.4% +38.1%
Episcopalian/Anglican 1.8% 1.8% -- +13.4%
Mormon/Latter Day Saints 1.5% 1.4% -0.1% +12.1%
Churches of Christ 1.0% 1.3% +0.3% +46.6%
Congregational/United Church of Christ 0.3% 0.7% +0.4% +130.1%
Jehovah's Witnesses 0.8% 0.7% -0.1% -3.6%
Assemblies of God 0.4% 0.6% +0.2% +67.6%
Evangelical 0.1% 0.5% +0.4% +326.4%
Church of God 0.3% 0.5% +0.2% +77.8%
Seventh Day Adventist 0.4% 0.4% -- +8.4%
Eastern Orthodox 0.3% 0.3% -- +28.5%
Other Christian (less than 0.3% each) 1.6% 1.9% +0.3% +40.2%
Total other religions 3.5% 5.2% +1.7% +69.1%
Jewish 1.8% 1.4% -0.4% -8.1%
Non-denominational 0.1% 1.3% +1.2% +1,176.4%
Muslim 0.3% 0.6% +0.3% +109.5%
Buddhist 0.2% 0.5% +0.3% +169.8%
Hindu 0.1% 0.4% +0.3% +237.4%
Unitarian Universalist 0.3% 0.3% -- +25.3%
Others (less than 0.07% each) 0.6% 0.7% +0.1% +25.4%
No Religion/Atheist/Agnostic 8.4% 15.0% +6.6% +105.7%

[edit] Income

In 2006, the median household income in the United States was around $46,000. Household and personal income in the US is dependent on multiple variables such as race, number of income earners, educational attainment and maritial status.

Median income levels
Households Persons, age 25 or older with earnings Household income by race
All households Dual earner
households
Per household
member
Males Females Both sexes Asian White,
non-hispanic
Hispanic Black
$46,326 $67,348 $23,535 $39,403 $26,507 $32,140 $57,518 $48,977 $34,241 $30,134
Median personal income by educational attainment
Measure Some High School High school graduate Some college Associate degree Bachelor's degree or higher Bachelor's degree Master's degree Professional degree Doctorate degree
Persons, age 25+ w/ earnings $20,321 $26,505 $31,054 $35,009 $49,303 $43,143 $52,390 $82,473 $70,853
Male, age 25+ w/ earnings $24,192 $32,085 $39,150 $42,382 $60,493 $52,265 $67,123 $100,000 $78,324
Female, age 25+ w/ earnings $15,073 $21,117 $25,185 $29,510 $40,483 $36,532 $45,730 $66,055 $54,666
Persons, age 25+, employed full-time $25,039 $31,539 $37,135 $40,588 $56,078 $50,944 $61,273 $100,000 $79,401
Household $22,718 $36,835 $45,854 $51,970 $73,446 $68,728 $78,541 $100,000 $96,830
Household income distribution
Bottom 10% Bottom 20% Bottom 25% Middle 33% Middle 20% Top 25% Top 20% Top 5% Top 1.5% Top 1%
$0 to $10,500 $0 to $18,500 $0 to $22,500 $30,000 to $62,500 $35,000 to $55,000 $77,500 and up $92,000 and up $167,000 and up $250,000 and up $350,000 and up
SOURCE: US Census Bureau, 2006; income statistics for the year 2005

[edit] Social class

While social classes in the US lack distinct boundaries and may overlap, they constitute the perhaps most important demographical groups. The following table provides a summarization of currently prominent academic theories on the societal stratification of American society:

Academic Class Models
Dennis Gilbert, 2002 William Thompson & Joseph Hickey, 2005 Leonard Beeghley, 2004
Class Typical characteristics Class Typical characteristics Class Typical characteristics
Capitalist class (1%) Top-level executives, high-rung politicians, heirs. Ivy League education common. Upper class 1% Top-level executives, celebrities, heirs; income of $500,000+ common. Ivy league education common. The super-rich (0.9%) Multi-millionaires whose incomes commonly exceed $350,000; includes celebrities and powerful executives/politicians. Ivy League education common.
The Rich (5%) Households with net worth of $1 million or more; largely in the form of home equity. Generally have college degrees.
Upper middle class1 (15%) Highly educated (often with graduate degrees), most commonly salaried, professionals and middle management with large work autonomy Upper middle class1 (15%) Highly educated (often with graduate degrees) professionals & managers with household incomes varying from the high 5-figure range to commonly above $100,000 Middle class (plurality/
majority?; ca. 46%)
College educated workers with incomes considerably above-average incomes and compensation; a man making $57,000 and a woman making $40,000 may be typical.
Lower middle class (30%) Semi-professionals and craftsmen with a roughly average standard of living. Most have some college education and are white collar. Lower middle class (32%) Semi-professionals and craftsman with some work autonomy; household incomes commonly range from $35,000 to $75,000. Typically, some college education.
Working class (30%) Clerical and most blue collar workers whose work is highly routinized. Standard of living varies depending on number of income earners, but is commonly just adequate. High school education. Working class (32%) Clerical, pink and blue collar workers with often low job security; common household incomes range from $16,000 to $30,000. High school education. Working class
(ca. 40% - 45%)
Blue collar workers and those whose jobs are highly routinized with low economic security; a man making $40,000 and a woman making $26,000 may be typical. High school education.
Working poor (13%) Service, low-rung clerical and some blue collar workers. High economic insecurity and risk of poverty. Some high school education.
Lower class (ca. 14% - 20%) Those who occupy poorly-paid positions or rely on government transfers. Some high school education.
Underclass (12%) Those with limited or no participation in the labor force. Reliant on government transfers. Some high school education. The poor (ca. 12%) Those living below the poverty line with limited to no participation in the labor force; a household income of $18,000 may be typical. Some high school education.
References: Gilbert, D. (2002) The American Class Structure: In An Age of Growing Inequality. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; Thompson, W. & Hickey, J. (2005). Society in Focus. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon; Beeghley, L. (2004). The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon.
1The upper middle class may also be referred to as "Professional class" Ehrenreich, B. (1989). The Inner Life of the Middle Class. NY, NY: Harper-Colins.

[edit] Miscellaneous statistics

Historical populations
Census Pop.  %±
1790 3,929,214
1800 5,236,631 33.3%
1810 7,239,881 38.3%
1820 9,638,453 33.1%
1830 12,866,020 33.5%
1840 17,069,453 32.7%
1850 23,191,876 35.9%
1860 31,443,321 35.6%
1870 38,558,371 22.6%
1880 49,371,340 28.0%
1890 62,979,766 27.6%
1900 76,212,168 21.0%
1910 92,228,496 21.0%
1920 106,021,537 15.0%
1930 123,202,624 16.2%
1940 132,164,569 7.3%
1950 151,325,798 14.5%
1960 179,323,175 18.5%
1970 203,211,926 13.3%
1980 226,545,805 11.5%
1990 248,709,873 9.8%
2000 281,421,906 13.2%
Est. 2007 303,111,027 7.7%
Historical movement of U.S. population.
Historical movement of U.S. population.

Age structure: (2007 est.)

  • 0–19 years: 27.4% (male 42,667,761; female 40,328,895)
  • 20–64 years: 60.1% (male 89,881,041; female 90,813,578)
  • 65 years and over: 12.6% (male 15,858,477; female 21,991,195)

Population growth rate: 1.00% (2007 est.)

Birth rate: 14.20 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Birth rate was 11.6 for Non-Hispanic Whites, 16.5 for Non-Hispanic Blacks, 14.8 for American Indians, 16.5 for Asians and 23.4 for Hispanics. [8]

In 2006, there were 4,265,996 births. Of which 2,309,833 (54.15%) were to Non-Hispanic Whites, 617,220 (14.47%) to NH Blacks, 47,494 (1.11%) to AI, 239,829 (5.62%) to Asians and 1,039,051 (24.36%) to Hispanics. [9]

Death rate: 8.30 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Net migration rate: 3.05 migrants/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Sex ratios: (2007 est.)

  • at birth: 1.05 males/female
  • under 15 years: 1.05 males/female
  • 15–64 years: 1 male/female
  • 65 years and over: 0.72 male/female
  • total population: 0.97 male/female
  • state-by-state breakdown: United States sex ratio chart

Infant mortality rate: (2007 est.)

  • total population: 6.40 deaths/1,000 live births
  • male: 7.00 deaths/1,000 live births
  • female: 5.70 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy (source: Census Bureau, 2007):

  • total population: 78.00 years
  • male: 75.20 years
  • female: 81.00 years

Total fertility rate: 2.101 children born/woman (2006 est.) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_07.pdf

  • 3.0 for Hispanics
  • 2.2 for African Americans
  • 1.9 for Asian and Pacific Islanders

[10] 2.05 children born/women (2000)

2.08 children born/women (1990)

1.83 children born/women (1980)

2.48 children born/women (1970)

3.65 children born/women (1960)

3.09 children born/women (1950)


Unemployment rate (source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, May. 2007 est):

  • all workers: 4.5%
  • adult men: 4.0%
  • adult women: 3.8%
  • teenagers: 15.7%
  • white: 3.9%
  • African American: 8.5%
  • Hispanic or Latino ethnicity: 5.8%
  • Asians: 2.9%

(See List of U.S. states by unemployment rate)

[edit] Nationality

noun: American(s), US-American(s)
adjective: American, US-American

Much of the material in this section comes from the CIA World Factbook 2006.

The US population is expected to rise to 420 million in 2050 and then 571 million in 2100.

[edit] See also

Income in the United States
Household income in the United States
Personal income in the United States
Affluence in the United States
Income inequality in the United States

Income by:

State (localities by state)
County (highest | lowest)
Metropolitan area
Place
Urban Areas
ZCTAs (Zip Codes)
Class

[edit] References

  1. ^ 2003 Estimates of US Urban Population. United States Census Bureau.
  2. ^ Immigration & Overpopulation Issues - Californians for Population Stabilization CAPS
  3. ^ Statistical Abstract of the United States. United States Census Bureau.
  4. ^ "U.S. population hits 300 million mark", MSNBC (Associated Press), 2006-10-17. Retrieved on 2006-10-17. 
  5. ^ Population Is Now One-Third Minority
  6. ^ U.S. Census Bureau: Minority Population Tops 100 Million
  7. ^ Asthana, Anushka (2006-08-21). Changing Face of Western Cities. Washington Post. Retrieved on 2007-06-25.
  8. ^ U.S. Population Clock, U.S. Census Bureau, <http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html>. Retrieved on 2008-01-09
  9. ^ Dallas Population Density Map: 57,897 (people/mi²)
  10. ^ Census 2000 Population Distribution in the United States, U.S. Census Bureau, <http://www.census.gov/geo/www/mapGallery/2kpopden.html>. Retrieved on 14 December 2007
  11. ^ Density Using Land Area For States, Counties, Metropolitan Areas, and Places, U.S. Census Bureau, <http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/density.html>. Retrieved on 14 December 2007
  12. ^ U.S. Census Bureau; B02001. RACE - Universe: TOTAL POPULATION; Data Set: 2006 American Community Survey; Survey: 2006 American Community Survey. Retrieved 2008-01-24
  13. ^ This may be an understatement. This group numbered 6.8 million in 2000. See Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000; U.S. Census Bureau
  14. ^ U.S. Census Bureau Guidance on the Presentation and Comparison of Race and Hispanic Origin Data. Retrieved on 2007-04-05. “Race and Hispanic origin are two separate concepts in the federal statistical system. People who are Hispanic may be of any race. People in each race group may be either Hispanic or Not Hispanic. Each person has two attributes, their race (or races) and whether or not they are Hispanic.”
  15. ^ United States Office of Management and Budget. Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity
  16. ^ U.S. Census Bureau; B03002. HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE - Universe: TOTAL POPULATION; Data Set: 2006 American Community Survey; Survey: 2006 American Community Survey. Retrieved 2008-01-24
  17. ^ Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2004-2005 (tables 67-69). U.S. Census Bureau.

[edit] External links

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