12th century
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 11th century · 12th century · 13th century |
| Decades: | 1100s 1110s 1120s 1130s 1140s 1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s 1190s |
| Categories: | Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishments |
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and is sometimes called the Age of the Cistercians. In Song Dynasty China an invasion by Jurchens causes a political schism of north and south. The Khmer Empire of Cambodia flourished during this century, while the Fatimids of Egypt were overtaken by the Ayyubid dynasty.
See also: Renaissance of the 12th century
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[edit] Events
- 1102, King Coloman unites Hungary and Croatia under the Hungarian Crown
- 1111. On January 11, 1111: At 11:11:11, the date will read 1111-01-11:11:11:11. This will not happen again until 2222.
- c.1119, Foundation of the Knights Templar
- c.1121, Battle of Didgori, the greatest military victory of Georgia. King David the Builder with 40,000 Georgians, 15,000 Kipchak auxiliaries, 500 Alan mercenaries and 300 French Crusaders defeated Seljuk led muslim coalition army of 400 000.
- 1122, Battle of Beroia results in the disappearance of the Pechenegs as an independent force.
- 1125, Battle of Azaz between the Crusader States and the Seljuk Turks.
- 1127, The Northern Song dynasty loses power over Northern China to the Jurchens of Manchuria.
- 1128, Portugal gains independence from the kingdom of León (recognised by León in 1143).
- 1130–1180, Fifty-year drought in the American Southwest.
- 1132, The Southern Song Dynasty establishes China's first permanent standing navy, although China had a long naval history prior. The main admiral's office was stationed at the port of Dinghai.
- 1132–1183, the Chinese navy increases from a mere 3000 marine soldiers to 52,000 marine soldiers stationed in 20 different squadrons. Between this time, hundreds of treadmill-operated paddle wheel craft are assembled for the navy, in order to combat the Jurchen's Jin Dynasty in the north.
- 1135–1154, The Anarchy is a period of civil war in England.
- 1136, Suger begins rebuilding abbey church at St Denis north of Paris, which is regarded as the first major Gothic building.
- 1139, Battle of Ourique against the Almoravides led by Ali ibn Yusuf. After this battle on July 26 the Independence of Portugal is declared: Prince Afonso Henriques becomes Afonso I, King of Portugal.
- 1140–1150, Collapse of the Ancestral Puebloan culture at Chaco Canyon
- 1145–1148, The Second Crusade is launched in response to the fall of the County of Edessa.
- 1147, A new Berber dynasty, the Almohads, led by Emir Abd al-Mu'min, takes North Africa from the Almoravides and soon invades the Iberian Peninsula. The Almohads began as a religious movement to rid Islam of impurities.
- 1147, The Wendish Crusade against the Polabian Slavs (or "Wends") of what is now northern and eastern Germany.
- 1154, the Moroccan-born Muslim geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi publishes his Geography.
- 1161, the Song Dynasty Chinese navy, employing gunpowder bombs launched from trebuchets, defeat the enormous Jin Dynasty navy on the Yangtze River, in the Battle of Tangdao and the Battle of Caishi.
- 1162, Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, born as Temüjin.
- 1168, King Valdemar I of Denmark conquers Arkona on the Island of Rügen, the strongest pagan fortress and temple in Northern Europe.
- 1169, start of the conquest of Ireland. Richard fitzGilbert de Clare ('Strongbow') makes an alliance with the exiled Irish chief, <a href="/wiki/Diarmait_Mac_Murchada" class=