Nanchang
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Nanchang 南昌市 洪 (Pinyin: Hóng) |
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| — Sub-provincial city — | |
| Chinese transliteration(s) | |
| - Chinese | 南昌市 |
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| - Pinyin | Nánchāng Shì |
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  Nanchang
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Jiangxi |
| Government | |
| - Mayor | Hu Xian |
| Area | |
| - Sub-provincial city | 7,372 km² (2,846.3 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| - Sub-provincial city | 3,790,000 |
| - Density | 514.1/km² (1,331.5/sq mi) |
| - Metro | 4,990,184 |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| City Flower | Chinese Rose |
| City Tree | Camphor Laurel |
| Website: http://www.nc.jx.cn/ | |
Nanchang (Chinese: 南昌; pinyin: Nánchāng) is the capital of Jiangxi Province in southeastern China. Nanchang is famous for its scenic lakes, mountains, rich history and cultural sites.
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[edit] Geography
Nanchang is located 60 km south of the Yangtze River and is situated on the right bank of the Gan River just below its confluence with the Jin River and some 40 km south of its discharge into Poyang Lake.
[edit] Demographics
Nanchang has a population of 3,934,445 people and a metropolitan area consisting of 4,990,184 people.
[edit] History
The city - called Gàn (赣) - was founded and first walled in 201 BC (during the early Han dynasty), when the county town was given the name Nanchang. It was also the administrative seat of a commandery, Yuzhang. In 589 (during the Sui dynasty) this commandery was changed into a prefecture named Hongzhou (洪州), and after 763 it became the provincial center of Jiangxi, which was then beginning the rapid growth that by the 12th century made it the most populous province in China.
In 653 AD, the Tengwang Pavilion was constructed. In 675 AD, Wang Bo (王勃) wrote the classic "Tengwang Ge Xu". The building as well as the city became celebrated for Wang's introduction article and the author is known to all Chinese-speaking population by this masterpiece. The Pavilion has been destroyed and rebuilt several times throughout China's history. In its present form, Tengwang Pavilion was reconstructed in the 1980s after being destroyed in 1929 during the Chinese Civil War.
In 959, under the Southern Tang regime, it became Nanchang superior prefecture and also the southern capital. After the conquest by the Song regime in 981 it reverted to the name Hongzhou. In 1164 it was renamed Longxing superior prefecture, which name it retained until 1368. At the end of the Yuan (Mongol) period (1279–1368), it became a battleground between Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), and the rival local warlord, Chen Youliang. At the beginning of the 16th century it was the power base from which Zhu Chenhao, the prince of Ning, launched a rebellion against the Ming regime.
In the 1850s it suffered considerably as a result of the Taiping Rebellion (1850–64), and its importance as a commercial center declined as the overland routes to Canton were replaced by coastal steamship services in the latter half of the 19th century. Nanchang has, however, remained the undisputed regional metropolis of Jiangxi.
On August 1, 1927, Nanchang was the site of one of a series of insurrections organized by the Chinese Communist Party. The Nanchang Uprising, led by pro-communist Kuomintang officers under Russian direction, succeeded in holding the city for only a few days, and provided a core of troops and a method of organization from which the People's Liberation Army (PLA) later developed.
In 1939, the Battle of Nanchang, a ferocious battle between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and the Japanese Imperial Japanese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War took place.
In 1949 Nanchang was still essentially an old-style administrative and commercial city, with little industry apart from food processing; it had a population of about 275,000. Nanchang first acquired a rail connection in 1915, when the line to Jiujiang, a port on the Yangtze River, was opened. Several other rail links have since been opened. After World War II a line was completed to Linchuan and Gongqi in the Ru River Valley to the south-southeast.
Since 1949 Nanchang has been extensively industrialized. It is now a large-scale producer of cotton textiles and cotton yarn. Papermaking is also a large industry, as is food processing (especially rice milling). Heavy industry began to be important in the mid-1950s. A large thermal-power plant was installed and uses coal brought by rail from Fengcheng, to the south. A machinery industry also grew up, at first mainly concentrating on the production of agricultural equipment and diesel engines. Nanchang then became a center of the automotive industry, producing trucks and tractors and also such equipment as tires. An iron-smelting plant helping to supply local industry was installed in the later 1950s. There is also a large chemical industry, producing agricultural chemicals and insecticides as well as pharmaceuticals.
[edit] Administration
- Donghu District (东湖区)
- Xihu District (西湖区)
- Qingyunpu District (青云谱区)
- Wanli District (湾里区)
- Qingshanhu District (青山湖区)
- Nanchang County (南昌县)
- Xinjian County (新建县)
- Anyi County (安义县)
- Jinxian County (进贤县)
[edit] Economy
Nanchang exists as a regional hub for agricultural production in Jiangxi Province. The yield of grain was 16.146 million tons in 2000. Products such as rice and oranges are economic staples. The Ford Motor Company has a plant in Nanchang, assembling the Ford Transit van as part of the Jiangling Motor joint venture. Nanchang also is a center of the production of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmaceuticals.
The GDP of Jiangxi in 2000 was 200.307 billion Yuan. The gross industrial and agricultural output value was 231.867 billion Yuan. The total value of imports and exports was 1,623.99 million US dollars. The total provincial government revenue was 17.169 billion Yuan.[1]
[edit] Transportation
[edit] Rail
Nanchang has extensive railway infrastructure which connects to many important cities in other provinces. The Beijing-Jiulong Railway and Shanghai-Kunming Railway (formerly Zhe-Gan Railway, literally Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway) both meet at Nanchang making Nanchang one of the most important transport hubs in Southern China. It is also the home to the Nanchang Bureau of Railways, which operates the majority of the railway network in the provinces of Jiangxi and Fujian.
From 2007, Nanchang is also connected with neighboring cities Hangzhou, Changsha and Shanghai with CRH (China Railway High-speed).
- Nanchang Changbei International Airport (南昌昌北国际机场)
- Beijing-Jiulong Railway (京九铁路)
- Shanghai-Kunming Railway (沪昆铁路)
[edit] Air
Nanchang Changbei International Airport (KHN) built in 1996 is the main international airport. It is situated in Lehua Town, 26 kilometres north of the CDB area. Changbei International Airport is the only one in Jiangxi Province which has an international air route. The airport is connected to major mainland cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Haikou.[2]
[edit] Road
The road transport infrastructure in Nanchang is extensive. There are a number of national highways that goes through Nanchang. They are the No.105 National roads No.105 from Beijing to Zhuhai, No.320 from Shanghai to Kunming, and No.316 from Fuzhou to Lanzhou. The major transport companies that operate in Nanchang are the Chang'an Transport Company Limited, the Nanchang Long-distance Bus Station, and the Xufang Bus Station.
The Nanchang Long-distance Bus Station serve long distance routes to Nanjing, Shenzhen, Hefei and other cites outside Jiangxi Province. The Xufang Bus Station operates routes to cities, towns and counties within Jiangxi Province. [3]
[edit] Water
Nanchang is situated on the Gan River, the Fu River, Elephant Lake, Qingshan Lake, and Aixi Lake. Hence the water routes for Nanchang critically important for the economy, trade and shipping. Nanchang Port is the biggest port on the Gan River. Passengers can take Nanchang Port and travel by boat to the Jinggang Shan and Tengwang Pavilion. There are passenger ships that also visit Poyang Lake, Stone Bell Hill, Poyang Lake Bird Protection Area, Dagu Hill and other attractions.
[edit] Landmarks
Nanchang is known for the Tengwang Pavilion, a towering pavilion dating to 653 and Bayi Square (Literally Aug. 1st Square aka. People's Square), whose size is approximately 78,000 m2,[4] the second largest public square in China, after Beijing's Tiananmen Square. It is also home to the The Star of Nanchang, which is the world's tallest Ferris wheel.[5]
There is also the Jiangxi Provincial Museum and Bada Shanren Exhibition Hall.
[edit] Colleges and universities
- Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics (江西财经大学) (founded 1923)
- Nanchang University (南昌大学)
- Jiangxi Normal University (江西师范大学)
- Jiangxi Normal College of Science and Technology (江西科技师范学院)
- Jiangxi Agricultural University (江西农业大学)
- East China Jiaotong University (华东交通大学)
- Nanchang Institute of Aeronautical Technology (南昌航空工业学院)
- Jiangxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (江西中医学院)
Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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