Billy Snedden
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| The Rt Hon. Sir Billy Snedden | |
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| In office 1972 – 21 March 1975 |
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| Preceded by | Gough Whitlam |
| Succeeded by | Malcolm Fraser |
| Constituency | Bruce |
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5th Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia
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| In office 1972 – 21 March 1975 |
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| Preceded by | William McMahon |
| Succeeded by | Malcolm Fraser |
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| Born | 31 December 1926 Perth, Western Australia |
| Died | 27 June 1987 |
| Political party | Liberal Party of Australia |
Sir Billy Mackie Snedden, KCMG, QC (31 December 1926 – 27 June 1987), born in Perth, was an Australian politician and was opposition leader of the coalition at the 1974 federal election failing to defeat incumbent Gough Whitlam.
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[edit] Early life
The son of a stonemason, he was educated at state schools and joined the Royal Australian Air Force in 1945. After the war he was discharged and attended the University of Western Australia, where he studied Law. In 1950 Snedden married Joy Forsyth, with whom he had four children. After finishing his law degree he was admitted to the bar in 1951. During this time he stood once for the Western Australian state Parliament and twice for the Australian House of Representatives, for unwinnable seats.
[edit] Political career
In 1954 he moved to Melbourne, where he practised law until he was elected to the House of Representatives for the outer suburban seat of Bruce. In 1965 Prime Minister Robert Menzies appointed him Attorney-General. He was Minister for Immigration 1966-69, and Minister for Labour and National Service 1969-71, a difficult job which put him in charge of the government's highly unpopular policy of conscription for the Vietnam War. In 1967, following the death of Harold Holt, he was a candidate for the leadership of the Liberal Party, but his candidacy was not taken very seriously.
[edit] Rise to the Liberal leadership
In 1971, however, Snedden was appointed Treasurer (finance minister) by William McMahon, and was elected Liberal Deputy Leader, making him the heir apparent to the leadership. When McMahon was defeated by the Labor Party under Gough Whitlam in 1972, Snedden was duly elected Liberal leader. Snedden promised a new and more "liberal" Liberal Party, but he suffered from his continuing image as a light-weight, and many Liberals believed he would never defeat Whitlam.
Snedden allowed himself to be persuaded to use the conservative majority in the Senate to block the Whitlam government's budget in 1974. Whitlam promptly called a double dissolution election, and was returned to office with a reduced majority. Labor campaigned on the Slogan "Oh no, not Snedden!" Snedden exposed himself to ridicule by refusing to formally concede defeat, insisting at a press conference that "while we didn't win, we didn't lose either."
[edit] Leadership challenge by Malcolm Fraser
After the election the conservative wing of the Liberal Party, led by Malcolm Fraser, challenged Snedden's leadership, but he was narrowly re-elected. When he failed to make any headway against Whitlam, Fraser mounted a second challenge, and Snedden was deposed in March 1975, becoming the first leader of the Liberal Party not to gain the Prime Ministership. He retired to the backbench until February 1976, when Fraser supported his election as Speaker of the House.
[edit] Speaker of the House
Snedden filled the role of Speaker with dignity, and he was knighted during his term of office (January 1978) although some members found what they saw as his pomposity rather tiresome. He was the last Australian Speaker to wear the full regalia of full-bottomed wig and robes inherited from the British House of Commons. In 1982 he had revenge of sorts on Fraser when he refused to insist that a Labor frontbencher, Bob Hawke, retract an allegation that Fraser was a liar. Fraser was furious but could not be seen to be attacking the Speaker.
[edit] Later life
When the Fraser government was defeated by Hawke in 1983, Snedden immediately resigned from Parliament. He separated from his wife and withdrew from public life as his health declined.
In 1987, Snedden suffered a fatal heart attack. [1] [2]
His daughter Fiona Snedden was elected to the Melbourne City Council in 2004 after an unsuccessful candidature for the Liberal Party in the seat of Melbourne Ports in the 1998 federal elections.
[edit] Honours
Snedden was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in January 1978. He was also appointed a Privy Councillor (PC).
[edit] References
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| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Garfield Barwick |
Attorney-General 1964-1966 |
Succeeded by Nigel Bowen |
| Preceded by Hubert Opperman |
Minister for Immigration 1966-1969 |
Succeeded by Phillip Lynch |
| Preceded by Les Bury |
Minister for Labour and National Service 1969-1971 |
Succeeded by Phillip Lynch |
| Preceded by Leslie Bury |
Treasurer of Australia 1971-1972 |
Succeeded by Gough Whitlam |
| Parliament of Australia | ||
| Preceded by Gordon Scholes |
Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives 1976–1983 |
Succeeded by Dr Harry Jenkins |
| Preceded by New division |
Member for Division of Bruce 1955–1983 |
Succeeded by Ken Aldred |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by William McMahon |
Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia 1972–1975 |
Succeeded by Malcolm Fraser |
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