Prime Minister of Russia
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| Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation |
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 Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation |
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| Incumbent: Vladimir Putin |
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| Appointer | The President |
| Inaugural | Sergei Witte |
| Formation | 6 November 1905 |
| Russia |
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The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, (Russian: Председатель Правительства Российской Федерации) unofficially called the Prime-Minister (though such term is not present in the Russian Constitution) is the current Head of Government of the Russian Federation. Executive power is split between the Prime Minister and the President of Russia, who is Russia's Head of State.
During the Imperial era, the Chairman of the Russian Council of Ministers, referred to as the prime minister, was appointed by the Czar (the Emperor); his precursor, the Chairman of the Committee of Ministers, had no separate power.
In the era of the Soviet Union, the head of government was the Chairman of Council of People's Commissars (until 1946) and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers (after 1946). People who held those positions are sometimes referred to as the prime ministers.
[edit] Appointment to office and removal from office
The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Russia with the consent of the State Duma.
The President shall name his candidate within two weeks after the resignation of the previous government or the inauguration ceremony of the President. The State Duma shall discuss the nominated candidate within two weeks after the nomination and make the decision. If the State Duma decides to give the President its consent for the appointment the President may immediately sign the respective decree. If the State Duma refuses to grant its approval the President shall present another candidate within one week after the rejection of the previous candidate.
Should the State Duma reject candidates nominated by the President for three times consecutively, the President dissolves it and announces new elections, while the Prime Minister is appointed by the President regardless of the Duma's opinion. The State Duma cannot be dissolved on these grounds during the last six months of the incumbent President's term, in time of emergency or war and in case the State Duma initiates the impeachment of the incumbent President.
The Prime Minister may be dismissed by the President at any time at President's own discretion. The Prime Minister may also pass his resignation to the President on his own initiative. The President may reject the Prime Minister's resignation and oblige him to work further. The resignation of the Prime Minister automatically means the resignation of the whole government as a body.
The President may also theoretically be forced to dismiss his Prime Minister and the whole cabinet under pressure of the State Duma within one year after its election. For that to happen the State Duma has to pass a censure motion against the Government twice within three months. Normally, the President in this case has the right to choose whether to sack the Government or to dissolve the Duma (if the Duma passes the censure motion just once, the President may also choose just to "take into account" but "not agree" with the decision of the Duma). However, within one year from parliamentary elections the dissolution of the Duma is impossible on this grounds. That is why in this case the President does not have any other options but to dismiss his Prime Minister and the cabinet as a whole (even if he totally supports it).
Other members of the Russian Government are appointed and dismissed by the President upon recommendation of the Prime Minister.
[edit] Duties and competences
In general, the Prime Minister serves more of an administrative role, nominating members of the Cabinet and implementing domestic policy. In accordance with the federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation" the Prime Minister exercises the following duties:
- determines the basic directions of the Government policy;
- presents to the President proposals on the structure and functions of the central institutions of the executive branch;
- nominates the vice prime ministers, federal ministers and other officers and presents them to the President;
- represents the government as an institution in foreign relations and inside the country;
- heads the sessions of the Government and has the right of decisive vote;
- signs the decrees and executive orders of the government;
- systematically informs the President about the Government activities;
[edit] Succession of the presidency
In case of the President's death, resignation or impeachment the Prime Minister becomes a temporary president until new presidential elections which must take place within three months. The Prime Minister acting as president may not dissolve the State Duma or announce a referendum.
[edit] Prime Ministers of the Russian Empire (1905-1917)
| A# | Name | Took Office | Left Office | Emperor |
| 1 | Graf (Count) Sergei Witte | 6 November 1905 | 5 May 1906 | Nicholas II |
| 2 | Ivan Goremykin | 5 May 1906 | 21 July 1906 | Nicholas II |
| 3 | Pyotr Stolypin | 21 July 1906 | 18 September 1911 | Nicholas II |
| 4 | Vladimir Kokovtsov | 18 September 1911 | 12 February 1914 | Nicholas II |
| 5 | Ivan Goremykin | 12 February 1914 | 2 February 1916 | Nicholas II |
| 6 | Boris Stürmer | 2 February 1916 | 23 November 1916 | Nicholas II |
| 7 | Alexander Trepov | 23 November 1916 | 9 January 1917 | Nicholas II |
| 8 | Knyaz (Prince) Nikolai Golitsyn | 9 January 1917 | 12 March 1917 | Nicholas II |
[edit] Minister-Chairmen of the Russian Provisional Government (1917)
| A# | R# | Name | Took Office | Left Office | Party |
| 9 | 1 | Knyaz (Prince) Georgy Evgenyevich Lvov | 23 March 1917 | 21 July 1917 | Constitutional Democratic Party |
| 10 | 2 | Alexander Kerensky | 21 July 1917 | 8 November 1917 | Socialist-Revolutionary Party |
[edit] Premiers of the Russian SFSR (1917-1990)
[edit] Prime Ministers of the Russian SFSR (1990-1991)
| A# | R# | Name | Took office | Left office | Political Party | Chairman/President | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29 | 1 | Ivan Silayev | No Image | June 15, 1990 | September 26, 1991 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union | Boris Yeltsin |
| — | — | Oleg Lobov (Acting) |
No Image | September 26, 1991 | November 6, 1991 | Communist Party of the Russian Federation | Boris Yeltsin |
| 30 | 2 | Boris Yeltsin |  |
November 6, 1991 | December 25, 1991 | Non-partisan (Supported by Democratic Russia) |
Boris Yeltsin |
[edit] List of Prime Ministers of the Russian Federation (1991-Present)
[edit] See also
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