Operation Medusa

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Operation Medusa
Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)

Canadian soldiers watch as dust rises from an explosion during Operation Medusa.
Date September 2, 2006 — September 17, 2006 (other phases completed mid October)
Location Panjwaye and Zhari districts, Kandahar Province, Afghanistan
Result Tactical Coalition victory;
strategic implications unclear.
Belligerents
Coalition:
 Canada,
 Netherlands,
Flag of Afghanistan Afghan National Army
Support from:
 United States,
 United Kingdom,
 Denmark		 Flag of Afghanistan Taliban insurgents
Strength
2,000 1,200+
Casualties and losses
Canada:
12 killed
Netherlands:
1 killed
U.S.:
1 killed
U.K.:
14 killed (MR-2 crash)		 512 killed,
136 captured[1]
v • d • e
Mazar-I-Sharif – Herat – Qala-i-Jangi – Tora Bora – Anaconda – Takur Ghar – Jacana – Red Wing – Lashkagar – Mountain Thrust – Helmand – Kaika – Sangin – Panjwaii – Medusa – Mountain Fury – Falcon Summit – Achilles – Hoover – Chora – Firebase Anaconda – Harekate Yolo – Musa Qala – Karez – Gora Prai – Sarposa Prison – Arghandab – Wanat – Hammer – Uzbin – Eagle's Summit

Operation Medusa was a Canadian-led offensive by major elements of the International Security Assistance Force and Afghan National Army that began on September 2, 2006 as part of the 2001 war in Afghanistan. It aimed to establish government control over an area of Kandahar Province centered on the town of Panjwayi some 30 km west of Kandahar city. This area is characterized by numerous small farming villages in the valley of the Arghandab River.

Contents

[edit] Background

NATO forces believe this area to be a Taliban stronghold. It was previously assaulted in the Battle of Panjwaii during the summer of 2006, but Taliban forces quickly re-asserted their presence after the operation ended.

The operation involves most of the Canadian Forces' combat troops in Afghanistan, which provided the bulk of the force there, including troops from 1st Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment Battle Group as well various company-sized formations from the US Army (Special Operations Forces, and Alpha Company 2nd Battalion, 4th Infantry Regt, 4th BDE, 10th MTN DIV). Dutch and Danish soldiers were also involved - albeit peripherally, as well as hundreds of Afghan soldiers. The Dutch PzH 2000 howitzer was positioned with the Canadian M777 Howitzers of Echo Battery and made its combat debut with the Dutch Army as fire support [1].

[edit] Battle

Afghan and NATO forces killed more than 200 suspected Taliban fighters in a major operation in southern Afghanistan, NATO said on September 3, 2006. Four Canadian soldiers with the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force were killed and nine others were wounded in the fighting in Kandahar province, a statement from the alliance said.

“Reports indicate that more than 200 Taliban fighters have been killed since Operation Medusa began early morning on September 2, 2006. This figure was arrived at by reviewing information from ISAF surveillance and reconnaissance assets operating in Panjwaye and Zhari districts, as well as information reported by various Afghan officials and citizens living nearby,”

More than 80 suspected Taliban fighters were captured by Afghan police and a further 180 insurgents were seen fleeing the district, the statement said.[2]

NATO said there were no reports of civilian casualties, despite the heavy amount of firepower being used. Earlier, Afghan Defense Ministry spokesman Gen. Zahir Azimi, citing intelligence reports, said 89 suspected Taliban militants and an uncertain number of civilians had been killed during two days of fighting in Panjwayi district. It was not immediately possible to gain independent confirmation of the casualty reports, as the government has ordered vehicles off the roads leading to Panjwayi. A NATO statement said its troops reported dozens of insurgents killed during fighting Saturday, the first day of the operation. It said many more have been wounded, and a significant number arrested.[2] The tough military action has brought with it a risk of civilian deaths.[3]

The insurgency is going through its bloodiest period since U.S.-backed forces overthrew a Taliban government in late 2001 after it refused to hand over Al-Qaeda chief Osama bin Laden following the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. More than 2,000 people, most of them militants, along with scores of civilians and aid workers as well as hundreds of Afghan security personnel have been killed so far in 2006, while over 100 foreign troops have died, including those killed in the plane crash on September 2, 2006.[2][4]

Twelve Canadian soldiers died in combat in the campaign, five during the major combat operations, five in bombings and two in a mortar/rpg attack during the reconstruction phase of the operation. 14 British military personnel were also killed when their plane crashed. In addition an American Army military adviser for the Afghan National Army was killed during the major combat operations.[5]

[edit] Timeline

While supporting the operation a British Nimrod MR2 reconnaissance aircraft crashed, killing all fourteen on board. This represented the largest single fatal incident involving British troops in Afghanistan. The UK Ministry of Defence believes the crash was not the result of hostile action.[6]

Stronger than expected resistance was put up by the Taliban forces there, whom NATO expected to simply retreat. Instead, they prepared for the decisive engagement, deciding to take advantage of the defensively-advantageous ground of the district, and laid traps for the coming NATO troops. The NATO troops' objective was, basically, to capture a grouping of villages known as Pashmul. Pashmul had been the site of repeated battles throughout the summer of 2006, with several Canadian soldiers being killed there on August 3rd.

The air-offensive commenced on September 2nd while ground forces positioned themselves in a pincer, north and south of the Panjqayi District. The air attacks led to the killing, in the first two days, of around 200 Taliban fighters and the arrest of another 80.

An odd decision made at RC(S) changed the tone of the battle. Charles Company of the 1 RCR Battle Group was positioned for a feint in the south while the bombing went on. Three days ahead of schedule C Company was suddenly ordered to cross the Arghandab River and move into Pashmul. Enemy resistance was severe. Several Canadian vehicles were lost and four Canadian soldiers were killed and nine were wounded in the intense fighting. Explosions echoed across grape and pomegranate fields and clouds of dust rose amid the greenery and dried-mud houses of the Panjwayi district, which is about 12 miles from Kandahar city.

After Operation Medusa started, authorities in Kandahar warned people not to travel off the main highway in the province, which leads into Panjwayi. The road was blocked by soldiers — not far from where bombing was taking place. Some military Humvees were parked nearby. Observers reported that 180 Taliban fighters managed to escape the district.

On September 4th there was a friendly fire incident. U.S. warplanes mistakenly strafed Charles Company, as they were preparing to once again attack Pashmul. The A-10 killed one soldier and wounded at least 30, 5 of whom were seriously wounded. NATO said the friendly fire incident happened after ground troops battling Taliban militants requested air support. "Two USAF aircraft provided the support but regrettably engaged friendly forces during a strafing run, using cannons," NATO said in a statement. NATO later identified the planes as US A-10 Thunderbolt II.

The friendly fire incident essentally rendered C Company combat ineffective. Emphasis was switched from the southern flank of Panjwayi to the north - which some claim had been the original plan. As forces reoriented themselves the Canadian and Dutch artillery as well as NATO air power resumed their attacks.

Canadian and Dutch artillery and NATO air strikes killed at least 51 suspected Taliban militants. Maj. Scott Lundy said earlier that an estimated 700 militants were "trapped" in an area spanning several hundred square miles in Panjwayi and Zhari districts, some in fortified compounds, others moving in the open. Also on the fourth day, first reports of civilian casualties emerged with people saying that at least 10 civilians from the same family were killed in the bombing since the start of the operation.

On the fifth day Canadian and Dutch artillery and NATO air strikes continued pounding Taliban positions killing another 40 fighters who tried to break through NATO lines and escape. Forward observers reported that the Taliban fighters that remain have entrenched themselves and were ready for a fight. Five soldiers were wounded in a mortar attack on a Canadian patrol.

The next two days there was a lull in fighting. But it flared up again on September 8 2006. Ground combat renewed and in the fighting on the 8th and 9th September another 40 Taliban fighters and one American soldier were killed. "We are engaging with everything from direct fire to artillery and air strikes," an official with the NATO-led ISAF said. Three insurgent positions, a bomb-making factory, and a weapons cache were destroyed, and ISAF troops occupied parts of Panjwayi and Zhari districts. "Afghan and ISAF troops have reopened Highway 1 to civilian traffic and will maintain a patrolling presence to ensure civilians can travel the route in increased safety," ISAF said.

Late on September 9, 2006 the fighting started up again and lasted until morning of the 10th. NATO said 94 militants were killed in both Panjwayi and neighboring Zhari districts. Late on the 10th insurgents staged a counterattack which led to the killing of another 92 militants.

The next four days there was virtually no fighting with NATO reporting that the Taliban have fled. NATO troops, however, found a large number of booby traps left behind by the Taliban. On September 14, the 11th day of the operation, troops began moving ahead in to Taliban controlled areas of Pashmula. As the hours unfolded evidence of the Taliban's presence mounted: 50 kilograms of nitrogen, dozens of batteries, rocket-propelled grenades, ammunition, tunnels and bunkers. Meanwhile, connections to drug trafficking were evident at the compound. NATO and Afghan soldiers must check every building and scour every inch of ground before victory can be declared and residents are allowed to return to their homes along a greenbelt of the Arghandab River. "Caution is the name of the game today," Major Geoff Abthorpe said Wednesday as the day began. "Slow is smooth, and smooth is fast." As NATO troops forge ahead again today, they'll be on the lookout for Taliban fighters. The insurgents had showed a stronger-than-expected resistance, but it now appears they've fled their stronghold, which some had suspected would serve as a last stand. Many Canadian soldiers were excited and had anxiety because they were worried that the Taliban managed to flee to fight another day. But at the days end an Afghan interpreter with the Canadian troops reported that he heard radio chatter from the Taliban, and that they were saying about pulling together in a spot to dig in and fight.

But the Taliban didn't dig in. Instead some 400 heavily armed Taliban crossed into the western Farah province, taking control of its Gulistan district after chasing away the police and burning the district headquarters and a local clinic on September 14, 2006. NATO announced the operation over on September 17, 2006. They said that the operation was a success in destroying the Taliban force that was massing near Kandahar, and the Taliban have been driven from both Panjwayi and Zhari districts of Kandahar province.[7]

[edit] Results

A day after NATO declared victory a suicide bomber in Panjwayi district of Kandahar province killed four Canadian soldiers while they were on a security patrol. While the operation was going on, in other attacks by the Taliban, in the same period, four American and four British soldiers were killed along with dozens of Afghan soldiers and police, and dozens of civilians.

Military operations of Operation Medusa did not stop on September 17 though. The seventeenth was the date that the major combat of the operation ended. After that the next phases of operation Medusa began which included reconstruction of infrastructure and roadways, combined with efforts to help the local people return home and link the regional economy to the rest of the country.

On 6 October 2006 anonymous commanders from five NATO countries, were demanding their governments "get tough" with Pakistan over the alleged support and sanctuary the Pakistani Interservices Intelligence (ISI) provided to the Taliban during operation Medusa.[8]

Despite the end of combat operations, heavy fighting continued in the area. In the last week of October 2006, dozens of civilians were reported killed in ISAF operations. A local council member was quoted as stating, "The government and the coalition told the families that there are no Taliban in the area any more. If there are no Taliban, then why are they bombing the area?"[9]

[edit] Civilian deaths

In the months following Operation Medusa, Afghan and international concern over the number of civilians killed in the assault. In particular, a NATO investigation into an airstrike in October found that 31 civilians were killed, including 20 people in a single extended family. On 3 January 2007, a NATO spokesman acknowledged that "The single thing that we have done wrong — and we are striving hard to improve on next year — is killing innocent civilians." [10]

The follow-up operation, Operation Falcon Summit, generally did not involve such heavy firepower, instead using small infantry units searching villages in co-operation with tribal elders.[11]

[edit] References

  1. ^ CTV.ca | Canadian troops shut down bomb-making facility
  2. ^ a b c "Afghan offensive inflicts heavy losses on Taliban", MSNBC (2006-09-03). 
  3. ^ "Civilians reported killed by airstrikes as NATO hunts Taliban" October 19, 2006 accessed 19 October 2006.
  4. ^ "NATO plane crashes in southern Afghanistan, killing 14 British troops", wikinews (2006-09-02). 
  5. ^ "Pakistan vows to help crush Taliban", The Age (2006-09-06). 
  6. ^ "British Armed Forces killed in Afghanistan" (in English) (2006-09-02). Retrieved on 2006-09-03.
  7. ^ BBC Europe.
  8. ^ Telegraph.
  9. ^ Alauddin Khan, Afghan officials say 60 civilians killed in NATO operation, AP via Globe and Mail, 26 October, 2006.
  10. ^ CTV.ca News Staff (03-01-2007). "NATO hopes to lower Afghan civilian deaths". Retrieved on 04-01-2007.
  11. ^ Brian Hutchinson, The National Post (03-01-2007). "Taliban ran from battle". Retrieved on 04-01-2007.

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

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