Christianese

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Christianese (or Bible-speak) refers to the contained terms and jargon used within many of the branches and denominations of Christianity as a functional system of religious terminology. It is characterized by the use in everyday conversation of certain words, theological terms, and catchphrases, in ways that may be only comprehensible within the context of Christian belief.

In the developed Christian context, particular terms (inc. names) like God and Christ (or Jesus) as well as more common terms such as faith, truth, and spirit have a rich history of meaning to refer to concepts in spirituality, which Christians may consider to be particular to Christianity, and not available to dissimilar or distantly foreign belief systems. While particular terms may have some functional translatability to concepts in other systems (for example in Buddhism), such translations may typically be controversial outside of the forum of comparative religion. Because terms interoperate in a closed system, Christians may consider the use of such terms outside of Christianity or their particular branch (or denomination) as a distortion.

The term "Christianese" is an informal and sometimes pejorative exonym from secular culture[citation needed] to refer to the language of terms used in Christianity as contained and, in some cases, deliberately or effectively uncooperative with secular and foreign terms. Certain denominations—contemporary Pentecostalism and Evangelicalism for example—may be more widely considered as users of a distinctly localised variant of Christianese.

Some Christian commentators hold that "Christianese" is incomprehensible or off-putting to outsiders, and suggest that it is possible to express all Christian truth in neutral language, with little or no use of religious words other than "God", "Jesus" and "Bible".[citation needed]

Contents

[edit] Elements

In its basic form, Christianese uses theological and/or Biblical terms to describe matters of faith and everyday experiences as interpreted through a filter of faith and doctrine. The words and phrases used are known to the speaker of the wider language (e. g. English); however, without an understanding of the passage of Bible, issue of theology, or (sometimes) specific doctrine at the forefront of the mind of the speaker, the listener has no context to understand what is being said. For example, a phrase like, "Washed in the blood" in Christianese means "My sins are forgiven because I believe in the terms of salvation as defined by Jesus." However, without an understanding of Jesus, what he did, or what his actions mean in the Christian theology of the speaker, such statements are not understood by the listener or listeners.

Sometimes traditional language remains in use down through generations when language usage generally has moved on. For example, "Laid aside on a bed of sickness" can be used instead of "ill"; "traveling mercies" instead of "safety on your journey". This form of jargon is not fundamentally based in Bible texts but in tradition.

[edit] Special lexicography

There is a standard Christian lexicon within the Catholic Church; given that Catholic terminology is dictated by the authority of the Holy See, there is a great deal more uniformity within its literature. For example, when a non-denominational Protestant refers to the End Times, he or she may be referring to the period following the Incarnation, as Catholics believe, or any number of eschatological interpretations of the Book of Revelation, the Olivet discourse or The Sheep and the Goats. There are other "authoritative" lexicons within other Christian sects, but these lexicons are considerably less standard.

[edit] Lexicon

See also: Glossary of Christian terms

Below are a few examples of Christianese terms, and what they mean.

  • Agape: Christian love.
  • All things to all men: to be fully devoted to evangelism, reference to 1 Corinthians 9:20-23.
  • Amen: Hebrew word used by Jesus, see Lord's Prayer.
  • Anointed: Chosen. Usually descriptive of a person, as in "Pastor Bob is a really anointed leader." Carries the meaning that someone is particularly well suited for a certain task or position while implying that God is responsible. Additional meanings include, blessed (see below), protected, empowered, or talented. Many Christian groups do not use this term, but it is particularly common in Charismatic circles. In the Catholic Church, Anointing refers to the application of oils or unction for ceremonial purposes, such as the Anointing of the Sick, or the historical anointing of kings and emperors. Among Jehovah's Witnesses the tem refers to those who feel they have a heavenly hope.
  • Backsliding: The actions of a Christian who seems to be losing their faith or behaving in an "un-Christian" manner. (Backslider.)
  • Beelzebub: a prominent demon in the Bible, see also Mark 3: A house divided.
  • Blessed: A feeling of personal well-being, especially as connected with a casual religious experience or a religious interpretation of everyday experiences. In the Catholic Church, "blessed" refers to someone who has been beatified.
  • Brother: a fellow believer in Christ, shortened from the phrase brother in Christ. Often pluralized as brethren. In the plural there is no implication as to gender, but in the singular a female believer is generally called a sister. In the Catholic Church, the title of brother may refer specifically to a monk.
  • Blood of Christ: sometimes used to mean the essence or spirit of Christ. One who is already saved depends on the Blood to keep him on the path of righteousness. The Blood, insofar as it refers to the death of Jesus, is also the mechanism of redemption and atonement. In the Catholic Church, the Blood of Christ refers to the physical manifestation (see transubstantiation) of Christ present in the Eucharist.
  • Born Again (can be used as a noun or an adjective): A person who has come to a belief in Christianity, especially evangelical Christianity, and has experienced a spiritual rebirth. May also refer to formerly liberal Christians who adopt evangelical Christianity. This terminology derives from a metaphor used by Jesus in his discussion with Nicodemus in John 3.
  • Cafeteria Christian: A Christian who personally decides which doctrines of Jesus to follow, see Cafeteria Christianity.
  • Call or Calling (verb or noun) A belief that God wants a person to do a specific thing. May be used for a vocation ("God called me to become a teacher") or a specific act ("I felt a call to go on a trip to Indonesia.") "Called" can occasionally be used as an adjective: "He's a brilliant doctor; he really is called."
  • Christian formation: Growth, education, and development in becoming more like Christ.
  • Cities of Refuge: a safe place, perhaps temporary, for someone accused of a crime.
  • Courting (verb) Dating but for some Christians, dating with the understanding it has the intent of discerning whether to marry or not. See Biblical courtship. This term is not usually used by younger people.
  • Curse of the Law: for example Gen 3, Deuteronomy 11:26-32.
  • Discernment The use of this term among American Evangelicals is similar to its standard definition. However, it is considered a supernatural gift comparable to prophecy - the ability to perceive the spiritual truth of a matter through the direct guidance of the Holy Spirit. [1] [2] In the Roman Catholic Church, discernment refers to the process of deciding whether one has a vocation to religious, married, or single life.
  • Discipleship or discipling: The process, normally understood as one-on-one, of a believer teaching another believer about the Christian life. In the Roman Catholic Church, this is called spiritual formation. See also Great Commission.
  • Divine Law: see Biblical law in Christianity.
  • End time: the last days of the world when various Messianic prophecies will come true.
  • Exactness: Perfection in everyday life, adhering so strictly to Biblical laws and ethics as to do nothing that is not obedient to the will of God. This terminology is not used by all Christian groups; even some pietist groups do not use it.
  • Eye of a needle: a difficult task, as in threading a needle, Jesus said it will be difficult for the wealthy to get to heaven, like passing a camel through the eye of a needle.
  • Feel convicted: A verb meaning to feel the judgment of God on your sin. The phrase can have slightly different meanings with different prepositions. One can feel convicted that something is true, feel convicted about a past sin, or feel convicted to do something good. For example, "I feel convicted that every Christian should bear witness to the Gospel. I feel convicted about being too shy to witness to my coworkers. I feel convicted to speak to one person a day about Christ from now on." In each case, the feeling of certainty or guilt or determination is considered not just an emotion, but an effect of the Holy Spirit drawing the believer toward God's will for that situation.
  • Fellowship: A sense of belonging to a community, either within a specific church or within Christianity as a widespread religion. See also Ecumenicism. This can also refer to socializing exclusively with other Christians. Some individuals and groups consider such exclusivity to be an important factor in spiritual growth and/or righteousness. Fellowship is also used as a verb, meaning to spend time together with others. The traditional Greek term for this is koinoinia.
  • Fishers of Men: a title for the Apostles given by Jesus (Luke 5:1-11).
  • Flock, The: Christians see themselves as a flock of sheep, instead of wild goats, with Jesus as their shepherd.
  • Fornication: the Christian F word, stands for immoral sexual relations and sometimes immorality in general.
  • Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: a sign of bad times ahead.
  • Good News, The (or the Gospel): Can refer to the Bible, the New Testament or the Gospels. Can also refer to the general Christian doctrine of personal salvation through belief in Jesus Christ (John 3:16}, teachings of Jesus, and/or the substitutionary atonement. Good news is the literal meaning of gospel, an Old English word from the roots got (God) and spel (news). The gospel may be specifically the message that Jesus Christ is God the Son who died for sins and rose from the grave, providing forgiveness and the gift of eternal life to all who trust in him to save them, or generally denotes the message proclaimed by Jesus of Nazareth: this is the original New Testament usage (for example Mark 1:14-15 or 1 Corinthians 15:1-9; see also Strong's G2098);
  • Hosanna: Aramaic of Jesus
  • Jesus freak: 60's term, hippy Christian, or someone totally devoted to Jesus.
  • Jezebel: a prostitute or wanton woman.
  • John 3:16: said to be the Bible in a nutshell, often seen at televised events.
  • Joy: The feeling of happiness and fulfillment that accompanies one's Christian faith. Commonly invoked to justify conversion.
  • Judaizers: Christians who act too Jewish.
  • Judeo-Christian: term which stesses the commonality between Christianity and Judaism, for example the Ten Commandments.
  • Kingdom of God: An important phrase in the teachings of Jesus.
  • Laying on of hands: Focused personal prayer for an individual, often sick or injured, where those present gather around and place their hands on the person's body during prayer. Derived from a command of Jesus in the Gospels. In the Catholic Church, the Laying on of Hands often accompanies religious rituals of cleansing and is used in the Sacraments. Persons unwittingly baptised by an imposter priest have historically been accepted into the Catholic Church simply by a Laying on of Hands. Lay hands on can also mean to put hands on a person to stir up a spiritual gift or empower them for ministry.
  • Low church: Originally stood for those English Christians who rejected the Anglican Church, i.e. the High church, but now stands for Christians who place a priority on personal salvation and a personal relationship with Jesus, rather than salvation by being a member of a particular church or congregation. See also Non-denominational Christianity.
  • Made right with God: Refers to the "reconciliation" of the believer with God. Can refer to an individual's initial religious conversion (see saved) or to a backslider's recovery of faith or principles. See also Atonement.
  • Mammon: money
  • Ministry: Not limited to those who are employed as pastors or church workers; expanded to include the compassionate interaction of Christian believers with those they care about and with their communities.
  • Root of all evil: money, reference to 1 Timothy 6:7-10.
  • Mission: Christian activities which serve the church or the community. This can include "outreach", "servant-evangelism" or any other activity which seeks to interest non-believers in Christianity. A mission may also refer to an establishment to spread Christianity to native populaces.
  • Mosaic Covenant: the original relationship between God and the Jews that was superseded by the New Covenant.
  • Number of the Beast: said to be 666, no wait, 616 ...
  • On fire for God: Excited about Christianity, especially "outreach" (see below).
  • Outreach: The process of taking the Christian message to people who are not Christians, usually with the connotation of doing so through servant-evangelism-like activities.
  • Paraclete: another name for the Holy Spirit.
  • Passion, The: term for the accounts of the Crucifixion of Jesus.
  • Physician, heal thyself: mind your own business.
  • Prodigal Son: the wild child who returns to the flock, see also Prodigal Son.
  • Raise Cain: or raise hell, to do the opposite of what your parents or minister tells you, reference to Cain and Abel.
  • Rapture: Some Christians believe that true Christians will be raptured up by Jesus when he returns from Heaven prior to the coming Armageddon.
  • Redeemed: The verb redeem is used in the sense of "purchase, ransom, rescue, free". The speaker believes that through his or her faith he or she has been "rescued" from the spiritual consequences of their actions or previous lack of belief. This is a fairly close synonym for saved, below. The idea of purchase is most clearly reflected in the phrase Redeemed by the blood, which refers to the doctrine of substitutionary atonement. Several popular hymns are built on this sense of the term.
  • Render unto Caesar...: to pay your taxes.
  • Resurrection of the dead: Teaching of Jesus that all the dead will be raised for the Last judgment at the Second Coming.
  • Revelation:A spiritual experience where the Christian gains a deeper understanding of who God is, usually through a divinely-inspired thought and/or feeling.
  • Road to Damascus: to have a conversion experience.
  • Roman's road: to use Paul's Epistle to the Romans for missionary work, certain verses are said to present a clear argument for conversion.
  • Sabbath: to take a day of rest.
  • Sanctified:The common dictionary definition is "to make holy or purify"; in Christianese this is usually applied to individuals rather than objects. Often a synonym for born again or saved.
  • Saved: Spared from the consequences of sin (i. e. Hell after death) by repentance and belief in Christ, submitting to him as Lord of one's life. Some Christians casually use "saved" as a synonym for "Christian".
  • Separate Sheep from Goats: to separate the good from the bad, reference to The Sheep and the Goats.
  • Servant-Evangelism: Demonstrations of charity, either (1) organized, such as a free car-wash, or (2) individual, such as paying for a stranger's meal) in order to demonstrate Christian principles through actions, attempting to arouse spiritual curiosity. See also Evangelical counsels.
  • Sharing: Sharing the Gospel, evangelism. Also simply imparting truth or passing on personal experience with God or Christian truth. When used as a noun (especially as the Sharing), the term refers to Communion in general and the love feast in particular.
  • Sign of the times: Current world events allegedly correlated with certain passages of the Bible (particularly the Book of Revelation, the Olivet discourse or The Sheep and the Goats), which are interpreted as prophecies indicating the second coming of Christ. See Christian eschatology, millennialism, dispensationalism, and Millerites. The phrase "signs of the times" entered the English language as a translation of Matthew 16:3 in the Tyndale Bible.
  • Sister: a fellow believer in Christ, female. In the Catholic Church, the title of sister may refer specifically to a nun. (See also Brother above.)
  • Slain in the Spirit. An experience in which some Christians believe that the physical power of God causes people to fall to the ground. See laying on of hands. This is an important part of Pentecostal and Charismatic beliefs, but it is not included in the doctrine of many other denominations.
  • Son of God: title of Jesus, but also a true Christian (Romans 8:14-19, Galatians 3:26...).
  • Son of perdition: a Christian curse, reference to an evil figure due to show up at the Apocalypse.
  • Spill Seed: reference to Onanism.
  • Stumbling: A term referring to a certain action or person that produces lustful thoughts (i.e. "That movie caused me to stumble").
  • Tempted: tempted to do evil, reference to Temptation of Christ.
  • Testify: According to John 18:37-38 Jesus came to testify to the truth. See truth.
  • Thorn in the flesh: a desire to do evil, reference to 2 Corinthians 12:7.
  • Tithe: to give a portion of your income, to pay a tax.
  • Truth: Pilate asked Jesus: "What is truth?" (John 18:37-38); but no answer was given.
  • Turning the other cheek: to be a pacifist.
  • Unchurched: an adjective describing a person who has not grown up in a Christian household or does not regularly attend church services. [3]
  • Unforgivable sin, The: Blasphemy of the Holy Spirit is unforgivable for eternity.
  • Vocation: In the Catholic church, a "vocation" is a calling to service, often used to refer particularly to a call to the clergy, but also to religious life, married life, or single life. The term is used in a similar manner in the Presbyterian Church, but generally refers to life calling in a broader sense: a person may have a vocation (spiritual calling) to be a minister, a teacher, construction worker, etc. The term "bivocational pastor/minister" refers to a clergyman who, in addition to his religious duties, holds outside employment as well (often where the church cannot afford to pay for full-time service).
  • Walk with God: The practice of applying Christian principles and beliefs to everyday life. See Deut 30:16. (From the Greek, περιπατεω, which can be translated into English as either "walk" or "live". Some English translations of the Bible sometimes made (arguably) the wrong choice, but many Christians were able to infer the actual meaning from context, and so this alternate meaning for walk became common.)
  • Whore of Babylon: derogatory term.
  • Witness or Witnessing: Telling someone how and why you are a Christian, generally on a one-to-one basis. Explaining the gospel and/or trying to persuade another person to believe it. See also Evangelism. Witness as a noun also refers to reputation, as in maintaining a respectable witness. The word testimony is also used in this way.
  • Works of the Law: Term used by Paul the Apostle (for example Romans 3:28) the meaning of which is still heavily debated today. Contrasted with James 2:24[1].

[edit] Criticism among Christians

Some Christians view some or all of these terms as cliches. The belief that Christianese has hindered the communication of the Christian message to the rest of the world has led some Christian writers to advocate the conscious removal of Christianese from believers' conversations and writing. Many have also come up with alternative terms and phrases that are theoretically more "religion-neutral". While the effectiveness of this strategy is undetermined, there is a feeling among some Christian communicators that this may be simply creating a condensed form of Christianese but failing to address the underlying issue of contextual understanding.

[edit] Christianese in popular culture

The appearance of Christianese in popular culture generally occurs in two forms: when it is actually used by writers to communicate (whether they are aware of it or not), or in parodical or satirical contexts.

Probably the most noticeable use of Christianese as satire is in The Simpsons character of Ned Flanders and his sons Rod and Tod. Though Ned's speaking style is littered with nonsensical phrases (like hi-diddly-ho) which are not related to Christianese, Ned also employs Christianese terms. For example, in the episode where Homer Simpson floods Springfield as a conceptual art project, Ned looks out his window and exclaims: "It's a miracle. The Lord has drowned the wicked and spared the righteous!". Rod and Tod show a quality of Christianese in the games that they play, such as The Good Samaritan, Clothe the Leper and Build the Mission.

Books and movies which engage Christianese as a literary style are commonly found in the Christian market. Arguably the most notable of these (and, indeed, most popular) are the Left Behind series by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins. This book series (currently made up of thirteen installments) is deeply rooted in dispensationalist theology and could be said to be written in Christianese (books eleven and twelve perhaps more so than the rest of the series). When the first three installments were adapted into motion pictures by the Christian film company Cloud Ten Pictures, the Christianese style of writing was folded into the dialogue, offering a clear example of Christianese in speech.

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

[edit] References

  1. ^ Philip Schaff's History of the Christian Church, book 7, chapter 4: "The most important example ..." James D. G. Dunn, Jesus, Paul and the Law: Studies in Mark and Galatians, Westminster/John Knox Press, 1990, chapter 8: "Works of the Law and the Curse of the Law"
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