Dictionary (software)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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 Dictionary running underMac OS X Leopard, showing Wikipedia's page on Wikipedia. |
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| Developed by | Apple Inc. |
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| Latest release | 2.0.1 / February 11, 2008 |
| OS | Mac OS X |
| Type | dictionary |
| Website | http://www.apple.com |
The Dictionary application, developed by Apple for its Macintosh computers, was introduced with Mac OS X v10.4 "Tiger". It provides definitions and synonyms from the New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd Edition and Oxford American Writers Thesaurus, 1st Edition.
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[edit] History
OS X's progenitor, OPENSTEP (and NEXTSTEP) provided similar functionality, called Digital Webster, providing dictionary and thesaurus definitions from Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary and Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus (termed the "First Digital Edition"). OPENSTEP Services provide lookup from all applications.
[edit] Functionality
In applications which support "Services", there is an option in the application menu (for example, Safari>Services>Look up in Dictionary) which brings up the Dictionary application and displays the definition of a selected word. Apple also included a Dashboard Widget for accessing the Dictionary application. The key combination ⌃ ⌘ D can be used in Cocoa applications which display text — it brings up a small contextual menu-like definition or synonym of the word under the cursor. OS X has a system wide spelling and grammar checker that the Dictionary vocabulary.
Mac OS X v10.5 introduced additional features. For example, it now includes the Japanese-language dictionary Daijisen, Progressive English to Japanese and Progressive Japanese to English dictionaries, and the 25,000-word thesaurus "Tsukaikata no Wakaru Ruigo Reikai Jiten" (使い方の分かる類語例解辞典?), all of which are provided by the Japanese publisher Shogakukan. Leopard also introduced the use of Wikipedia.
The dictionary and thesaurus in Dictionary are in an XML format, but make use of precompiled binary index files to access the XML file directly, excluding the option of expansion of the dictionary. The application's preferences allow a user to select from three different pronunciation schemes, either US English (Diacritical or IPA), or British English (IPA).
Software such as DictUnifier[1] can be used to add more dictionaries to the application.
[edit] Errata
- The lexicon of the English language spell checking services (which are also universally accessible in Cocoa applications) are not the same as the Dictionary's lexicon. Thus, the New Oxford American Dictionary 2nd Edition is not the basis for spell checking in Mac OS X "Tiger".
- Double clicking on any word searches for that word in the dictionary again; you can click on almost any word except the pronunciations in phonetic characters and numerals.
- Apple catches any queries to the
dict:///protocol, say from a web browser, and routes them back to the Dictionary application.
- In the Mac OS X v10.4 version, if you type in "democracy" in the widget, and then switch it to "thesaurus", you see a remark relating to Iraq. Some have claimed this was a political comment added by an Apple programmer; however, Oxford University Press has confirmed that this statement originates from their corpora, not Apple, and was not meant to have a political interpretation.[2].
[edit] Images
 Dictionary's new Wikipedia integration. |
