Bagh (garden)
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It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Charbagh. (Discuss) |
Bāgh, which usually translates to garden, refers to an enclosed area with permanent cultures (many types of trees and shrubs) as well as flowers. It is common to near-, middle- and south-eastern countries. It usually has Irano-Islamic architectural elements.
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[edit] Etymology
Bāgh (Persian: باغ) is a word common to Persian,[1] Kurdish, Lurish, Urdu and Azarbaijani and means garden and orchard, specifically one containing fruit- and flower-bearing trees.[2] In Persian, the plural of Bāgh is Bāgh-hā (باغها or باغ ها) and in kurdish, Baxan (بيغان).
In Armenian the word Bagh, pronounced Bakhg, means Garden or field. The Old Persian word Baga, or Bag, as in such word as Baghdād, means God [3][4] and should not be confused with Bāgh. Similarly for the Avestan word Bagh (note the difference between a and ā) and the Vedic Sanskrit word Bhag, both of which also mean God.[5]
The word Bāgh is encountered in both Pahlavi and Sogdian.[5] In Farizandi, Gilaki, Shahmirzadi and Sorkhei Bāk, and in Natanzi Bāg stand for Bāgh [5] (see Dialects of Central Iran).
The word Bāgh is often met in place-names in conjunction with a word in which the notion of garden is already implicit, such as Bāgh-e Ferdows, Bāgh-e Jannat and Bāgh-e Rezvān.[6]
Bāgh is also a constituent part of the place-name Karabagh (or Kārā-bāgh), which means Black Garden.
The Russian language utilizes the words bakhcha (бахча) and bakhchevye kultury (бахчевые культуры) to designate melons and gourds.
Use of Baag or Bageecha, signifying garden or yard [back yard or front yard], is very common in some Indian languages.
In Turkic, Bāgh also is the word for cord, string or rope, used in tying or bundling objects together.[5]
In Today's Turkish word BAĞ spelt and pronounced the same way as the instrument cord but relates to a garden/farm of grapes and grape trees. It also carries the same meaning in other Turkic Languages but may be pronounced slightly different.
[edit] Elements of a Bāgh
The elements of a Bāgh consist of the following:[citation needed]
Natural conditions and materials:
Man-made elements:
[edit] Important Bāghs
- Bāgh-e Ferdows
- Bāgh-e-Jinnah
- Bāgh-e-Fin
- Jallianwala-Bagh
- Chahar-Bagh
- Sikandar-Bagh
- Hazuri-Bagh
- Bagh-e-Melli
- Khusro-Bagh
- Ram-Bagh
- Lal-Bagh
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ W. Eilers; M. Bazin; W.L. Hanaway; N.H. Dupree. "Bāḡ". Encyclopaedia Iranica. http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/unicode/v3f4/v3f4a054.html. Retrieved 2008-04-15.[dead link]
- ^ Dehkhoda Dictionary (Loghat'nāmeh-ye Dehkhoda), Third Edition (Tehran University Press, 2006).
- ^ Baghdād can be interpreted as God-given. Here dā is the Old Persian word for Give.
- ^ Similarly, the place-name Bāku is considered to be an abbreviated form of the word Baghkuh, meaning Mount of God, or Mountain of God, where the Modern Persian word Kuh has its root in the Old Persian word Kaufa, Mountain.
- ^ a b c d Dehkhoda Dictionary, ibid.
- ^ Bāgh-e Rezvān is the name of a cemetery in Esfahan.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Farnoush Tehrāni, The meaning of the Persian garden, in Persian, Jadid Online, 12 Novembre 2009, [1].
• Audio slideshow: [2] (5 min 58 sec). - Farnoush Tehrāni, The face of the Persian garden, in Persian, 13 November 2009, [3].
• Audio slideshow: [4] (6 min 16 sec).
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