Burger King

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Burger King
Type Public (NYSE: BKC)
Founded December 4, 1954 in Miami, Florida, USA
Founder James McLamore and David Edgerton
Headquarters 5505 Blue Lagoon Drive,
Miami, Florida (actually in Fountainbleau, Florida)
Key people Brian Thomas Swette (Chairman)
John Chidsey (CEO)
Ben K. Wells (CFO)
Industry Restaurants
Products Fast Food
(hamburgers • chicken • french fries • soft drinks • milkshakes • salads • desserts • breakfast)
Revenue ▲$2.234 billion USD (2007)[1]
Operating income ▲$290.00 million USD (2007)[1]
Net income ▲$148 million USD (2007)[1]
Employees 37,001 (2006)[1]
Parent Burger King Holdings Inc.
Website burgerking.com
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Burger King (NYSE: BKC), often abbreviated to BK, is a global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants. The first restaurant was opened in Miami, Florida in 1954 by James McLamore and David Edgerton, and has since used several variations of franchising to expand its operations. Burger King Holdings is the parent company of Burger King; in the United States it operates under the Burger King Brands title while internationally it operates under the Burger King Corporation banner. It is a publicly traded company with investment firms of TPG Capital, L.P., Bain Capital, and Goldman Sachs each owning about 25% of the company.

At the end of its fiscal year 2007, Burger King reported that there are more than 11,300 outlets in 69 countries; 66% are in the United States and 90% are privately owned and operated. The company has more than 37,000 employees serving approximately 11.4 million customers daily.[2] In North America, franchises are licensed on a per store basis, while in several international locations licenses are sold on a regional basis with franchises owning exclusive development rights for the region or country. These regional franchises are known as master franchises, and are responsible for opening new restaurants, licensing new third party operators, and performing standards oversight of all restaurant locations in these countries. The largest example of a master franchise is Hungry Jack's, which exclusively owns, operates or sub-licenses over 300 restaurants in Australia.[3]

As with other multi-national corporations, Burger King has had its share of controversies and legal issues over the course of its existence. Issues have included trademark disputes, controversies with animal rights groups, health issues and labor relations. Several of its legal cases, particularly those cases involving trademarks and contractual law, have been precedent setting in their scope in the United States and abroad. Depending upon its ownership and executive staff at the time, its responses to controversial situations has varied from acceding to demands to refusal to concede its position regardless of the outcome.

The Burger King menu has evolved from a basic offering of burgers, fries, sodas and milkshakes in 1954 to a larger, more diverse set of offerings that includes several variations of chicken, fish, salads and breakfast. The Whopper, a sandwich that has since become Burger King's signature product, was the first major addition to the menu by Mr. McLamore in 1957.[4] Not all introductions have had the success of the Whopper; BK has introduced many products which failed to catch hold in the marketplace.[5][6][7] Some products that have failed in the US have seen success in foreign markets, where BK has also tailored its menu for regional tastes .[8][9]

The company's "Golden Age" of advertising was during the 1970s when it introduced its mascot the Magical Burger King, a memorable jingle, and several well known and parodied slogans. Beginning in the early 1980s, its advertising began to lose focus; a series of less successful ad campaigns created by various agencies continued for the next two decades.[10][11] In 2003, Burger King set about resuscitating its moribund advertising with the hiring of the Miami-based advertising agency of Crispin Porter + Bogusky (CP+B). They completely reorganized Burger King's advertising with a series of new advertisements centered around a resuscitated Magical Burger King character.[12][7]

Contents

Corporate profile

History

 Please help improve this section by expanding it
with: It needs more data on the 1970s to mid 1980s period.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.

Burger King's first restaurant, originally called Insta Burger King, was opened on December 4, 1954 in a suburb of Miami, Florida by James McLamore and David Edgerton; both alumni of the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration. McLamore visited the original McDonald's hamburger stand belonging to Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California; sensing potential in their innovative assembly line-based production system, he decided to create a version of his own. By 1959, BK had grown to five regional stores in and around the metropolitan Miami area. About this time, McLamore and Edgerton decided to expand BK nationally by using a franchising system; a popular method for expansion due to its low capital cost for the parent company. They formed Burger King Corporation as the parent and began selling territorial franchise licenses to private owners across the US.[13]

Company headquarters in Miami, Florida
Company headquarters in Miami, Florida
Restaurant in Redwood City, California
Restaurant in Redwood City, California

In 1967, after eight years of private operation, the Pillsbury Company acquired Burger King and its parent company Burger King Corporation. At the time of the purchase, BK had grown to 274 restaurants in the United States. Even though Pillsbury owned and operated the company, BK was still the object of a series of failed and successful acquisitions and divestitures. In 1973, Chart House, owner of 350 BK restaurants at the time and one of BK's largest franchise groups, attempted to purchase the chain from Pillsbury for $100 million (USD). When Chart House's bid failed, its owners, Billy and Jimmy Trotter, suggested that Pillsbury and Chart House spin off their respective Burger King holdings and merge the two entities into a separate company, an offer Pillsbury also declined. After the failed attempts to acquire BK, the relationship with Chart House and the Trotters began to sour; in 1979 BK successfully sued Chart House for improperly acquiring locations in Boston and Houston.[13] In 1984, Pillsbury purchased Chart House's successor DiversiFoods for $390 million (USD) after a separate, independent $525 million DiversiFoods management-backed leveraged buy-out of the company failed.[14][15]

BK, and former corporate siblings, Bennigan's, Steak and Ale, Godfather's Pizza (part of the DiversiFoods acquisition[16]), Quik Wok and Häagen Dazs ice cream shops, remained under the Pillsbury corporate umbrella until Pillsbury divested its restaurant holdings in 1989 and sold Burger King to British alcoholic beverage manufacturer and distributor Grand Metropolitan PLC. In 1989, under the ownership of Grand Met, Burger King acquired many locations of its major UK rival Wimpy when the parent company bought the Wimpy's brand from its previous owner United Biscuits and re-branded them as Burger King, giving it an even greater presence in that country. While other "Wimpy" locations are still in operation presently, they are now independent from BK and no longer have the presence they once did.[13] In 1997, Grand Metropolitan merged with Guinness to form a company called Diageo. Diageo maintained ownership of BKC until 2001 when Diageo decided to focus solely on their beverage products and divest itself of the chain.

By the time of the sale, Burger King's revenues and market share had declined significantly, Burger King had fallen to a near tie for second place with rival Wendy's in the US market for hamburger chain restaurants.[17] For many years leading into the early 2000s Burger King and its various owners plus many of its larger franchises closed many under-performing stores.[18] Several of its largest franchises entered bankruptcy due to the issues surrounding the performance of the brand.[19][20]

In 2002, a troika of private equity firms led by TPG Capital, L.P with associates Bain Capital and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners agreed to purchase BK from Diageo for $1.5 billion (USD),[13] with the sale becoming complete in December of that year.[21] The new owners, through several new CEOs, have moved to revitalize and reorganize the company, the first major move was to re-name the BK parent as Burger King Brands.[22] The investment group initially planned to take BK public within the two years of the acquisition, this was delayed until 2006. On February 1, 2006, CEO Greg Brenneman announced TPG's plans to turn Burger King into a publicly traded company by issuing an Initial Public Offering (IPO). On February 16, the company announced it had filed its registration for the IPO with the Securities and Exchange Commission. On May 18, 2006, Burger King began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol BKC and generated $425 million in revenue, the largest IPO of a US-based restaurant chain on record.[23]

International expansion

While BK began its foray in to locations outside of the continental United States in 1963 with a store in San Juan, Puerto Rico, it did not have a large international presence. This situation changed shortly after the acquisition when Pillsbury opened its first international restaurant in Canada in 1969. Other international locations followed soon after: Oceania in 1971 with Hungry Jack's and in Europe in 1975 with a restaurant in Madrid, Spain. Beginning in 1982, BK and its franchisees began operating stores in several East Asian countries, including Japan, Taiwan, Singapore and South Korea.[13] Due to high competition, all of the Japanese locations closed by the end of 2001. BK reentered the Japanese market in mid-2007.[24] BK's Central and South American operations began in Mexico in the late 1970s.[13] While Burger King lags behind McDonald's in international locations by over 12,000 stores, it has managed to become the largest chain in several countries including Mexico and Spain.[25] To assist in its international expansion, Burger King has established several subsidiaries to develop strategic partnerships and alliances to expand into new territories; in Europe, Burger King's subsidiary Burger King Europe GmbH is responsible for the licensing and development of BK franchises in the that market, Africa and Western Asia. In Asia, the BK AsiaPac, PTE. Ltd. business unit handles franchising for East Asia, the Asian subcontinent and all Oceanic territories except Australia.

Over the ten year period starting in 2008, Burger King sees 80% of its market share to be driven by foreign expansion, particularly in the Asia-Pacific and Indian subcontinent regional markets.[26] While the TPG-lead group has continued BK's international expansion by announcing plans to open new franchise locations in Eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East, and Brazil, the company plans to focus on the three largest markets, India, China and Japan.[27][28][29][30] The company plans to add over 250 stores in these Asian territories, as well as other countries such as Macau, by the end of 2012.[31] Its expansion into the Indian market has the company at a competitive disadvantage with other QSR vendors such as KFC because the country's large Hindu majority's aversion to beef. BK hopes to use their recent non-beef products, such as their TenderCrisp and TenderGrill sandwiches, as well as other products to help them overcome this hurdle to expand in that country.[26]

Today, Burger King is the second largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants in the world behind industry bellwether McDonald's (31,000 locations) and the fourth largest fast food restaurant chain overall after Yum! Brands (34,000 locations), McDonald's and Subway (28,400 locations).[32][33][34]

Key dates

  • 1954: James McLamore and David Edgerton establish Burger King Corporation.[13]
  • 1957: The Whopper is launched.[13]
  • 1958: BK releases its first TV advertisement.[35]
  • 1959: The company begins to expand through franchising.[13]
  • 1967: Burger King is sold to Pillsbury.[13]
  • 1977: Donald N. Smith is hired to restructure the firm's franchise system.[13]
  • 1982: Burger King claims its burgers taste better than its competition's (McDonald's and Wendy's) fried burgers.[13]
  • 1989: Grand Metropolitan plc acquires Pillsbury.[13]
  • 1997: The firm launches a $70 million french fry advertising campaign; Grand Metropolitan merges with Guinness to form Diageo plc.[13]
  • 2000: Diaego investigatea a possible IPO or sale of the company
  • 2001: A North American franchise group seeks to purchase the company
  • 2002: A group of investors led by Texas Pacific Group acquire Burger King.[13]
  • 2006: BKC, with the same stock symbol, goes public in an IPO.

Industry innovations

  • In the early 1970s, Burger King was the first fast-food restaurant to offer an enclosed and air-conditioned seating area.[36]

Franchises

Main article: Burger King franchises
Carrols Restaurant Group of New York is the largest franchisee.
Carrols Restaurant Group of New York is the largest franchisee.

When Burger King Corporation began franchising in 1967, it relied on a regional franchising model where franchisees would purchase the right to open stores within a defined geographic region. These franchise agreements granted BKC very little oversight control over its franchisees and resulted in issues of product quality control, store image and design and operations procedures.[13][37]

This model remained in place until 1978 when Donald Smith initiated a restructuring of all future franchising agreements, disallowing new owners from living more than one hour from their restaurants, preventing corporations from owning franchises and prohibiting franchisees from operating other chains. This new policy effectively limited the size of franchisees and prevented larger franchises from challenging Burger King Corporation as Chart House had.[37] Smith also sought to have BKC be the primary owner of new locations and rent or lease the restaurants to its franchises. This policy would allow the company to take over the operations of failing stores or evict those owners who would not conform to the company guidelines and policies.[13] However, by 1988 BKC parent Pillsbury had relaxed many of Smith's changes, scaled back on construction of new locations and stalling growth.[38] Neglect of Burger King by new owner Grand Met, and its successor Diageo, further hurt the standing of the brand, causing yet more financial damage to BK franchises.[39]

By 2001 and nearly eighteen years of stagnant growth, many of its franchises were in some sort of financial distress. The lack of growth severely impacted BKC's largest franchise, the nearly 400 store AmeriKing; by 2001 the company, which until this point had been struggling under a nearly $300 million debt load and been shedding store across the US, was forced to enter Chapter 11 bankruptcy.[40] The failure of AmeriKing deeply affected the value of the BKC, and put negotiations between Diaego and the TPC Capital-lead group on hold. The developments eventually forced Diaego to lower the total selling price of BKC by almost three quarters of a billion dollars.[41] After the sale, newly appointed CEO Bradley Blum initiated a program to help the roughly 20% of its franchises, including its four largest, who were in financial distress, bankruptcy or had ceased operations altogether.[42] Partnering with the California-based Trinity Capital, LLC, the company established the Franchisee Financial Restructuring Initiative, a program to address the financial issues facing BK's financially distressed franchisees. The initiative was designed to assist franchisees in restructuring their businesses in order to meet financial obligations, focus on restaurant operational excellence, reinvest in their operations and return to profitability.[43]

Individual owners also took advantage of the AmeriKing failure; one of BK's regional owners, Miami-based Al Cabrera, purchased 130 stores located primarily in the Chicago and the upper mid-west region, from the failed company for a bargain basement price of $16 million, or approximately 88% of their original value. The new company, which started out as Core Value Partners and eventually became Heartland Foods, also purchased 120 additional stores from distressed owners and completely revamped them. The resulting purchases made Mr. Cabrerra BKB's largest minority franchisee and Heartland one of BKH's top franchises.[44] By 2006, the company was valued at over $150 million, and was sold to New York-based GSO Capital Partners.[45] Other purchasers included a three way group of NFL athletes Kevin Faulk, Marcus Allen and Michael Strahan who collectively purchased 17 stores in the cities of Norfolk and Richmond, Virginia;[46] and Cincinnati-based franchisee Dave Devoy, who purchased 32 AmeriKing stores. After investing in new decor, equipment and staff retraining, many of the formerly failing stores have shown growth upwards of 20%.[39]

Legal issues

Main article: Burger King legal issues
The Hoots' family Burger King restaurant in Mattoon, Illinois.
The Hoots' family Burger King restaurant in Mattoon, Illinois.

As with other multi-national corporations, international fast food restaurant chain Burger King has had its share of controversies and legal issues over the course of its existence. Issues that involved a myriad of topics have affected all areas of the company; depending upon its ownership and executive staff at the time, its responses to these challenges has varied from acceding to demands to refusal to concede its position regardless of the outcome.

Trademark issues involving the similarly named Burger King in Mattoon, Illinois lead to a law suit whose outcome helped define the scope of the Lanham act in the US and an existing trademark held by a shop of the same name in Queensland forced the company to change its name in Australia.[47][3] Several legal decisions have set contractual law precedents in regards to long-arm statutes, the limitations of franchise agreements and ethical business practices; many of these decisions have helped define general business dealings that continue to shape the entire market place.[48][49]

Controversies and disputes with groups such as PETA over the welfare of animals, governmental and social agencies over health issues and unions and trade groups over labor relations have touched on concepts of animal rights, corporate responsibility and social justice.[50][51][52] Issues of cultural sensitivity have arisen in parts of the world that have caused problems in the different communities company serves.[53] How the company has responded to these controversies has draw praise from some and scorn from others.[54][55][56]

Charitable contributions and services

Burger King has several of its own in-house national charitable organizations and programs. The first is the Have It Your Way Foundation, a U.S.-based non-profit, 501(c)(3) corporation with multiple focuses on hunger alleviation, disease prevention and community education through scholarship programs at colleges in the US. The other charitable organization is the McLamore Foundation, also a non-profit, 501(c)(3) corporation that provides scholarships to students in the US and its territories.[57][58] Additionally, there is an optional literacy program that partners individual restaurants with community schools in the US.

In various regions across the United States, Burger King and its franchises have aligned themselves with several charitable organizations that support research and treatment of juvenile cancer. Each year these coalitions hold a fund raising drive called A Chance for Kids, which has the restaurants selling lottery-style scratch cards for $1. Each card produces a winning prize that is usually a food or beverage product, but includes items such as shopping sprees or trips. In the Northeast, BK has affiliated itself with the Major League Baseball team the Boston Red Sox and its charitable foundation, the Jimmy Fund. The group runs the contest in Boston, in the New York city area it operates the contest in association with the Burger King Children's Charities of Metro New York and the New York Yankees. Funds raised in these areas go to support the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute located in Boston.[59][60] In Nebraska, the company is affiliated with the Liz's Legacy Cancer Fund BK Beat Cancer for Kids program at the UNMC Eppley Cancer Center at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.[61] In the Pittsburgh region it funded the establishment of the Burger King Cancer Caring Center, a support organization for the patients, families and friends of cancer patients.[62]

Products

Main article: Burger King products
The Whopper sandwich, Burger King's signature product.
The Whopper sandwich, Burger King's signature product.

When the company began, its menu consisted predominantly of hamburgers, french fries, soft drinks, and desserts. In 1957, BK added its signature item, the Whopper. This quarter pound hamburger was created by Burger King founders James McLamore and David Edgerton as a way to differentiate BK from other burger outlets at the time. The sandwich became famous enough that BK eventually adopted the motto "Home of the Whopper."

One of Donald N. Smith's first changes to the menu was the addition of the Burger King Specialty sandwich line in 1979, which significantly expanded the breadth of the BK menu with many non-hamburger sandwiches including new chicken and fish offerings. The new specialty sandwich line was one of the first attempts to target a specific demographic, in this case adults 18-34, members of which would be willing spend more on a higher quality product.[63] One of Smith's other significant contribution to the menu was the addition of a breakfast product line, which until this time was not a market Burger King had entered.[63] Besides the addition of the Croissan'Wich in 1983, the breakfast menu remained almost identical to the McDonald's offerings until a menu revamp in 1985.[13] This expansion introduced BK's Am Express product line which added new products such as French toast sticks and Mini-muffins.

As the company expanded both inside and outside the US, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs. International variations add ingredients such as teriyaki or beetroot and fried egg to the Whopper,[64] beer in Germany, Italy and Spain, and halal or kosher products in the middle East and Israel.[65][66][67] To generate additional sales, BK will occasionally introduce limited time offers (LTOs) that are versions of its core products or new products intended for either long or short term sales. Items such as the Texas Double Whopper and various sandwiches made with mushrooms and Swiss cheese have been rotated in and out of its menu for several years while products such as its 1993 offering, a Meatloaf Specialty Sandwich and limited table service along with special dinner platters, failed to generate interest and were discontinued.[68]

A meal including small french fries, a Whopper, Jr., Barq's Root Beer, and packets of Heinz ketchup.
A meal including small french fries, a Whopper, Jr., Barq's Root Beer, and packets of Heinz ketchup.

In order to appeal to as many demographic groups as possible and better compete with its QSR competitor Wendy's, Burger King added a multi-tiered value menu in 1993 with items priced at 99¢, $1.99 and $2.99 (USD). The project called, Operation Phoenix, was an attempt to add not only a value menu but a line of value meals. The tiered menu was replaced with a more standard value menu in 1998, while the value meals were separated into their own menu segemnt.[69] This value menu featured seven products: Whopper Jr., 5 piece Chicken Tenders, a bacon cheeseburger, medium sized french fries, medium soft drink, medium onion rings and small shake. In 2002 and 2006, BK revamped its value menu adding and removing several different products such as chili and its Rodeo Cheeseburger.[70] Many of these items have since been discontinued, modified or relegated to a regional menu option.[71] To better appeal to a more adult palate and demographic, BK introduced several new products to its menu in 2003, including several new or revamped chicken products, a new salad line and its BK Joe brand of coffee. Some of the new products, including its Enormous Omelet Sandwich line and the BK Stacker line, brought negative attention due the large portion size, amounts of unhealthy fats and trans-fats.[72][73][74] Many of these products feature higher quality ingredients like whole chicken breast, Angus beef, natural cheeses such as cheddar and pepper jack, and other menu fare.[75][76] Again, not all these products, such as the BK Baguette line, have met corporate sales expectations.[7]

Advertising

Main article: Burger King advertising
The most recent version of the company mascot, The Burger King, from a 2006 commercial.
The most recent version of the company mascot, The Burger King, from a 2006 commercial.

Burger King has employed varied advertising programs, both successful and unsuccessful, since its foundation in 1954. During the 1970s, output included a memorable jingle, the inspiration for its current mascot the Burger King and several well known and parodied slogans such as Have it your way and It takes two hands to hold a Whopper.[77][78] Burger King introduced the first attack ad in the fast food industry with the help of then unknown Sarah Michelle Gellar in 1981. The television spot, which claimed BK burgers were larger than competitor McDonald's, so enraged executives at McDonald's parent company, they sued all parties involved.[79][80] Starting in the early 1980s and running through approximately 2001, BK engaged a series of ad agencies that produced many unsuccessful slogans and programs, including its biggest advertising flop Where's Herb?.[11][81]

Burger King was a pioneer in the advertising practice known as the product tie-in with a successful partnering with George Lucas' Lucasfilm, Ltd. to promote the 1977 movie Star Wars film Star Wars (later renamed Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope) in which BK sold a set of glasses featuring the main characters from the film. This promotion was one of the first in the fast food industry and set the pattern that continues to the present. BK's early success in the field was overshadowed by a 1982 deal between McDonald's and the Walt Disney Company to promote Disney's animated films beginning in the mid 1980s and running through the early 1990s. In 1994 Disney switched from McDonald's to Burger King, signing a ten film promotional contract which would include such top ten films as Aladdin (1992), Beauty and the Beast (1991), The Lion King (1994) and Toy Story (1995).[82] A partnership in association with the Pokémon franchise at the height of its popularity in 1999 was one of the most successful in the industry, rivaled only by McDonald's\Ty Beanie Babies cross-promotion in 1999-2000.[83]

Shortly after the acquisition of Burger King by TPG Capital, L.P. in 2002, its newly hired CEO Bradley (Brad) Blum set about turning around fortunes of the company by initiating an overhaul its flailing advertising programs. One of the first moves by the company was to reinstate its famous Have it your way slogan as the corporate motto. BK handed the effort off to its new advertising agency, Miami-based Crispin Porter + Bogusky (abbreviated as CP+B). CP+B was known for having a hip, subversive tack when creating campaigns for its clients, exactly what BK was looking for.[7][84] One of CP+B strategies was to revive the Burger King character used during BKs 1970s/1980s Burger King Kingdom children's advertising campaign as a caricatured variation now simply called "the King". The farcical nature of the Burger King centered advertisements inspired an internet meme where the King is photoshopped into unusual situations that are either comical or menacing, many times followed with the phrase Where is your God now?.

Additionally, CP+B created a series new characters like the Subservient Chicken and the faux nu-metal band Coq Roq featured in a series of viral web-based advertisements on sites such as MySpace and various BK corporate pages to compliment the various television and print promotional campaigns.[85][86][87] One of the more unique promotions that CP+B devised was the creation of a series of three advergames for the X-Box 360. Featuring company celebrity spokesman Brooke Burke, the games sold more than 2 million copies, placing them as one of the top selling games along with an another Xbox 360 hit, Gears of War.[88] These innovative ad campaigns, coupled with other new promotions and a series of new product introductions, drew considerable positive and negative attention to BK and helped TPG and its partners realize about $367 million in dividends.[89][90][91]

Logos

Evolution of the company logo


Original Burger King text logo from 1958		 Image:Sitting king logo.png
Vintage Burger King "sitting king" logo (1957–1960)
Original "bun halves" logo (1969–1994)
Revised "bun halves" logo (1994–1999)
Current "blue crescent" logo (1999–present)
Alternate version of the Sitting King logo used until 1968.
Alternate version of the Sitting King logo used until 1968.

The first logo that Burger King used is identified simply as the Sitting King logo; the first version of the Burger King character is shown sitting atop the of the sign holding a beverage. The sign has several versions, with the King either sitting atop a hamburger or on an inverted trapezoid with the company name along the top and its motto Home of the Whopper below it; some signs did not include the King and only had the inverted trapezoid. This logo was used in one form or another until 1969 when the famous Burger King "bun halves" logo made its debut, and has continued in one form or another until the current day. As implied by its name, the logo is meant to resemble a hamburger; the logo had two orange semi-circular "buns" surrounding the name, which was the "meat" of the logo. In 1994 BK updated the logo with a graphical tightening, replacing the aging "bulging" font with a smoother font with rounded edges. In addition, all secondary signing, such as roof and directional signs, was also updated with new rounded font.

In 1999, BK again revised its logo. The new Burger King logo is a stylized version of the original "bun halves" logo. BK changed the color of the restaurant's name from red to burgundy, while leaving them sandwiched between two yellow bun halves. The new logo also tilts the bun halves and the font on an axis, has a smaller "bun" motif and wraps the burger with a blue crescent whipping around the buns giving it a more circular appearance. Most restaurants did not acquire newer signs with the new logo, menus, and drive-thru ordering speakers until 2001. Again all secondary signage was updated with the new logo and sharp type face, and all sign posts were repainted to match the blue coloring of the new crescent from their original black.[92][93]

International variations


Hungry Jack's revised and current "bun halves" logo
Current logo in Arabic. Note that the logo is read from right to left.

The Hungry Jack's logo is based on the Burger King "bun halves" design. HJ currently uses a variation of the second generation "bun halves" logo, featuring the smoother font used in the Burger King logo from 1994. Currently, the only region that BK uses a non-Latin text logo is in the Middle East. In those Arabic speaking countries the logo is mirrored and uses Arabic characters; otherwise the logo is identical to the "blue crescent" logo used in the west.

International operations

Examples of Burger King's international operations:

(Listed alphabetically by country)
Camp Liberty, IraqAAFES location
Camp Liberty, Iraq
AAFES location
Leicester Square, London
Leicester Square, London
Shinjuku, Tokyo
Shinjuku, Tokyo
Seoul
Seoul
Złote Tarasy, Warsaw
Złote Tarasy, Warsaw
Cologne, Germany
Cologne, Germany
Countries with Burger King restaurants:
Countries with Burger King restaurantsKey:Red: Current BK countriesOrange: Former BK countriesYellow: Hungry Jack's countries
Countries with Burger King restaurants
Key:
Red: Current BK countries
Orange: Former BK countries
Yellow: Hungry Jack's countries

Burger King has a longstanding presence at U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force installations worldwide, dating back to the 1980s under a contract with Army and Air Force Exchange Service. Today, while other chains such as Taco Bell, Popeye's and Subway have a presence on military bases, virtually every major Army and Air Force installation hosts a BK restaurant.[2]

Countries currently with Burger King locations
Countries formerly with Burger King restaurants

See also

Other hamburger QSR vendors:

Franchisees

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Matthew Saucedo. Burger King Holdings, Inc.. Hoovers. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
  2. ^ a b BKC publication (October 2007). BKC 2007 Annual Report (PDF). Burger King Holdings. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. “11,283 Restaurants in 69 countries and territories”
  3. ^ a b Restaurant Business News (2003-05-30). Burger King Re-flags Australian Stores. AllBusiness.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-29.
  4. ^ BKC press release (2002-02-08). Burger King Celebrates As The WHOPPER Turns 45. BizJournals on Bison.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-22.
  5. ^ Gerald Etter. "Burger King Delivers.", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1992-09-23. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. 
  6. ^ BKC press release (2001-01-18). Burger King Corporation to Launch BK Back Porch(TM) Griller Sandwiches. PRNewswire.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-22.
  7. ^ a b c d Bruce Horovitz (2004-03-22). Burger King zaps menu, image. USA Today. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
  8. ^ BK Taiwan dessert menu featuring turnover-style pies
  9. ^ BK Taiwan menu featuring chicken thigh meat sandwiches
  10. ^ TVAcres.com. Advertising Mascots, Herb the Nerd. tvacres.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  11. ^ a b Herb Comes Out of Hiding. Time Magazine (1986-02-03). Retrieved on 2004-10-24.
  12. ^ BKC press release (2006-01-13). Burger King Corporation Selects Crispin Porter + Bogusky As Lead Creative Advertising Agency. HispanicBusiness.com.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r FundingUniverse.com. History of Burger King Corporation. Answers.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  14. ^ Rick Telberg (1985-09-09). How Pillsbury 'stole' DiversiFoods for just $390 million. Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved on 2007-08-24.
  15. ^ DiversiFoods Net. New York Times (1984-12-12). Retrieved on 2007-08-24.
  16. ^ David Zuckerman (1984-07-24). Hyde leaves DiversiFoods-BK; Bolton takes reins as president. Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved on 2007-08-24.
  17. ^ Daniel Gross (2004-06-24). What's wrong with Burger King. Slate.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  18. ^ Calvin Sims (1988-01-08). Pillsbury restaurants cutbacks set. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  19. ^ Anthony Palazzo (2001-08-21). Franchisee of Burger Chain Files Chap. 11. Los Angeles Business Journal. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  20. ^ Big Burger King Franchise chain files for bankruptcy. The New York Times (2002-12-05). Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  21. ^ Mark Trumbull (2006-11-13). Are private buyouts good for the economy?. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  22. ^ Grace Wong (2006-05-12). Burger King IPO set to fire up. CNN Money. Retrieved on 2007-09-30.
  23. ^ Matt Krantz (2006-05-19). Burger King's IPO declared 'a success'. USA Today. Retrieved on 2007-09-30.
  24. ^ Yuri Kageyama (2007-06-08). Burger King back in Japan after 6 years. QSR Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
  25. ^ Knowledge@Emory (2007-11-15). Burger King CEO John Chidsey on Innovation, Trust, and "The King". Emory University. Retrieved on 2008-03-01. “Burger King will soon overtake McDonalds in Mexico, has already surpassed as of September 30 2007 its top competitor in Spain and is looking to be a worthy competitor in other areas.”
  26. ^ a b Nicola Becker (2007-09-04). Burger King aiming for Asian expansion. Euromonitor International. Retrieved on 2008-03-01. “Burger King has said it expects 80% of future growth to come from international expansion, with Asia playing a leading role.”
  27. ^ BKC press release (2007-03-17). The BURGER KING Brand Enters Poland. Burger King Holdings. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
  28. ^ Maria Levitov (2006-05-05). Burger King Mulls Franchises. the St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
  29. ^ Hana International Company Ltd. press release (2007-03-29). Burger King increases number of restaurants in UAE. AMEInfo.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
  30. ^ Business Wire (2007-03-29). Burger King® To Expand in Egypt. Find Article.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
  31. ^ Bloomberg (2007-06-07). Burger King May Add 250 Asia Stores Within Five Years. Franchise Business Opportunities. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
  32. ^ a b Joe Bramhall. McDonald's Corporation. Hoovers.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-23.
  33. ^ Joe Bramhall. YUM! Brands, Inc.. Hoovers.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-23.
  34. ^ Subway publication (2007). SUBWAY® Chain Facts. Subway Restaurants. Retrieved on 2007-09-23.
  35. ^ History of Branding. History of Burger King. Inkblot Communications. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  36. ^ "Big Burger Business: McDonald's and Burger King". Heavyweights. Food Network. 2008-04-21. No. 3, season 2.
  37. ^ a b Ester Reiter (March 1996). Making Fast Food: From the Frying Pan Into the Fryer, 2nd edition. McGill-Queen's University Press, 64. ISBN 0773513876. Retrieved on 2008-04-06. “Burger King's early franchising arrangements proved to be troublesome” 
  38. ^ Eric N. Berg (1988-11-04). Burger King's Angry Franchises. the New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-04-06. “The franchisees complain that, in recent years, the chain's growth has come almost entirely from the franchisees, not from the corporation.”
  39. ^ a b Shelly Reese (2005-02-04). It was broken, and new owner's fixing it. the Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved on 2008-04-12.
  40. ^ Jo Napolitano (2002-12-22). A Fighter for Burgers and Fries. the New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-04-06. “The AmeriKing bankruptcy has added uncertainty to the prospects for Burger King, which relies heavily on franchise owners of its restaurants.”
  41. ^ Phyllis Berman (2003-04-15). Burger King's Flame-Broiled Future. Forbes Magazine. Retrieved on 2006-04-06. “The all-cash deal was originally pegged at $2.2 billion but got negotiated down to just $1.5 billion.”
  42. ^ Elaine Walker (2002-01-03). Burger King bolstering its many weak franchisees.. Knight-Ridder. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  43. ^ BKH press release (2003-02-03). Burger King Launches Franchisee Financial Restructuring Initiative. Burger King Holdings on Bison.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  44. ^ BK franchisee-led group buys 131 AmeriKing units. Nations Restaurant News (2003-12-15). Retrieved on 2008-04-12]].
  45. ^ Major Burger King Franchisee To Sell 240 Restaurants. the Miami Herald (2006-12-17). Retrieved on 2008-04-12.
  46. ^ Keith Reed (2007-08-17). Faulk joins other black athletes to buy Burger King franchises. the Boston Globe. Retrieved on 2008-04-12.
  47. ^ John Jermaine (2003-11-20). The burger king and queen of Mattoon. the Illinois Times. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
  48. ^ 471 U.S. 462. Findlaw (1985-05-20). Retrieved on 2008-03-04.
  49. ^ Christopher D. Peloso (2007-05-19). Burger King v. Rudzewicz. Retrieved on 2008-03-04.
  50. ^ Gale Group (2008-02-11). PETA Praises Safeway for Adopting New Industry-Leading Animal Welfare Policies. Business Wire. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. “June 2001: Following PETA's six-month "Murder King" campaign, Burger King agrees to adopt standards that are in some areas better than those adopted by McDonald's.”
  51. ^ AP Wire (2007-05-17). Burger King responds to trans-fat cooking oil suit. CTV. Retrieved on 2007-09-28.
  52. ^ AP Wire (2006-11-16). Spain Nixes Burger King Ad. CBS News. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
  53. ^ John Innes (2005-09-07). Burger King recalls 'sacrilegious' desserts. Scotsman.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
  54. ^ Julia Goldman (1999-09-01). Dumping West Bank store puts Burger King in a pickle. The Jewish News Weekly. Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
  55. ^ Andrew Martin (2007-03-28). Burger King Shifts Policy on Animals. the New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. “In what animal welfare advocates are describing as a "historic advance," Burger King, the world’s second-largest hamburger chain, said yesterday that it would begin buying eggs and pork from suppliers that did not confine their animals in cages and crates.”
  56. ^ AP Wire. "Burger King Offers Cage-Free Food.", Associated Press, 2007-03-28. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. 
  57. ^ the HIYW foundation. Burger King Holdings. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
  58. ^ the McLamore Foundation. Burger King Holdings. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
  59. ^ Burger King A Chance for Kids. The Jimmy Fund (2007-07-01). Retrieved on 2007-09-28.
  60. ^ Burger King Children's Charities of Metro New York to help Small Fries become Large Fries. The Jimmy Fund (2002-07-26). Retrieved on 2008-03-29.
  61. ^ BK Beat Cancer for Kids. University of Nebraska Medical Center. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. “The BK Beat Cancer for Kids Program was established through the generosity of Burger King Restaurants and is one of many outreach and fundraising programs benefiting Liz’s Legacy , the Fund to Advance Cancer Research at the UNMC Eppley Cancer Center.”
  62. ^ Burger King Cancer Caring Center. Retrieved on 2007-09-28.
  63. ^ a b John A. Jakle; Keith A. Sculle (1999). Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age, Douglas Pappas, JHU Press, 119. ISBN 080186920X. “To appeal to the growing adult market, "Specialty Sandwiches" were introduced, including chicken, fish and ham and cheese.” 
  64. ^ the History of Burgers. worldsgreatesthamburgers.com. Retrieved on 2008-03-28. “The Hungry Jacks "Aussie Burger" has tomato, lettuce, onion, cheese, bacon, beetroot, egg, ketchup and a meat patty.”
  65. ^ Prima-Agri to Produce Halal Beef for Regional Fast Food Chains. The Halal Journal (200-10-10). Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
  66. ^ Press release (2004-05-02). Burger King® UAE launches the king of all burgers across the UAE. Zawya.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
  67. ^ The Kosher Whopper Boosts Burger Sales in Israel.. AllBusinees.com (2000-07-01). Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
  68. ^ Glenn Collins (1997-08-28). As Business Gets Lean, a Big King Dares Big Mac. New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
  69. ^ AP Wire (1998-03-17). Burger King Debuts New 99¢ 'Great Tastes' Menu. The Kansas City Star. Retrieved on 2007-10-09.
  70. ^ Burger King promotes new menu. South Florida Business Journal (2002-09-12). Retrieved on 2007-10-09.
  71. ^ BKC publication (July 2007). US Regional Menu Nutritional Brochure (PDF). Burger King Holdings. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  72. ^ Herb Weisbaum (2006-07-06). Burger King Launches Line Of Jumbo High-Rise Burgers. KOMO Radio (Seattle, WA). Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  73. ^ Bruce Horovitz (2005-05-03). Burger King to offer whopper of a breakfast sandwich. USA TODAY. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  74. ^ Heather Lalley (2005-09-06). Word of the day: Meat'Normous. the Spokesman Review (Spokane, WA). Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
  75. ^ The Gale Group (2004-08-04). Chains beef up with Black Angus. Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved on 2007-07-16.
  76. ^ Kevin Newcomb (2004-10-07). Burger King's Back With New Buzz. ClickZ.com. Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
  77. ^ BKC publication (2007-03-12). Marketing and Advertising History. Burger King Holdings. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  78. ^ Shep Hyken (2006-05-26). Customer service and more. BlogSpot. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.
  79. ^ Sarah Michelle Gellar. NNDB.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-02.
  80. ^ Sarah Michelle Gellar Bio. CelebrityPro.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-02.
  81. ^ Mark Schoifet (1986-01-01). Herb falls flat, but Wendy's breaks another winner. Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  82. ^ Burger King Corporation, Turnaround under Grand Met in the 1990s. FundingUniverse.com. Retrieved on 2007-11-26.
  83. ^ Jason Kandel (1999-11-12). " Kids swarm Burger King as Pokémon-mania strikes. Los Angeles Daily News. Retrieved on 2007-12-02.
  84. ^ Burger King Corporation Selects Crispin Porter + Bogusky As Lead Creative Advertising Agency. HispanicBusiness.com (23 January 2006).
  85. ^ Burger King in MySpace campaign. Mad.co.uk (2006-05-13). Retrieved on 2007-08-27.
  86. ^ Peter Delegge (2005-07-31). Burger King Goes Tasteless. MarketingToday.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
  87. ^ Robyn Tippins (2006-08-03). Burger King's Table Guests. AllBusiness.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
  88. ^ Coola (2006-12-21). More than 2 Million Games Sold Nationwide.... XBox365.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-27.
  89. ^ CP+B website, ://Work section.. Crispin Porter + Bogusky. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  90. ^ B.L. Ochman (2004-04-12). Burger King Has Fun With Subservient Chicken Viral Campaign. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
  91. ^ Evelyn Nussenbaum (2007-04-23). Is Burger King Perverting Children?. Madisdon Avenue*West. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
  92. ^ Burger King Logo. LogoBlog.org. Retrieved on 2008-03-10. “In 1969, Burger King established its famous Burger King “bun halves” logo that lasted till early 1990s.”
  93. ^ BKC press release (1999-04-14). Burger King Shares Extensive Transformation Plans. BizJournals on Bison.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-09.
  94. ^ Joe Bramhall. Wendy's International, Inc.. Hoovers.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-26.

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