Gospel harmony

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This article is about attempts to merge, or harmonize, the Christian canonical gospels into a single gospel account. For harmony in Christian Gospel music, see Gospel music.
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 It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Chronology of Jesus. (Discuss)

A gospel harmony is an attempt to merge or harmonize the canonical gospels into a single gospel account, a famous ancient example being the Diatesseron. A gospel harmony may also establish a chronology for the events of the life of Jesus depicted in the four canonical gospels and how they relate to each other. Under modern scholarship, the effort has waned to portray any one order of events as totally correct.

The unique material of each gospel complicates the discernment of one, harmonized chronology. However, others consider the unique material crucial to narrowing down the possible chronological order. Some scholars have questioned the historicity of events in the canonical gospels.

The following table, mainly events for which there is also an article, is an example of a harmony. The order of events, especially during the ministry period, has been the subject of speculation and scholarly debate. While this harmony compares the work of several scholars, other harmonies may differ substantially on the placement of some events.


Number Type Event Matthew Mark Luke John Other
0.5 Nativity Genealogy of Jesus Matthew 01:02-16 Luke 01:05-25 1Chr 03:10-19
1 Nativity Gabriel announces John's
birth to Zechariah		 Luke 01:05-25
2 Nativity Gabriel announces Mary's
motherhood to Jesus		 Matthew 01:18 Luke 01:26-38
3 Nativity Mary visits Elizabeth Luke 01:39-56
4 Nativity Birth of Jesus: The Nativity Matthew 01:25b Luke 02:01-7
5 Nativity Adoration of the Shepherds Luke 02:08-20
6 Nativity Infant Jesus at the Temple Luke 02:21-38
7 Nativity Star of Bethlehem Matthew 02:01-2
8 Nativity Adoration of the Wise Men Matthew 02:03-12
9 Nativity Flight into Egypt Matthew 02:13-15
10 Nativity Massacre of the Innocents Matthew 02:16-18
11 Herod the Great's death Matthew 02:19-20
12 Ministry Return to Nazareth Matthew 02:21-23 Luke 02:39b
13 Boy Jesus at Jerusalem Luke 02:41-51
14 Pilate appointed Iudaea governor
15 Baptism of Jesus Matthew 03:13-17 Luke 03:21-23a
16 [1] Temptation of Jesus Matthew 04:1-11 Mark 01:12-13 Luke 04:1-13
17 [1] Miracles Wedding at Cana John 02:1-12
18 [1] Ministry Temple Cleansing John 03:1-21
19 [1] Ministry Jesus & Nicodemus John 02:13-25
20 [1] Ministry Jesus returns to Galilee Matthew 04:12 Mark 01:14a John 04:1-3
21 [1] Ministry Samaritan Woman at the Well John 04:4-42
22 [1] Ministry Rejection of Jesus, Physician, heal thyself Matthew 04:13-16 Luke 04:16-31
23 [1] Ministry Calling of Matthew Matthew 09:09 Mark 02:13-14 Luke 05:27-28
24 [2] Parables New Wine into Old Wineskins Matthew 09:10-17 Mark 02:15-22 Luke 05:29-39
25 [1] Ministry Commissioning the Twelve Matthew 10:2-4 Mark 03:13-19 Luke 06:12-19 Acts 01:13
26 [1] Sermon on the Mount or on the Plain Beatitudes Matthew 05:03-12 Luke 06:20-23
27 [1] Sermon on the Mount or on the Plain Expounding of the Law Matthew 05:17-48 Luke 06:29-42
28 [1] Sermon on the Mount Discourse on Ostentation Matthew 06:01-18
29 [1] Sermon on the Mount The Lord's Prayer Matthew 06:09-13
30 [1] Sermon on the Mount The Birds of Heaven Matthew 06:25-34
31 [1] Sermon on the Mount Discourse on the Two Ways Matthew 07:13-27
32 [1] Sermon on the Mount or on the Plain Discourse on Judging Matthew 07:1-5 Luke 06:41-42
33 [1] Sermon on the Mount The Test of a Good Person Matthew 07:15-20
34 [1] Sermon on the Mount or on the Plain Parable of the Wise and the Foolish Builders Matthew 07:24-27 Luke 06:47-49
35 Miracles Widow’s Son at Nain Raised Luke 07:11-17
36 Parables Parable of the Two Debtors
at a Pharisees' House		 Luke 07:36-50
37 [3] Parables Parable of the Strong Man Matthew 12:25-29 Mark 03:23-27
38 [3] Ministry Jesus' True Relatives Matthew 12:46-50 Mark 03:31-35
39 [1] Parables Parable of the Sower Matthew 13:1-23 Mark 04:1-25 Luke 08:04-18
40 [1] Parables Parable of the Tares Matthew 13:24–53
41 [1] Parables Parable of the Growing Seed Mark 04:26-34
42 [1] Parables Parable of the Hidden Treasure Matthew 13:44
43 [1] Parables Parable of the Pearl Matthew 13:45
44 [1] Parables Parable of Drawing in the Net Matthew 13:47–53)
45 [1] Miracles Legion (demon) Matthew 08:28-9:1 Mark 05:1-21 Luke 08:26-40
46 Miracles Daughter of Jairus Matthew 09:18-26 Mark 05:22-43 Luke 08:41-56
47 Ministry Rejection of Jesus Matthew 13:54-58 Mark 06:1-6a
48 [1] Ministry Beheading of St. John the Baptist Matthew 14:06-12 Mark 06:21-29
49 [2] Ministry But to bring a sword Matthew 10:34-36
50 Miracles Feeding the multitude Matthew 14:13-21 Mark 06:30-44 Luke 09:10-17 John 06:1-14
51 Miracles Walking on water Matthew 14:22-36 Mark 06:45-46 John 06:15-21
52 Miracles The Blind Man of Bethsaida Mark 08:22-26
53 Ministry Confession of Peter Matthew 16:13-20 Mark 08:27-30 Luke 09:18-21
54 Miracles Transfiguration of Jesus Matthew 17:1-13 Mark 09:02-13 Luke 09:28-36
55 Parables Parable of the Unmerciful Servant Matthew 08:21-22 Luke 09:57-62
56 [1] Ministry The Little Children Matthew 18:01-6 Mark 09:33b-37 Luke 09:46-48
57 [2] Ministry Jesus and the woman taken in adultery John 08:02-11
58 [2] Ministry The Good Shepherd (Christianity) John 10:1-21
59 [1] Ministry Seventy Disciples Luke 10:1-12,16-24
60 [1] Parables Parable of the Good Samaritan Luke 10:25-37
61 Ministry Visits Martha and Mary Luke 10:38-42
62 Ministry The Lord's Prayer Luke 11:02-4
63 [4] Parables Parable of the Strong Man Luke 11:17-22
64 [4] Ministry Jesus' True Relatives Luke 11:27-28
65 [4] Ministry The Rich Fool Luke 12:16-21
66 [4] Ministry The Birds of Heaven Luke 12:22-34
67 [4] Parables Parable of the Faithful Servant Luke 12:35-48
68 [1] Parables Parable of the Friend at Night Luke 11:05-10
69 [1] Parables Parable of the Mustard Seed Luke 13:18-19
70 Parables Parable of the Leaven Luke 13:20-21
71 Parables Parable of the Lost Sheep Matthew 18:12-14 Luke 15:01-7
72 Parables Parable of the Lost Coin Luke 15:08-10
73 Parables Parable of the Prodigal Son Luke 15:11-32
74 Parables Parable of the Unjust Steward Luke 16:1-15
75 Parables Lazarus and Dives Luke 16:19-31
76 [5] Miracles Raises Lazarus from the dead; Jesus wept John 11:1-44
77 Parables Parable of the Unjust Judge Luke 18:01-8
78 Parables Pharisee and the Publican Luke 18:09-14
79 Ministry The Little Children Matthew 19:13-15 Mark 10:13-16 Luke 18:15-17
80 Ministry Evangelical counsels Matthew 19:10-22 Mark 10:17-22 Luke 18:18-25
81 [1] Parables Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard Matthew 20:1-16
82 Ministry The Master and Servant
83 [1] Miracles Bartimaeus (Biblical) Matthew 20:29-34 Mark 10:46-52 Luke 18:36-43
84 Ministry Talks to Zacchaeus Luke 19:2-28
85 Ministry The Triumphal Entry Matthew 21:1-11,14-17 Mark 10:46b-52 Luke 19:29-44 John 12:12-19
86 Miracles Figs in the Bible Matthew 21:18-19 Mark 11:1-11
87 [1] Ministry The Grain of Wheat Mark 11:15-18 John 12:24-26
88 Parables Parable of the Two Sons Matthew 21:28-32 Mark 11:27-33 Luke 20:09-19
89 Parables Parable of the Wicked Husbandmen
90 Parables Parable of the Wedding Feast Matthew 22:1–14
91 Ministry Render unto Caesar... Matthew 22:15-22 Mark 12:1-12x Luke 20:20-26
92 Ministry Woes of the Pharisees Matthew 23:1-39 Mark 12:35-37a Luke 20:45-47
94 Olivet Discourse Second Coming Prophecy Matthew 24:1-31 Mark 12:41-44 Luke 21:05-28
95 Olivet Discourse:
Parables		 Parable of the Ten Virgins Matthew 24:32-25:46 Mark 13:1-27 Luke 21:29-36
96 Olivet Discourse:
Parables		 Parable of the Talents Matthew 25:14-30
97 Olivet Discourse:
Parables		 The Sheep and the Goats Matthew 25:31–46
98 [1] Ministry Anointing Matthew 26:01-16 Mark 14:03-9 Luke 22:1-6 John 12:02-8
99 [1] Ministry Last Supper Matthew 26:26-29 Mark 14:18-21 Luke 22:17-20
100 [1] Ministry Promising a ParacleteGethsemane John 15:1-16:33
101 [1] The Passion The kiss of Judas Matthew 26:47-49 Mark 14:43-45 Luke 22:47-48 John 18:02-9
102 [1] The Passion Arrest of Jesus Matthew 26:50-56 Mark 14:46-52 Luke 22:49-53 John 18:10-12
103 The Passion Sanhedrin Trial of Jesus Matthew 27:1-2 Mark 14:54,66-72 Luke 22:66-23:1 John 18:28a
104 The Passion Crucifixion of Jesus Matthew 27:27-44 Mark 15:1 Luke 23:26-43 John 19:16-27
105 The Passion Blood curse
106 The Passion Crucifixion eclipse Matthew 27:45-56 Mark 15:2-5 Luke 23:44-49 John 19:28-37
107 The Passion Descent from the Cross Matthew 27:57-61 Mark 15:33-42a Luke 23:50-56 John 19:38-42
108 Resurrection
Appearances		 Resurrection of Jesus Matthew 28:01-10 Luke 24:1-8 John 20:01-02
109 Resurrection
Appearances		 Jesus: Empty tomb Mark 16:01-7 John 20:03-10
110 Resurrection
Appearances		 Mary Magdalene, Myrrhbearers Mark 16:08-11 Luke 24:09-12
111 Resurrection
Appearances		 Noli me tangere
112 Resurrection
Appearances		 Doubting Thomas Mark 16:12-18 Luke 24:13-49 John 20:19-29
113 Resurrection
Appearances		 Catch of 153 fish Matthew 28:16 John 21:1-24
114 Resurrection
Appearances		 Great Commission Matthew 28:17-20
115 Resurrection
Appearances		 Ascension of Jesus Mark 16:19-20 Luke 24:50-53 Acts 01:3-12
116 Pentecost
117 Conversion of Paul
118 Persecution of Christians in the New Testament
119 Chronology of Revelation

[edit] References

This article incorporates work from A Harmony of the Gospels in Greek by Edward Robinson, a publication now in the public domain.
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am This placement of follows Edward Robinson: A Harmony of the Gospels in Greek, Revised Ed., pub. by Crocker & Brewster and Orville Daniel: "A Harmony of the Four Gospels", 2nd Ed., pub. by Baker Books
  2. ^ a b c d This placement of follows Orville Daniel: A Harmony of the Four Gospels, 2nd Ed., Baker Books Pub. and R. Thomas & S. Gundry: The NIV Harmony of the Gospels, HarperCollins Pub. but is placed later by Edward Robinson: A Harmony of the Gospels in Greek, Revised Ed., pub. by Crocker & Brewster
  3. ^ a b This placement of follows Orville Daniel: A Harmony of the Four Gospels, 2nd Ed., Baker Books Pub. and R. Thomas & S. Gundry: The NIV Harmony of the Gospels, HarperCollins Pub. but Luke 11:17-28 is placed with it by Edward Robinson: A Harmony of the Gospels in Greek, Revised Ed., pub. by Crocker & Brewster
  4. ^ a b c d e This placement of follows Orville Daniel: A Harmony of the Four Gospels, 2nd Ed., Baker Books Pub. and R. Thomas & S. Gundry: The NIV Harmony of the Gospels, HarperCollins Pub. but it is placed with Mark 3:23-35 by Edward Robinson: A Harmony of the Gospels in Greek, Revised Ed., pub. by Crocker & Brewster
  5. ^ This placement of follows Orville Daniel: A Harmony of the Four Gospels, 2nd Ed., Baker Books Pub. and R. Thomas & S. Gundry: The NIV Harmony of the Gospels, HarperCollins Pub. but is placed earlier by Edward Robinson: A Harmony of the Gospels in Greek, Revised Ed., pub. by Crocker & Brewster
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