From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[edit] Modern Turkic Countries
[edit] Independent states
[edit] Autonomous Turkic republics in Russia
[edit] Other autonomous republics in the Russian Federation
These republics have a small Turkic minority and official language is a Turkic language.
[edit] Other autonomous Turkic regions
[edit] Former and defunct countries
[edit] Historical kingdoms and empires
The following listed kingdoms and empires were at some time ruled by Turkic kings/khans/shahs or other dynasties. Mentioning of any particular entity in this place should not be read to mean that the entity as a whole was Turkic or even had more than a significant minority of Turkic subjects.
[edit] Turco-Mongol and Turkic Persianate
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[edit] Turkic States in Eastern Europe
[edit] See also
- ^ Recognized only by Turkey, see Cyprus dispute.
- ^ Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis of a 2,000-year-old necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongolia Keyser-Tracqui C., Crubezy E., Ludes B. American Journal of Human Genetics 73, 247-260 (August 2003) (Am J Hum Genet. 2003 August; 73(2): 247–260.)
- ^ All Empires
- ^ Ancient DNA Tells Tales from the Grave Nancy Touchette "Skeletons from the most recent graves also contained DNA sequences similar to those in people from present-day Turkey. This supports other studies indicating that Turkish tribes originated at least in part in Mongolia at the end of the Xiongnu period."
- ^ A. Vovin, "Did the Xiongnu speak a Yeniseian language?", Central Asiatic Journal 44/1 (2000), pp. 87-104.
- ^ Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen. The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture. University of California Press, 1973
- ^ Otto Maenchen-Helfen, Language of Huns
- ^ a b M.A. Amir-Moezzi, "Shahrbanu", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK): "... here one might bear in mind that non-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints ..."
- ^ Muhammad Qāsim Hindū Šāh Astarābādī Firištah, "History Of The Mohamedan Power In India", Chapter I, "Sultān Mahmūd-e Ghaznavī", p.27: "... "Sabuktegin, the son of Jūkān, the son of Kuzil-Hukum, the son of Kuzil-Arslan, the son of Fīrūz, the son of Yezdijird, king of Persia. ..."
- ^ K.A. Luther, "Alp Arslān" in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK): "... Saljuq activity must always be viewed both in terms of the wishes of the sultan and his Khorasanian, Sunni advisors, especially Nezām-al-molk ..."
- ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (LINK): "... Because the Turkish Seljuqs had no Islamic tradition or strong literary heritage of their own, they adopted the cultural language of their Persian instructors in Islam. Literary Persian thus spread to the whole of Iran, and the Arabic language disappeared in that country except in works of religious scholarship ..."
- ^ O.Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK)
- ^ M. Ismail Marcinkowski, Persian Historiography and Geography: Bertold Spuler on Major Works Produced in Iran, the Caucasus, Central Asia, India and Early Ottoman Turkey, with a foreword by Professor Clifford Edmund Bosworth, member of the British Academy, Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 2003, ISBN 9971-77-488-7.
- ^ Boris Grekov and Alexander Yakubovski, "The Golden Horde and its Downfall"
- ^ Abbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831-1896, I.B.Tauris, pp 2-3
- ^ of original Turkic descent<ref>Richard N. Frye and Lewis V. Thomas. ''The United States and Turkey and Iran'', Harvard University Press, 1951, p. 217</li></ol></ref>
[edit] External links
