Las Vegas, Nevada

Las Vegas is the most populous city in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally renowned major resort city for the gaming industry, shopping, and entertainment. Las Vegas, billed as The Entertainment Capital of the World, is famous for massive and lavish casino resorts, the unrestricted availability of alcoholic beverages (as is true throughout Nevada), and adult entertainment. Once officially referred to as Sin City, this image has made Las Vegas a popular setting for films and television programs.

Established in 1905, Las Vegas officially became a city in 1911. With the growth that followed, at the close of the century Las Vegas was the most populous American city founded in the 20th century (a distinction held by Chicago in the 19th century). As the 28th most populous city in the United States, Las Vegas is one of the most populous cities in the American West.

The name Las Vegas is often applied to the unincorporated areas of Clark County that surround the city, especially the resort areas on and near the Las Vegas Strip. This 4.5-mile (7.2-km) stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard is mostly outside the city limits, in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester.

History

Main article: History of Las Vegas

Founding

Las Vegas (English: "The Meadows") was named by Spaniards in the Antonio Armijo party, who used the water in the area while heading north and west along the Old Spanish Trail from Texas. In the 1800s, areas of the Las Vegas Valley contained artesian wells that supported extensive green areas or meadows (vegas in Spanish), hence the name Las Vegas.

The Las Vegas Sign

John C. Frémont traveled into the Las Vegas Valley on May 3, 1844, while it was still part of Mexico. He was a leader of a group of scientists, scouts and observers for the United States Army Corps of Engineers. On May 10, 1855, following annexation by the United States, Brigham Young assigned 30 missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints led by William Bringhurst to the area to convert the Paiute Indian population to Mormonism. A fort was built near the current downtown area, serving as a stopover for travelers along the "Mormon Corridor" between Salt Lake and the briefly thriving colony of "saints" at San Bernardino, California. Las Vegas was established as a railroad town on May 15, 1905, when 110 acres (44.5 ha) owned by Montana Senator William A. Clark's San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad, was auctioned off in what is now downtown Las Vegas. Las Vegas was part of Lincoln County until 1909 when it became part of the newly established Clark County. The St. Joan of Arc Catholic Church near 4th and Bridger in downtown was founded in 1910.^[3]Las Vegas became an incorporated city on March 16, 1911.

Gambling was legalized on March 19, 1931 in the city and the opening of Bugsy Siegel's Flamingo Hotel on what would become the Las Vegas Strip on December 26, 1946. Various events have had an impact on the city. The Hoover Dam was completed on October 9, 1936 and atmospheric nuclear testing was conducted at the Nevada Test Site (1951 to 1962). On November 21, 1980 a Hotel fire at the MGM Grand, devastated the city and State of Nevada. On November 22, 1989 the opening of The Mirage began the era of megaresort casinos.

Economic history

Las Vegas started as a stopover on the pioneer trails to the west and became a popular railroad town in the early 1900s. It was a staging point for all the mines in the surrounding area, especially those around the town of Bullfrog, that shipped their goods out to the rest of the country. With the growth of the railroads, Las Vegas became less important, but the completion of the nearby Hoover Dam resulted in substantial growth in tourism, which, along with the legalization of gambling, led to the advent of the casino-hotels for which Las Vegas is famous.

The city owes almost all its current status and reputation to the American mafia. All of the original large casinos were managed or at least funded under mob figures Bugsy Siegel and Meyer Lansky.^[4]

The constant stream of tourist dollars from the hotels and casinos was augmented by a new source of federal money. This money came from the establishment of what is now Nellis Air Force Base. The influx of military personnel and casino job-hunters helped start a land building boom which still goes on today.

Geography

Typical desert scene in the Las Vegas area.

Topography

Las Vegas is located at 36°11′39″N, 115°13′19″W (36.194168, 115.222060)^[5]. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 131.3 square miles (340.0 km²), of which, 131.2 square miles (339.8 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.16 km²) of it (0.04%) is water.

The city is located in an arid basin surrounded by mountains varying in color from pink to rust to gray. City elevation is around 2030 feet (620 m) above sea level. The Spring Mountains lie to the west. As befits a desert, much of the landscape is rocky and dusty. Within the city, however, there are a great deal of lawns, trees, and other greenery. Due to water resource issues, there is now a movement to encourage xeriscapes instead of lawns. Another part of the water conservation efforts include scheduled watering groups for watering residential landscaping.

Las Vegas

Climate

Las Vegas' climate is an arid desert climate (Koppen climate classification BWh) typical of the Mojave Desert, in which it is located, marked with very hot summers, mild winters, abundant sunshine year-round, and very little rainfall. Temperatures in the 90s °F (mid-30s °C) are common in the months of May, June, and September and temperatures normally exceed 100 °F (38 °C) most days in the months of July and August, but with very low humidity, frequently under 10%. The hottest temperature ever recorded is 117 °F (47 °C) set twice, on July 19, 2005, at McCarran International Airport (the warmest ever recorded there) and July 24, 1942, at present-day Nellis Air Force Base. Winters are mild and usually are cool and windy, with the majority of Las Vegas' annual 4.49 in (114 mm) of rainfall coming from January to March.^[6] Winter daytime highs are normally around 60 °F (16 °C) and winter nighttime lows are usually around 40 °F (4 °C). The coldest temperature ever recorded is 8 °F (−13 °C) set on January 25, 1937, at present-day Nellis Air Force Base. Showers occur less frequently in the Spring or Autumn. July through September, the Mexican Monsoon often brings enough moisture from the Gulf of California across Mexico and into the southwest to cause afternoon and evening thunderstorms. Although winter snow is usually visible from December to May on the mountains surrounding Las Vegas, it rarely snows in the city itself. Although temperature and precipitation records for Las Vegas dates back to the early part of the 20th Century, official temperature and precipitation records for Las Vegas date back as early as 1937.

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures
Rec Daytime High °F/ °C	77/ 25	87/ 31	92/ 33	99/ 37	109/ 42.8	115/ 46	117/ 47	116/ 46.6	113/ 45	103/ 39.4	87/ 31	77/ 25	117/ 47
Average High °F/°C	57.1/ 13.9	63/ 17.2	69.5/ 20.7	78.1/ 25.6	87.8/ 31.0	98.9/ 37.2	104.1/ 40.1	101.8/ 38.8	93.8/ 34.3	80.8/ 27.1	66/ 18.9	57.3/ 14.1	79.9/ 26.8
Rec Nighttime High °F/°C	58/ 14	59/ 15	71/ 21	74/ 23	89/ 32	89/ 32	95/ 35	90/ 33	84/ 29	79/ 27	62/ 16	57/ 14	95/ 35
Average Low °F/°C	36.8/ 2.8	41.4/ 5.2	47/ 8.3	53.9/ 12.2	62.9/ 17.2	72.3/ 22.4	78.2/ 25.7	76.7/ 24.8	68.8/ 20.4	56.5/ 13.6	44/ 6.7	36.6/ 2.6	56.3/ 13.5
Rec Nighttime Low °F/°C	8/ −13	16/ −9	23/ −5	31/ −1	40/ 5	48/ 9	60/ 16	56/ 13	46/ 8	26/ −3	21/ −6	11/ −12	8/ −13
Rec Daytime Low °F/°C	28/ −2	34/ 1	42/ 6	48/ 9	60/ 16	67/ 19	81/ 27	74/ 23	67/ 19	50/ 10	42/ 6	32/ 0	28/ −2
Precip (in/cm)	0.59/ 1.50	0.69/ 1.75	0.59/ 1.50	0.15/ 0.38	0.24/ 0.61	0.08/ 0.20	0.44/ 1.12	0.45/ 1.14	0.31/ 0.79	0.24/ 0.61	0.31/ 0.79	0.4/ 1.02	4.49/ 11.40
Average snow (in/cm)	0.9/ 2.3	0.1/ 0.3	<0.1/ <0.1	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	none	<0.1/ <0.1
Record snow (in/cm)	16.7/ 42.4	4.1/ 10.4	0.1/ .3	none	none	none	none	none	none	trace	4.0/ 10.2	2.0/ 5.1	16.7/ 42.4
Source: National Weather Service [1]

Environment

Las Vegas is situated on the arid floor within Clark County. Correspondingly, the surrounding environment is dominated by desert vegetation and some wildlife, and the area can be subject to torrential flash floods. Enabling the rapid population expansion was a major addition to the city's sewage treatment capacity. The sewage treatment expansion resulted from a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency grant funded 208 programs to analyze and forecast growth and environmental impacts through the year 2019.

Cityscape

See also: List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas

The Las Vegas Strip by night with Project CityCenter construction on the bottom right

Redevelopment

The south end of the Las Vegas Strip in 2003.

The Mirage

Caesar's Palace

When The Mirage, the first Megaresort, opened in 1989, it started a movement of people and construction away from downtown Las Vegas to the Las Vegas Strip. This resulted in a drop in tourism from the downtown area but many recent projects and condo construction has seen an increase in visitors to downtown.

A concerted effort has been made by city officials to diversify the economy from tourism by attracting light manufacturing, banking, and other commercial interests. The lack of any state individual or corporate income tax and very simple incorporation requirements have fostered the success of this effort.

Having been late to develop an urban core of any substantial size, Las Vegas has retained very affordable real estate prices in comparison to other western U.S. cities. Consequently, the city has recently enjoyed an enormous boom both in population and in tourism. However, as a New York Times series on the city reported in 2004, the median price of housing in the Las Vegas Valley is now at or above the nationwide median. The urban area has grown outward so quickly that it is beginning to run into Bureau of Land Management holdings along its edges, increasing land values enough that medium- and high-density development is beginning to occur closer to the core.

As a reflection of the city's rapid growing population, the new Chinatown of Las Vegas was constructed in the early 1990s on Spring Mountain Road. Chinatown initially consisted of only one large shopping center complex, but the area was recently expanded for new shopping centers that contain various Asian businesses.

Downtown Las Vegas: The Fremont Street Experience outside of Binion's Horseshoe Casino.

With the Strip expansion in the 1990s, the downtown area (which has maintained an old Las Vegas feel) began to suffer. The city made a concise effort to turn around the fortunes of downtown. The Fremont Street Experience (FSE) was built in an effort to draw tourists back to the area and has proven to be popular in that regard. The multi-level Neonopolis, complete with 11 theaters (managed by Galaxy Theaters, Inc.), was built to offer more retail opportunity and services. Many highrise condo projects have also been underway as downtown is transforming into a livable neighborhood. Other promising signs emerged for the area. The city had successfully lured the Internal Revenue Service operations from the far west of the city to a new downtown building that opened in April 2005. The IRS move is expected to create a greater demand for additional businesses in the area, especially in the daytime hours.

Newport Lofts high-rise development under construction with newly finished Soho Lofts in the background.

The city purchased 61 acres (247,000 m²) of property from Union Pacific Railroad in 1995 with the goal of creating something that would draw more tourists and locals to the downtown area. In 2004 Las Vegas Mayor Oscar Goodman announced plans for the Union Park Development which will include residential and office high-rises, The Lou Ruvo Brain Institute, an academic medical center, The Smith Center for the Performing Arts, and a new City Hall. After failed negotiations with The Related Co. on the development of Union Park in October of 2005, San Diego-based Newland Communities was chosen by the city as the new development firm. The Newland contract calls for Dan Van Epp, Newland's regional vice president and former president of the Howard Hughes Corp., to oversee his company's work on Union Park. The Lou Ruvo Brain Institute is expected to be completed in 2007.

Along with the Union Park Development, other promising residential and office developments have begun construction around downtown Las Vegas. New condominium and hotel high rise projects have changed the entire Las Vegas skyline dramatically in recent years. Many large high-rise projects are planned for downtown Las Vegas as well as the Las Vegas Strip.

Fremont Street

The city council of Las Vegas has also agreed on zoning changes on Fremont Street, which allows bars to be closer together, such as the Gaslamp Quarter of San Diego. It is expected that this change will bring more tourism and business to the downtown area.

In 2004, the city partnered with Cheetah Wireless Technologies and MeshNetwork to pilot a wide area mobile broadband system. The pilot system is installed downtown, around the Fremont Street Experience.

In 2005, on a lot adjacent to the city's 61 ac (247,000 m²), the World Market Center opened. It is intended to be the nation's and possibly the world's preeminent furniture wholesale showroom and marketplace, and is meant to compete with the current furniture market capital of High Point, North Carolina.

On October 23, 2006, plans were unveiled to build a World Jewelry Center in Downtown's Union Park. Similar to the World Market Center, the WJC will be a one stop shop for jewelry trade shows from around the world. The project proposes a 57-story, 815-foot (248 m) office tower.^[7]

Economy

New York casino

Interior of the Circus Circus casino. A major part of the city economy is based on tourism, including gambling.

The primary drivers of the Las Vegas economy have been the confluence of tourism, gaming, and conventions which in turn feed the retail and dining industries. Several companies involved in the manufacture of electronic gaming machines, such as slot machines, are located in the Las Vegas area. In the 2000s retail and dining have become attractions of their own.

Tourism marketing and promotion are handled by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, a county wide agency. Its annual Visitors Survey provides detailed information on visitor numbers, spending patterns and resulting revenues [2].

The Lloyd D. George Federal District Courthouse in Las Vegas is the first Federal Building built to the post-Oklahoma City blast resistant standards.

Las Vegas, as the county seat and home to the Lloyd D. George Federal District Courthouse, draws numerous legal service industries providing bail, marriage, divorce, tax, incorporation and other legal services.

Many technology companies have either relocated to Las Vegas or were created there. For various reasons, the Las Vegas area has had a high concentration of technology companies in electronic gaming and telecommunications industries. Some current technology companies in southern Nevada include Bigelow Aerospace, CommPartners, Datanamics, eVital Communications, Petroglyph, SkywireMedia, Switch Communications, and WorldDoc. Companies that originally were formed in Las Vegas, but have since sold or relocated include Westwood Studios (sold to Electronic Arts), Systems Research & Development (Sold to IBM), Yellowpages.com (Sold to Bellsouth and SBC), and MPower Communications.

Constant population growth means that the housing construction industry is vitally important. In 2000 more than 21,000 new homes and 26,000 resale homes were purchased. In early 2005 there were 20 residential development projects of more than 300 acres (1.2 km²) each currently underway.

Culture

Main article: Las Vegas metropolitan area

Tourism

The major attractions in Las Vegas are the casinos. The most famous hotels are located on Las Vegas Boulevard, better known as the Las Vegas Strip. Many of these hotels carry thousands of rooms. There are, of course, large casino areas in these hotels as well. There are many hotel casinos in the city's downtown area as well, which was the original focal point of the city's gaming industry in its early days. Several large hotels and casinos are also located somewhat off the Strip but adjacent to it, as well as in the county around the city.

Golden Nugget Las Vegas

Four Queens

Some of the most notable casinos located downtown are on the Fremont Street Experience and include:

Parks

City of Las Vegas Parks listing
Las Vegas Springs Preserve Recreational and educational facility
Floyd Lamb State Park

Music

A number of popular music acts have originated from Las Vegas including rock bands The Killers, Panic! at the Disco, The Higher, Escape The Fate, Slaughter, rhythm and blues group 702 and singer Jenny Lewis

While the electronic music duo The Crystal Method was founded in Los Angeles, both members, Ken Jordan and Scott Kirkland, are from Las Vegas.

Local Arts

On the first Friday of each month, the "First Friday" celebration is held which exhibits the works of local artists and musicians in a section of the city's Downtown region now called the "Arts District".[3]

Sports

Main article: Sports in Las Vegas

Currently, Las Vegas is without any major-league level sports teams although the city's metropolitan population is as large or larger than current cities with professional sports teams such as Buffalo, New York; San Antonio; Pittsburgh; Portland, Oregon; Indianapolis; Milwaukee; and Green Bay, Wisconsin. The hurdle the city needs to overcome is professional leagues being concerned about legalized sports betting in the city and the competition for residents' entertainment budget. High profile one-time sporting events, though, have had success. For example the Las Vegas metropolitan area hosted the NBA 2007 All-Star Game. The NASCAR Sprint Cup series race in the area has drawn up to 165,000 fans. Neither of these events have taken place directly in Las Vegas city limits (although that is no different than most cities teams that play in suburban areas).

Demographics

Historical populations
Census	Pop.		%±
1920	2,304		—
1930	5,165		124.2%
1940	8,422		63.1%
1950	24,624		192.4%
1960	64,405		161.6%
1970	125,787		95.3%
1980	164,674		30.9%
1990	258,295		56.9%
2000	478,434		85.2%
Est. 2006	552,539	^[8]	15.5%
Source: City of Las Vegas^[9]

Las Vegas has been the county seat of Clark County since the formation of the county in 1909. The Census Bureau's official population estimate, as of 2006, was 552,539, though the city’s own Planning and Development Department reported a population of 591,536^[1] as of July, 2006.

The United States Census Bureau 2006 estimates place the population for the Las Vegas Metropolitan Statistical Area at 1,777,539 people, and the region is one of the fastest growing in the United States.^{[citation needed]} Las Vegas proper was ranked as the 32nd most populous city in the United States in 2000, and 2006 estimates have placed the city 28th in rank.^[10]

As of the census^[11] of 2000, there were 478,434 people, 176,750 households, and 117,538 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,222.5 people per square mile (1,630.3/km²). There are 190,724 housing units at an average density of 1,683.3/sq mi (649.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 69.86% White, 10.36% African American, 0.75% Native American, 4.78% Asian, 0.45% Pacific Islander, 9.75% from other races, and 4.05% from two or more races. Hispanics are 23.61% of the population. Non-Hispanics whites are 58.04%. The top 5 largest ancestries include: German (12.2%), Irish (9.8%), English (8.4%), Italian (6.7%), and American (4.5%).^[12]

There were 176,750 households out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the city the population was spread out with 25.9% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $44,069, and the median income for a family was $50,465. Males had a median income of $35,511 versus $27,554 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,060. About 6.6% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

In December, 2007, Clark County officially declared the population now exceeds 2 million residents. Current estimates place growth at 3 million people by 2019, and 4 million people by 2025.^[13]

Las Vegas has one of the highest suicide and divorce rates of the U.S.^[14]^[15] The city's high divorce rate is partly due to the fact that divorce is easier in Nevada than most other states. The city was also ranked by Forbes as having the highest Income disparity in the nation.

Hawaii's Ninth Island

Las Vegas is sometimes refered to as Hawaii's Ninth Island^[16]^[17] The city is the home to the first ABC Stores branch outside the state of Hawaii.^[16]

Government

Las Vegas City Hall in downtown Las Vegas.

The City of Las Vegas government operates as a council-manager government. The Mayor sits as a Council member-at-large and presides over all of the City Council meetings. In the event that the Mayor cannot preside over a City Council meeting, the Mayor Pro-Tem is the presiding officer of the meeting until such time as the Mayor returns to his seat. The City Manager is responsible for the administration and the day-to-day operation of all of the municipal services and city departments. The City Manager also maintains intergovernmental relationships with federal, state, county and other local governments.

A large number of the people who live in what they call "Las Vegas" actually reside in neighboring incorporated cities or unincorporated communities. In fact, of the approximately 1.8 million people who live in the Las Vegas Valley, approximately 600,000 actually live inside Las Vegas city limits. Approximately 700,000 people live in unincorporated areas governed by Clark County, and another 465,000 live in incorporated cities such as North Las Vegas, Henderson and Boulder City. Las Vegas and most of the surrounding metropolitan area share a police department. The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department provides most law enforcement services in the city and surrounding county after a 1975 merger of the Las Vegas Police Department and the Clark County Sheriff's Department. Incorporated cities in Clark County, as well as colleges, parks and schools have their own police departments that fall outside of Metro's jurisdiction.

A Paiute Indian reservation occupies about one acre (4000 m²) in the downtown area of Las Vegas.

City council

(Council members' official city websites are also available)

Oscar B. Goodman – Mayor and Council member at Large (Term Expires in 2011)
Gary Reese – Mayor Pro-Tem and 3rd Ward Council member (Term Expires in 2011)
Lois Tarkanian – 1st Ward Council member (Term Expires in 2011)
Steve Wolfson, Esq – 2nd Ward Council member (Term Expires in 2009)
Larry Brown – 4th Ward Council member (Term Expires in 2009)
Ricki Barlow – 5th Ward Council member (Term Expires in 2011)
Steve Ross – 6th Ward Council member (Term Expires in 2009)

City management

Douglas Selby – City Manager
Barbara Jo (Roni) Ronemus – City Clerk

Services

Education

Primary and secondary public education is provided by the Clark County School District (CCSD), which is the fifth most populous school district in the nation (projected enrollment for the 2007–2008 school year is 314,000 students in grades K–12).

The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is located in Paradise, about three miles (5 km) south of the city limits and roughly two miles east of the Strip. The University of Nevada Medical School has a campus near downtown Las Vegas. Several national colleges, including the University of Phoenix, have campuses in the Las Vegas area. Nevada State College and Touro University Nevada are both located in nearby Henderson. The College of Southern Nevada has campuses in Las Vegas, North Las Vegas and Henderson. Henderson also is home to DeVry University and the Keller Graduate School of Management, as well as the University of Southern Nevada. Other private entities in the Las Vegas Valley include Apollo College, National University, ITT Technical Institute and Nova Southeastern University.

Transportation

The Las Vegas Monorail pulling into the Las Vegas Convention Center Station

City Ride Bus Service is provided by the Transportation Services Division. This limited service offers two routes in the downtown area with fare running from free to $0.50 depending on age and disabilities.^[18]

CAT Bus is a popular means of public transportation among locals and tourists with various bus routes covering a large portion of the valley. The CAT system carries approximately 175,000 people per weekday, or about 10 percent of the valley's population.^{[citation needed]}

The Las Vegas Monorail runs from the MGM Grand Hotel at the south end of the Strip to the Sahara Hotel and Casino at the north end of the Strip.

Las Vegas Boulevard

The street numbering system is divided by the following streets:

Westcliff Drive, US 95 Expressway, Fremont Street and Charleston Boulevard divide the north-south block numbers from west to east.
Las Vegas Boulevard divides the east-west streets from the Las Vegas Strip to near the Stratosphere, then Main Street becomes the dividing line from the Stratosphere to the North Las Vegas border, after which the Goldfield Street alignment officially divides east and west.
On the east side of Las Vegas, block numbers between Charleston Boulevard and Washington Avenue are different along Nellis Boulevard, which is the eastern border of the city limits.

McCarran International Airport

McCarran International Airport provides commercial flights into the Las Vegas valley. The airport also serves private aircraft, domestic and international passenger flights, and freight/cargo flights. General aviation traffic generally uses North Las Vegas Airport, other airfields are available.

Intercity bus service to Las Vegas is provided by traditional intercity bus carriers, including Greyhound; many charter services, including Green Tortoise; and several Chinatown bus lines. Amtrak California also operates Deluxe Express Thruway Motorcoach dedicated service between the City and its nearest passenger rail station in Bakersfield, California.

The Union Pacific Railroad is the only class one railroad to provide rail freight service to the city.

Until 1997, the Amtrak Desert Wind train service ran through Las Vegas using the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) rails that run through the city; Amtrak service to Las Vegas has since been replaced by Amtrak's Thruway Motorcoach bus service. Plans to restore Los Angeles to Las Vegas Amtrak service using a Talgo train have been discussed but no plan for a replacement has been implemented.

Some groups have proposed the California-Nevada Interstate Maglev line from Las Vegas to Los Angeles in order to ease the incoming and outgoing traffic congestion on I-15. Another proposal, the Desert Xpress, would involve the privately-financed construction of a train from Victorville, California, to Las Vegas, using off-the-shelf high speed rail technology.^{[citation needed]}

Roads

Interstate 15 traverses through Primm at Exit 1 near the California-Nevada state line.

Two major freeways - Interstate 15 and Interstate 515/U.S. Route 95 - cross in downtown Las Vegas. I-15 connects Las Vegas to Los Angeles and San Diego, California, and heads northeast to and beyond Salt Lake City, Utah. I-515 goes southeast to Henderson, beyond which US 93 continues over the Hoover Dam towards Phoenix, Arizona. US 95 connects the city to northwestern Nevada, including Carson City and Reno. US 93 splits from I-15 northeast of Las Vegas and goes north through the eastern part of the state, serving Ely and Wells, and US 95 heads south from US 93 near Henderson through far eastern California. A three-quarters beltway has been built, consisting of Interstate 215 on the south and Clark County 215 on the west and north. Other radial routes include SR 160 to Pahrump and SR 147 to Lake Mead.

With the notable exceptions of Las Vegas Boulevard, Boulder Highway, and Tonopah Highway (better known as the northern part of Rancho Drive), the majority of surface streets outside downtown Las Vegas are laid out along Public Land Survey System section lines. Many are maintained by the Nevada Department of Transportation as state highways.

East-west roads, north to south^[19]

Las Vegas Beltway (CC 215)
Ann Road
Craig Road (SR 573)
Cheyenne Avenue (SR 574)
Carey Avenue
Lake Mead Boulevard (SR 147)
Washington Avenue (SR 578)
Summerlin Parkway, Bonanza Road (SR 579)
Charleston Boulevard (SR 159)
Sahara Avenue (SR 589)
Desert Inn Road
Spring Mountain Road (SR 591)
Flamingo Road (SR 592)
Tropicana Avenue (SR 593)
Russell Road (SR 594)
Sunset Road (SR 562)
Warm Springs Road
Blue Diamond Road (SR 160)
Las Vegas Beltway (I-215), Lake Mead Parkway (SR 564)
Horizon Ridge Parkway
St. Rose Parkway (SR 146)

North-south roads, west to east

Las Vegas Beltway (CC 215)
Durango Drive
Buffalo Drive
Rainbow Boulevard (SR 595)
Jones Boulevard (SR 596)
Decatur Boulevard
Valley View Boulevard
Dean Martin Drive
Las Vegas Boulevard (SR 604), Rancho Drive (SR 599)
Paradise Road (SR 605)
Maryland Parkway
Eastern Avenue (SR 607)
Pecos Road
Lamb Boulevard (SR 610)
Nellis Boulevard (SR 612)

Sister cities

Las Vegas has several Sister Cities:^[20]

References

^ ^a ^b Population Estimates for Places over 100,000: 2000 to 2006
^ Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas
^ Chung, Su Kim. Las Vegas Then and Now. Thunder Bay Press. San Diego, California: 2005. p. 36
^ unknown. Las Vegas Casinos and Past Mob Ties.
^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
^ KLAS-TV on many broadcasts along with other stations broadcasts
^ Ritter, Ken. "Developer, Las Vegas officials tout plan for jewelry marketplace", Las Vegas Sun, October 23, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-03-17.
^ "July 1, 2006 Population Estimates." United States Census Bureau. July 1, 2006. Retrieved on March 17, 2007.
^ "Las Vegas Community Profile." Office of Business Development. 2006. Retrieved on March 17, 2007.
^ Population Estimates for Places over 100,000: 2000 to 2006
^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
^ Las Vegas, Nevada (NV) Detailed Profile - relocation, real estate, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, news, sex offenders
^ Las Vegas Review Journal 12/09/07
^ City Mayors: Most Stressful US City
^ New York Times Health: Suicide Rate Higher in 3 Gambling Cities, Study Says
^ ^a ^b RITTER, KEN (2004-11-26). Gambling, growth help make Vegas the 'ninth island' of Hawaii. Nevada Appeal. Retrieved on 2008-05-24.
^ Trifonovitch, Kelli Abe (2002-06-01). Ninth Island: a new local marketing group wants to help Hawaii products get to market in the "Ninth Island" of Las Vegas.(Brief Article). Hawaii Business. Retrieved on 2008-05-24.
^ City Ride Bus Service. Retrieved on 2007-08-02.
^ Most arterial roads are shown, as indicated on the Nevada Department of Transportation's 2004 Roadway Functional Classification map, accessed May 2008.
^ "Online Directory: Nevada, USA." Sister Cities International, Inc. Retrieved on March 17, 2007.

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Las Vegas, Nevada is at coordinates 36°10′34″N 115°08′13″W / 36.176, -115.137 (Las Vegas, Nevada)Coordinates: 36°10′34″N 115°08′13″W / 36.176, -115.137 (Las Vegas, Nevada)
Las Vegas Weather Current,Forecast and Climatological Weather Information for Las Vegas

v • d • e Municipalities and communities of Clark County, Nevada

County seat: Las Vegas

Cities	Boulder City \| Henderson \| Las Vegas \| Mesquite \| North Las Vegas

CDPs	Blue Diamond \| Bunkerville \| Cal-Nev-Ari \| Enterprise \| Goodsprings \| Indian Springs \| Laughlin \| Moapa Town \| Moapa Valley \| Mount Charleston \| Paradise \| Sandy Valley \| Searchlight \| Spring Valley \| Summerlin South \| Sunrise Manor \| Whitney \| Winchester

Unincorporated communities	Arden \| Cactus Springs \| Cottonwood Cove \| Glendale \| Jean \| Logandale \| Mountain Springs \| Nelson \| Overton \| Primm \| Sloan