Dirty Harry

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Dirty Harry

Dirty Harry theatrical poster
Directed by Don Siegel
Produced by Don Siegel
Written by Story:
Harry Julian Fink
R.M. Fink
Screenplay:
Harry Julian Fink
R.M. Fink
Dean Riesner
Uncredited:
John Milius
Terrence Malick
Starring Clint Eastwood
Harry Guardino
Reni Santoni
John Vernon
Andy Robinson
Music by Lalo Schifrin
Cinematography Bruce Surtees
Editing by Carl Pingitore
Distributed by Warner Bros.
Release date(s) Flag of the United States December 22, 1971
Running time 102 min.
Country Flag of the United States United States
Language English
Followed by Magnum Force
Allmovie profile
IMDb profile

Dirty Harry is a 1971 crime film directed by Don Siegel, the first of the Dirty Harry series. Clint Eastwood plays the title role, in his first cast as San Francisco Police Department Inspector "Dirty" Harry Callahan.

Contents

[edit] Plot

A serial killer who nicknames himself "Scorpio" (played by Andy Robinson) murders a young woman in a San Francisco rooftop swimming pool using a high-powered rifle. The spent casing is found on a rooftop across the way by Inspector Harry Callahan (played by Clint Eastwood). The Scorpio Killer left a message which is discovered by Callahan and later read aloud by the mayor:

To the city of San Francisco, I will enjoy killing one person everyday until you pay me $100,000. If you agree say so tomorrow morning in Personal Column San Francisco Chronicle and I will set up meeting. If I do not hear from you, it will be my next pleasure to kill a Catholic priest or a nigger. Scorpio

The department cautiously decides to assign Callahan to the case (he has recently been in trouble for pre-emptively shooting a rapist in the city's Fillmore district) while providing extra helicopter surveillance around the churches and the city's black community.

In a later scene, Callahan goes to a cafe for lunch. As he waits for his food, he notices a car, motor running, parked in front of a nearby bank. Callahan correctly surmises that a bank robbery is taking place and instructs the owner of the cafe to relay a message to the police department that a "211" (armed robbery) is in progress. While he waits for reinforcements to arrive, the bank robbers emerge from the bank, forcing Callahan to take matters into his own hands. He shouts a warning at the robbers, one of whom responds by firing a shotgun at Callahan. Callahan returns fire with his .44 magnum revolver and sends the offending robber sprawling to the ground with a direct hit to his lower extremities. The other robbers manage to get into the getaway car, after which the driver aims the car right at Callahan. Callahan fires his handgun at the car whereby causing the driver to lose control of the vehicle, which subsequently crashes and comes to a halt. Callahan then turns his attention back to the robber he shot earlier. As Callahan approaches him, the robber, who is still lying on the ground, tentatively reaches for his weapon that is mere inches from his hand. Callahan comprehends what the robber is considering and, with his handgun pointed directly at the wounded man, utters his famous line:

I know what you're thinking. Did he fire six shots or only five? Well, to tell you the truth, in all this excitement I kind of lost track myself. But being as this is a .44 Magnum, the most powerful handgun in the world, and would blow your head clean off, you've got to ask yourself a question: Do I feel lucky? Well, do ya, punk?

The robber evidently does not feel lucky and allows Callahan to take possession of the shotgun. As Callahan starts to walk away, the robber blurts out: "I gots to know." Callahan obliges the perpetrator's curiosity by aiming his handgun at the man's head and pulling the trigger. The sound of a harmless click reveals that Callahan's gun had no remaining bullets.

Much to his annoyance the next day, Callahan is assigned a rookie partner named Chico Gonzalez (played by Reni Santoni). Callahan claims that his partners always suffer injuries or worse while working with him and that he needs someone experienced.

Callahan's nickname, "Dirty Harry," is a reference to his reputation for taking on the "dirtiest" cases and resolving them even if it involves the violation of criminals' rights. It is commented on twice, once by Harry himself:

Now you know why they call me 'Dirty' Harry; every dirty job that comes along...

And once by Chico:

Now I know why they call him 'Dirty' Harry. He gets the shit end of the stick every time.

A police aircraft foils Scorpio's second attempt at murder, but he escapes and manages to kill a young boy in another rooftop shooting the next day. As the boy was African American as claimed in the ransom letter, the police believe Scorpio is likely to then choose a Catholic priest as his next victim. They then conduct a sting, providing Scorpio a target of opportunity, one near the St. Peter and Paul Church in an attempt to catch Scorpio targeting a priest. Callahan and Chico wait for Scorpio on the adjacent rooftop and initiate a shootout with Scorpio when he appears; however, Scorpio escapes and kills a police officer.

Inspector Harry Callahan, played by Clint Eastwood
Inspector Harry Callahan, played by Clint Eastwood
"Scorpio", played by Andy Robinson
"Scorpio", played by Andy Robinson

Infuriated that his plans have been foiled, Scorpio kidnaps a teenage girl, rapes her and then incarcerates her in a hole. He contacts the city and demands a ransom twice that of the previous one. He claims that it must be paid quickly as his prisoner only has enough air to last until 3:00 a.m. the following morning. The Mayor of San Francisco (John Vernon) decides to pay, and Callahan is asked to deliver the money to a location at the docks. When Harry reaches the drop point, Scorpio contacts him through a public payphone. He sends Callahan on a journey between various payphones in the city, bouncing him around town in order to separate the inspector from any back-up that he may have. However, Scorpio does not realize that Callahan is wearing a wire, allowing Chico to know where his partner is going. The chase ends when Callahan reaches an enormous cross at Mount Davidson, one of the city's parks. Scorpio instructs Callahan to drop his gun and the money and then to face the cross and stand up against it. Scorpio then proceeds to beat Callahan. The killer reveals that he does not intend to free the girl after all and that he intends to kill Callahan too. Chico, thanks to the wireless microphone, arrives at the scene and initiates a gunfight with Scorpio, saving Harry. While Scorpio is distracted, Callahan stabs him in the leg with a concealed knife. Scorpio screams hysterically and escapes without the money. Chico is wounded in the gunfight and is unable to continue as Callahan's partner.

Scorpio tortured by Dirty Harry
Scorpio tortured by Dirty Harry

Scorpio limps to an emergency clinic and is treated for his leg wound. Later, the doctor who treated Scorpio is questioned by Callahan and his new partner Frank DeGeorgio. The doctor tells them that he has seen Scorpio working and living in the nearby Kezar Stadium. Running out of time, Callahan breaks into the stadium and searches Scorpio's room without a warrant. Callahan hears Scorpio fleeing and chases him onto the stadium's field. Frank turns on the stadium lights, which helps Callahan find Scorpio, whom he proceeds to shoot in the leg from distance, though Scorpio is surrendering. Scorpio is unwilling to reveal the location of the girl to Callahan, claiming he has the right of hiring a lawyer. In response, an infuriated Callahan tortures Scorpio by standing on his wounded leg. Scorpio finally tells Callahan where he has been keeping the girl. Unfortunately, she is already dead, and likely always had been. To make matters worse, Scorpio is released without charge because Callahan broke into his home illegally and tortured him to obtain a confession. As Scorpio's rifle was seized at the time, he can not be charged with any of the other murders.

After his release, Callahan follows Scorpio on his own time in order to prevent him from killing again. Scorpio pays a thug to punch him in the face and then tells the press that the police are harassing him, personally naming Callahan as the one responsible for his facial injuries to the press. The police chief orders Callahan to desist from following Scorpio, but Callahan protests that he's not the one responsible for the beating. However, he follows his orders, knowing he can't stop Scorpio if he is suspended or fired.

With Callahan temporarily off his tail, Scorpio is able to kidnap a busload of children using a pistol stolen from a liquor shop owner after attacking him. He demands another ransom and a business jet to take him out of the country. The mayor again insists on paying, but Callahan, enraged by the ongoing soft response of his superiors, pursues Scorpio without authorization. Scorpio is frightened enough by Callahan's appearance on the top of a bridge. When the bus passes him, Callahan jumps onto the bus. A panicked Scorpio starts shooting and drives the bus in a erratic way in an attempt to shake Callahan off. Scorpio stops the bus after crashing through some gates while swerving to avoid a truck.

Scorpio holding the boy hostage
Scorpio holding the boy hostage

Callahan eventually manages to rescue the terrified children and pursues Scorpio into a nearby cement factory, where a gunfight ensues. Scorpio flees the factory and captures a boy who happens to be fishing at a nearby slough. Callahan shoots Scorpio in the shoulder, propelling him backwards, whereupon the killer drops his gun and the boy escapes. Callahan then recites his now-famous "Do you feel lucky, punk?" line, only this time Callahan's gun has a bullet remaining in the chamber. Scorpio, in contrast to the bank robber in the earlier scene, trys his luck and grabs his gun off the ground, but before he has a chance to fire his weapon, Callahan shoots him, at which point Scorpio falls into the water, dead once and for all.

As the police arrive, Callahan takes out his inspector's badge. After looking at it, he hurls it into the water and walks away, presumably indicating his loss of faith in the law.

[edit] Cast

[edit] Original story and casting

According to Mark Whitman's book, "The Films of Clint Eastwood", the original draft for the script was titled "Dead Right" by Julian and Rita Fink. It was set in New York City, not San Francisco, and ended with a police sniper taking out Scorpio instead of Callahan. Another earlier version of the story was set in Seattle, Washington.

Although Callahan is arguably Clint Eastwood's signature role, he was not a top contender for the part. Indeed, the role was originally written for Frank Sinatra, but the singer had broken his wrist ten years earlier (possibly during the filming of The Manchurian Candidate), found the large handgun too unwieldy, and declined the role. It's also been suggested that the death of Sinatra's father prompted him to seek lighter material. Still, the Nov. 9th 1970 issue of Box Office magazine was one trade-paper that touted the pre-production Dirty Harry starring Frank Sinatra.[1]

John Wayne was considered for the role at one point but was not offered the part due to his age. Wayne later portrayed a Dirty Harry-like detective in McQ, a 1974 film directed by John Sturges and set in Seattle. Marlon Brando was also rumored to be attached to the project. Eastwood was only offered the role of Harry Callahan after Steve McQueen and Paul Newman also declined the role for varying reasons. One of Eastwood's stipulations for accepting the role was the change of locale to San Francisco, which is his hometown. Eastwood has claimed that he took the role of Harry Callahan because of the character's obsessive concern with the victims of violent crime. Eastwood felt that the issue of victims' rights was being neglected in the political atmosphere of the time.[citation needed]

Scorpio, the film's antagonist, was based on the real-life Zodiac Killer, who was on the loose in San Francisco at the time. The Zodiac Killer has never been caught. In a later novelisation of the film, Scorpio was referred to as "Charles Davis," an escaped Canadian mental patient. Audie Murphy was first approached to play the Scorpio Killer, but he died in a plane crash before his decision on the offer could be made. The part eventually went to a relative unknown, Andy Robinson. Siegel told Robinson that he cast him in the role of the Scorpio killer because he wanted someone "with a face like a choirboy." Robinson's portrayal was so chilling that after the film was released he reportedly received several death threats and was forced to get an unlisted telephone number. In real life, Robinson is a pacifist who despises guns. In the early days of principal photography, Robinson would flinch violently every time he fired. Director Don Siegel was forced to shut down production for a time and sent Robinson to a school to learn to fire a gun convincingly.[2] Nonetheless, he still blinks when he shoots. The character Dirty Harry is allegedly based on real life San Francisco police inspector Dave Toschi, one of the investigators of the Zodiac murders.

[edit] Influence and popularity

Clint Eastwood's iconic portrayal of the blunt, cynical, unorthodox detective who is seemingly in perpetual trouble with his incompetent bosses, set the style for a number of his later roles and, indeed, a whole genre of cop films. The film resonated with an American public that had become weary and frustrated with the increasing violent urban crime that was characteristic of the time. The box-office success of Dirty Harry led to the production of four sequels.

At the time of the film's release, the film caused controversy, sparking debate over issues ranging from police brutality to victims' rights and the nature of law enforcement. A section of the Philippine police force ordered a print of the movie for use as a training film.[1][2] The motif of a cop who cares more for justice than rules was one subsequently imitated by a number of other films. The movie can also be counted as the seminal influence on the Italian tough-cop movies, Poliziotteschi, which dominated the 70s and that were critically praised in Europe and the U.S. as well.

In 1972 soon after the release of the film in the state of Victoria in Australia, in an apparent copycat crime, two men kidnapped a teacher and six pupils at gunpoint, and forced them into a red delivery van, demanding a A$1 million ransom, which the Victorian state government agreed to pay. The children escaped with their teacher, the ransom was not paid and the kidnappers were jailed. Coincidentally, one of the kidnappers was named Eastwood. He escaped from prison and again tried kidnapping school children for ransom.

[edit] Depiction of firearms

"Dirty" Harry Callahan also helped popularize the Smith & Wesson Model 29 .44 Magnum revolver. The film initiated a modest increase in sales of the powerful handgun, which continues to be popular some thirty-five years after the film's release. Throughout the film Eastwood's Model 29 is lionized as an all-powerful instrument capable of sending assailants flying wildly through the air, while in reality the round is far less dramatic than depicted. The .44 Magnum round is not considered to be a practical caliber for urban police use due to excessive recoil (making target re-acquisition difficult) and over penetration issues, which greatly increases the likelihood the bullet going through targets and injuring bystanders.

The gun used by Clint Eastwood in the filming of the movie was reportedly not a .44 Magnum. According to a story related by a member of the studio's prop department, Smith & Wesson did not have a Model 29 in stock at the time one was requested for filming. Instead, they used a Smith & Wesson Model 57 in .41 Magnum.[citation needed] The Model 29 and Model 57 are identical except for minute differences in bore size, chamber dimensions, and exterior markings, none of which are visible in the film.

Another version of the Dirty Harry gun story: In the scene where we see Inspector Callahan drawing his oversized revolver for the first time, the gun used was a Smith and Wesson Model 29 in .44 Magnum with an 8 3/8" barrel, but subsequent shooting (both with the cameras and the gun) was conducted using a Smith and Wesson Model 25 in .45 Long Colt with a 6" barrel. The choice of .45LC over .44 Magnum was to use the standard "Four-In-One" blank cartridges, which were widely used in filming cowboy movies, and thus readily available (unlike blanks for a .44 Magnum, which the prop department would have had to fabricate from scratch.) As in the story above, the Model 25 and Model 29 are so similar that it would be impossible to distinguish them at a glance.

The .44 Magnum has since been eclipsed as "the most powerful handgun in the world." Factory-produced examples include the .454 Casull, the .475 Wildey Magnum, the .50 Action Express, and the .500 S&W Magnum. Some gunsmiths also offer custom-built or limited-production handguns chambered for proprietary calibers or high-velocity rifle cartridges. Perhaps the most powerful handguns ever made are single-shot pistols chambered for the .50 BMG (Browning Machine Gun) and 600 Nitro Express calibers.

The gun Scorpio steals from the liquor store owner is a Walther P38.

The .44 Magnum ranked second in a 2008 20th Century Fox poll of the most popular film weapons, which surveyed approximately two thousand films fans.[3]

[edit] DVDs

Warner Home Video owns rights to the Dirty Harry series. The "Dirty Harry" film has been remastered for DVD three times: In 1998, 2001 and 2008 (for release June 3). It has been repurposed for several DVD box sets. Dirty Harry makes his high-definition debut with the 2008 Blu-ray disc. The commentator on the 2008 DVD is Clint Eastwood biographer Richard Schickel.[3]

[edit] Filming locations

The first scene of the film includes a memorial, which is located in the Hall of Justice in San Francisco
The first scene of the film includes a memorial, which is located in the Hall of Justice in San Francisco

Ih San Francisco, California:

Other locations:

[edit] Miscellaneous

Albert Popwell in the first "Do I feel lucky?" scene in Dirty Harry. He also appeared in the following 3 Dirty Harry films in various roles
Albert Popwell in the first "Do I feel lucky?" scene in Dirty Harry. He also appeared in the following 3 Dirty Harry films in various roles
  • The final scene, in which Callahan throws his badge in the water, is a homage to a similar scene from 1952's High Noon.
  • Callahan's badge number is 2211 and his police dispatch call ID is "Inspector 71".
  • In one early scene when Callahan walks across the street we see a cinema board advertising Play Misty for Me, Clint Eastwood's directorial debut.
  • Eastwood performed the stunt in which he jumps on to the roof of the hijacked school bus from a bridge himself, without a stunt double. His face is clearly visible throughout the shot. Eastwood himself also directed the suicide-jumper scene.
  • The line "My, that's a big one" which is said by Scorpio when Callahan removes his gun was an ad-lib by Andrew Robinson. The crew broke down in laughter as a result of the double entendre and the scene had to be re-shot, but the line stayed.
  • The name "Dirty Harry" has also inspired an alcoholic beverage. This drink consists of 2 parts Southern Comfort, 1 part Kahlua, and 3/4 part of Creme de Cacao. The drink is served over ice in a tumbler glass.

[edit] Notable references in other media

[edit] Film

  • In History of Violence, Ed Harris tells his partners "We better leave before he goes Dirty Harry on us" referring to Viggo Mortensen's character.
  • In Police Academy 2: Their First Assignment, the character of Mr. Sweetchuck closes his store and puts a lifesize cardboard cutout of Dirty Harry holding a .44 Magnum by the door as a deterrant.
  • This exchange:
[Harry Callahan has to explain why he shot a man]
Harry Callahan: Well, when an adult male is chasing a female with intent to commit rape, I shoot the bastard. That's my policy.
The Mayor: Intent? How did you establish that?
Harry Callahan: When a naked man is chasing a woman through an alley with a butcher's knife and a hard-on, I figure he isn't out collecting for the Red Cross!
[walks out of the room with a slight smirk]
The Mayor: I think he's got a point.
...was lampooned in the first Naked Gun movie:
Mayor: Now Drebin, I don't want any trouble like you had on the South Side like last year, that's my policy.
Frank: Well, when I see five weirdos dressed in togas, stabbing a man in the middle of the park in front of a full view of 100 people, I shoot the bastards, that's my policy.
Mayor: That was a Shakespeare In The Park Production of Julius Caesar, you moron! You killed five actors! Good ones!
  • In Beverly Hills Cop II, when Billy pulls his .44 Magnum out of its holster, Axel responds with "Who do you think you are, Clint Eastwood? Dirty Rosewood?"
  • In The Mask, The Mask (played by Jim Carrey) imitates Dirty Harry near the end of the film while saying, "You have to ask yourself one question: do I feel lucky. Well, do ya... [pulls and cocks out a number of guns on both hands] punks?"
  • In Die Hard With A Vengeance, the scene where John McClane (Bruce Willis) and Zeus (Samuel L. Jackson) travel around New York in an attempt to reach payphones in time to avoid Simon detonating bombs is similar to the scene where Callahan has to travel around San Francisco with Scorpio's money, answering the payphone at designated locations to avoid Scorpio letting the kidnapped girl die.
  • In Bruce Almighty, Bruce (Jim Carrey, again) at one point does not believe that he has been given the powers that God possesses. In order to prove himself wrong he says, while driving, "If that was God then I'm Clint Eastwood!", at which point his back window is shot out. When he looks in the rear view mirror, he resembles and talks like Dirty Harry saying "Be careful what you wish for, punk?". When he gets out of the car, he pulls out a .44 Magnum and recites ".44 Magnum, the most powerful handgun in the world." before disposing of it.
  • In Scary Movie 2, Dwight (David Cross) says "Do you feel lucky punk?" repeatedly while in a wheelchair battle with a ghost.
  • In Starsky & Hutch, there is a Dirty Harry poster clearly visible in Starsky's bedroom.
  • In Beerfest, the Germans say to the Americans (who want to fight) "You get a little beer in you and you become ze Dirty Harrys!"
  • In Zodiac, there are many similarities to Dirty Harry, since the film is based on the Zodiac killer and takes place in the late 1960s and 1970s. However, direct references to Dirty Harry include the film being shown at a theater to some of the characters and near the end of the film, Dave Toschi (Mark Ruffalo) responds to a comment from Robert Graysmith (Jake Gyllenhaal) with "Easy there Dirty Harry!"
  • In Hot Fuzz, it is one of the many films mentioned by Danny Butterman to Sergeant Nicholas Angel. It should be noted that Hot Fuzz is a spoof of action films, and tough cop films like Dirty Harry in particular.

[edit] Television

  • Alan Spencer's police sitcom Sledge Hammer! is a satire based on the no-nonsense approach to law enforcement in the Dirty Harry films. Alan Spencer envisioned a police officer, Inspector Sledge Hammer, whose approach was even more over-the-top, to the point of comical absurdity. Hammer's favorite film is not Dirty Harry, because he finds it "too violent".
  • In the television show Firefly the aggressive and violent Jayne Cobb introduces the name of his favorite weapon, "Vera", as a "Callahan full-bore auto-lock, customized trigger, double-cartridge thorough-gauge"
  • In the German comedy police series "Bronski & Bernstein" one of the main characters, Guido Bernstein, quotes Clint Eastwood several times, at one point saying to a man they had arrested "Make my day! Eastwood, Dirty Harry."
  • In the television show Roseanne an episode titled "House of Grown-Ups" a scene involves youngest child DJ asking to rent Dirty Harry. The father Dan quotes the line "Ya feeling lucky punk?" Which DJ replies "Very Lucky!"

[edit] Music

  • In the song "Bad Boys Get Spanked," by The Pretenders, a sound bite from Dirty Harry (from the scene when Callahan is running through a Muni tunnel and encounters thugs) is used. In the sound bite, one can hear the fight sound effects and then Callahan saying the line: "You don't listen, do you, asshole?" Directly following the sound bite, the lead singer of the band, Chrissie Hynde, then sings/speaks "You don't listen, do you, asshole?"
  • British punk rock band Four Letter Word released a 7" single in 1998 entitled "Do You Feel Lucky, Punk?", featured on their debut album A Nasty Piece of Work.
  • Death metal band Nailed have a song based on the Scorpio character from their debut album A Pure World is a Dead World.
  • Drum and bass artist Adam F has a track called "Dirty Harry's Revenge" on his album KAOS, featuring Beenie Man and Siamese.
  • In the song "Trigger Happy" performed by Weird Al Yankovic has many references including "you better ask yourself, do you feel lucky, punk?"
  • The 1977 song "Whodunit," performed by Tavares, references various fictional sleuths and detectives, including Dirty Harry.
  • The title track of the 1997 album "Magnum Force" by Sielwolf begins with the German language dubbing of the "do I feel lucky?" monologue. Magnum Force is also the title of the first sequel to Dirty Harry.

[edit] Video games

  • In the video game Resident Evil 4, there is a Magnum called the "Broken Butterfly." It looks very similar to the .44 Magnum used by Harry Callahan, and the in-game description for the gun reads: "This will make anyone's day."
  • A Dirty Harry was recently cancelled. It was to follow the storyline of the movie very closely.
  • In Conker's Bad Fur Day for Nintendo 64, a one hit kill revolver is available as a weapon on the War multiplayer maps, and it bears a strong resemblance to the .44 Magnum used by Dirty Harry. Also, if one plays as a squirrel SHC soldier and aims at an enemy, the character will utter "Do you feel lucky, punk?".
  • In the video game Grand Theft Auto III, there is a mission where the player must travel from payphone to payphone before paying and meeting an overly cautious and corrupt police officer, very similar to the ransom payment scene in Dirty Harry. Near the Pay n' Spray shop in the Callahan City, a poster of 'Dirty Habit' could be seen near the Luigi's club. It is perhaps the copycat of 'Dirty Harry'.
  • In the video game The Getaway: Black Monday, there is a hostage rescue mission involving a criminal called Levi Stratov, who is described as a "Latvian Cowboy". When confronted, he almost directly quotes Harry Callahan from this film and its later sequel, Sudden Impact, by shouting: "This is .44 P Magnum! Make my day! You feel lucky, punk?!"
  • In the video game Warcraft 2, if you click on Korgath Bladefist he will eventually say "Do you feel lucky, punk?".

[edit] Literature

  • In Terry Pratchett's Discworld series, the motto of the City Watch is "Fabricati Diem Pvnc," which is dog Latin for "Make my day, punk." Sgt. Colon believes that it means "To Protect and Serve", which is the motto for the Los Angeles police department.

[edit] Photography

  • In photography, an individual with an SLR camera (either film or digital) who shoots photographs for paparazzi purposes is known as a Dirty Harry and/or Clint Eastwood. In contrast, an SLR camera is commonly known as a .44 Magnum.

[edit] References

[edit] Notes

[edit] External links

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