Aeon
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The word aeon, also spelled eon or æon, means "age", "forever" or "for eternity". It is a Latin transliteration from the koine Greek word ὁ αἰών (aion), from the archaic αἰϝών, aiwon: in Homer it typically refers to life or lifespan, but by at least Hesiod it could refer to ages or generations. It has a similar meaning to the Sanskrit word kalpa and Hebrew olam. A cognate Latin word aevum or aeuum (cf. αἰϝών) for "age" is present in words such as longevity and mediæval. [1]
Although a proposal was made in 1957 to define an aeon to be a unit of time equal to one billion years (1 Ga), the idea was not approved as a unit of scientific measure and is seldom used for a specific period of time.[citation needed] Its more common usage is for any long, indefinite, period of time.
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[edit] In philosophy and mysticism
Occultists sometimes speak of a "magical Aeon" that may last for far less time, perhaps as little as 2,000 years. See Thelema.
Plato used the word aeon to denote the eternal world of ideas, which he conceived was "behind" the perceived world, as demonstrated in his famous allegory of the cave.
[edit] In Gnosticism
In many Gnostic systems, the various emanations of God, who is also known by such names as the One, the Monad, Aion teleos (The Perfect Aeon), Bythos (Depth or profundity, Greek Βυθός), Proarkhe (Before the Beginning, Greek πρόαρχή), the Arkhe (The Beginning, Greek ή αρχή), are called aeons. This first being is also an æon and has an inner being within itself, known as Ennoea (Thought), Charis (Grace), or Sige (Greek Σιγη, Silence). The split perfect being conceives the second aeon, Caen (Power), within itself. Along with the male Caen comes the female æon Akhana (Truth, Love).
Aeons bear a number of similarities to Judaeo-Christian angels, including their roles as servants and emanations of God, and their existence as beings of light. In fact, certain Gnostic Angels, such as Armozel, also happen to be Aeons.[2]
The aeons often came in male/female pairs called syzygies, and were frequently numerous (20-30). Two of the most commonly listed æons were Jesus and Sophia. The aeons constitute the pleroma, the "region of light." The lowest regions of the pleroma are closest to the darkness — that is, the physical world.
When an æon named Sophia emanates without her partner aeon, the result is the Demiurge, or half-creator (Occasionally referred to as 'Yalda Baoth in Gnostic texts), a creature that should never have come into existence. This creature does not belong to the pleroma, and the One emanates two savior æons, Christ and the Holy Spirit, to save humanity from the Demiurge. Christ then took the form of the human Jesus, in order to be able to teach humanity how to achieve gnosis; that is, return to the pleroma.
Myther and others suggest[citation needed] that the whole mechanism can be an allegorical representation of violation of CP symmetry, required to create a universe of matter, by facilitating particles to win over antiparticles. CP symmetry requires emanation of equal amount of matters and antimatters which obviously has been violated somehow in the beginning of the universe; otherwise we would not have a material universe. Æons may denote this conjugation of particles-antiparticles produced in equal number. Somehow the perfect symmetry of Pleroma gets violated and a particle or a number of particles (Sophia) ensued out without its/their antiparticle counterparts, resulting in an increase in number of particles (birth of Demiurge) – a process which ultimately led to the creation of our physical universe.[citation needed]
The Gnostic Gospel of Judas, recently found, purchased, held, and translated by the National Geographic Society, also mentions the aeons and speaks of Jesus' teachings of them.[3]
[edit] Valentinus
We only know the details of this system from its opponents. According to Tertullian's Against the Valentinians, the Gnostic Valentinius had 30 different aeons that emanate each other in sequence. The first eight of these aeons, corresponding to generations one through four below, are referred to as the Ogdoad.[4]
- First generation:
- Bythos (the One) and Sige (Silence, Charis, Ennoea, etc.)
- Second generation:
- Caen (Power) and Akhana (Love)
- Third generation, emanated from Caen and Akhana:
- Nous (Nus, Mind) and Aletheia (Veritas, Truth)
- Fourth generation, emanated from Nous and Aletheia:
- Sermo (the Word) and Vita (the Life)
- Fifth generation, emanated from Sermo and Vita:
- Anthropos (Homo, Humanity) and Ecclesia (Church)
- Sixth generation:
- Emanated from Sermo and Vita:
- Bythios (Profound) and Mixis (Mixture)
- Ageratos (Never old) and Henosis (Union)
- Autophyes (Essential nature) and Hedone (Pleasure)
- Acinetos (Immovable) and Syncrasis (Commixture)
- Monogenes (Only-begotten) and Macaria (Happiness)
- Emanated from Anthropos and Ecclesia:
- Paracletus (Comforter) and Pistis (Faith)
- Patricas (Paternal) and Elpis (Hope)
- Metricos (Maternal) and Agape (Love)
- Ainos (Praise) and Synesis (Intelligence)
- Ecclesiasticus (Son of Ecclesia) and Macariotes (Blessedness)
- Theletus (Perfect) and Sophia (Wisdom)
- Emanated from Sermo and Vita:
According to Myther et alia in some unreferenced work,
- The total number of Æons, being 32, reflects the similarity of the mechanism to the Tree of Life, which, as suggested in the Zohar, incorporates 10 Sephiroth and 22 paths interconnecting these 10 Sephiroth; while 10 Æons are created during the first five generations from which come the other 22 Æons later during the sixth generation. "Myther" et al.[citation needed]
[edit] Ptolemy and Colorbasus
According to St. Irenaeus [5], the followers of the Gnostics Ptolemy and Colorbasus had aeons that differ from those of Valentinius. Logos is created when Anthropos learns to speak. The first four are called the Tetrad and the eight are called the Ogdoad.
- First generation:
- Bythos (the One) and Sige (Silence, Charis, Ennoea, etc.)
- Second generation (conceived by the One):
- Caen (Power) and Akhana (Love)
- Third generation, emanated from Caen and Akhana:
- Ennoae (Thought) and Thelesis (Will)
- Fourth generation, emanated from Ennoae and Thelesis:
- Nous (or Monogenes) and Aletheia
- Fifth generation, emanated from Nouse and Aletheia:
- Anthropos (Homo, Man) and Ecclesia (Church)
- Sixth generation, emanated from Anthropos and Ecclesia:
- Logos and Zoe
- Seventh generation:
- Emanated from Logos and Zoe:
- Bythius and Mixis
- Ageratos and Henosis
- Autophyes and Hedone
- Acinetos and Syncrasis
- Monogenes and Macaria
- Emanated from Anthropos and Ecclesia:
- Paracletus and Pistis
- Patricos and Elpis
- Metricos and Agape
- Ainos and Synesis
- Ecclesiasticus and Macariotes
- Theletos and Sophia
- Emanated from Logos and Zoe:
The order of Anthropos and Ecclesia versus Logos and Zoe is somewhat debated; different sources give different accounts. Logos and Zoe are unique to this system as compared to the previous, and may be an evolved version of the first, totalling 34 æons, but it is not clear if the first two were actually regarded æons.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Math words page 16
- ^ [1]
- ^ The Lost Gospel - online feature from National Geographic, including Coptic text, English translation, and photos
- ^ Tertullian. Against the Valentinians. (Latin: Adversus Valentinianos.) Books 7-8.
- ^ Irenaeus. Against heresies (Latin: Adversus Haereses) also known as The Detection and Overthrow of Falsely So-Called Gnosis book 1, chapter 12
[edit] External links
- Tertullian's account against the Valentinians is the source text for much of what we know about the Æons.
- Corresponding text in original Latin
- Irenaeus: Against heresies
