Calendar of saints
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more saints, and referring to the day as that saint's feast day. The system arose from the very early Christian custom of annual commemoration of martyrs on the dates of their deaths, or birth into heaven (and thus referred to in Latin as dies natalis, "day of birth"). As the number of recognized saints increased during Late Antiquity and roughly the first half of the Middle Ages, eventually every day of the year had at least one saint who was commemorated on that date. Eventually, some saints were moved to another day in some traditions, or completely removed; thus, some saints do have more than one day.
There are two categories of saints: martyrs and confessors. Martyrs are regarded as dying in the service of the Lord, and confessors are people who died natural deaths. Confessors were not initially considered for saint's days. The term confessor is now less common and those who are not martyrs are usually given another categorical cognomen such as: Virgin, Pastor, Bishop, Monk, Priest, Founder, Abbot, Apostle, Doctor of the Church or a combination of these.
This calendar system, when combined with major church festivals and movable and immovable feasts, constructs a very human and personalised yet often localized way of organizing the year and identifying dates. It may be compared with the Roman Missal.
Some Christians continue the tradition of dating by saints' days: their works may appear "dated" as "The Feast of Saint Martin". Poets such as John Keats commemorate the importance of The Eve of Saint Agnes.
Many children acquire baptismal or confirmation names from the saint associated with his/her date of birth, baptism or confirmation, and believing Eastern Orthodox Christians (and in some countries, Roman Catholics) mark the "name day" (namesday) of the saint whose name he or she bears with special attention, often instead of birthday celebrations.
[edit] Ranking of feast days
Various feast days will be "ranked" with various levels of importance.
- In the Roman Catholic Church, from most to least importance, these are solemnities, feasts, memorials, and optional memorials.
- In the Eastern Orthodox Church the ranking of feasts may vary from church to church. In the Russian Orthodox Church they are: Great Feasts, All-Night Vigils, Polyeleos, Great Doxology, Sextupple (having six stichera at Vespers and six troparia at the Canon of Matins), Double (i.e., two simple feasts celebrated together) and Simple.
- In the Church of England, they are Principal Feasts and Principal Holy Days, Festivals, Lesser Festivals, and Commemorations.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Calendar of Saints (Orthodox Church in America)
- Roman Catholic Saints' Calendar (American Catholic)
- Saint of the day (Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia)
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