Friedrich Bergius
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| Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius | |
 Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius
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| Born | 11 October 1884 Breslau (Wrocław), Germany |
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| Died | March 30, 1949 (aged 64) Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Nationality | German |
| Fields | chemistry |
| Institutions | University of Hanover |
| Alma mater | University of Breslau, University of Leipzig |
| Doctoral advisor | Richard Abegg, Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch |
| Known for | Bergius process |
| Notable awards |  Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1931) |
Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius (October 11, 1884 – March 30, 1949) was a German chemist known for the Bergius process for producing synthetic fuel from lignite coal.
Bergius was born near Breslau (Wrocław), within the German Empire's Prussian Province of Silesia.
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[edit] Academic career
Before studying chemistry he was sent to work for 6 months at the steel works in Mühlheim. His studies started at the University of Breslau in 1903 and endend with a Phd in chemistry at the University of Leipzig in 1907, after only 4 years. His thesis on sulfuric acid as solvent was supervised by Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch. In 1909 Bergius worked for one semester with Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch at the University of Karlsruhe in the development of the Haber Bosch Process. On the same year he was invited to work at the University of Hanover with Max Bodenstein, who developed the idea of chemical kinetics and held a position as professor.
[edit] Work
[edit] Synthetic fuel from coal
During his habilitation techniques for the high pressure and high temperature chemistry of carbon containing substrates were developed, yielding a patent on the Bergius process in 1913. In this process liquid hydrocarbons used as synthetic fuel are produced by hydrogenation of lignite (brown coal). He developed the process well before the commonly known Fischer-Tropsch process. Theodor Goldschmidt invited him to built an industrial plant at his factory the Th. Goldschmidt AG, in 1914. The production only began in 1919 well after World War I, when the need for fuel was already declining. The technical problems, inflation and the constant criticism of Franz Joseph Emil Fischer, which changed to support after a personal demonstration of the process, made the progress slow and Bergius sold his patent to BASF, where Carl Bosch worked on it. Before World War II several plants where built with a capacity of 4 million tons of fuel.
[edit] Sugar from wood
The hydrolysis of wood to produce sugar for industrial use became a hard task for Bergius. After he moved to Heidelberg he started to improve the process and planned an industrial scale production. The high costs and technical problems nearly led him to bankruptcy. To get the money from his Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1931 a bailiff followed him to Stockholm.
The autarcy movement before the World War II boosted the process and several plants were built. Bergius moved to Berlin were he was only marginally involved in the development. While he was in Bad Gastein Austria, his laboratory and his house where destroyed by an air raid. The rest of the war he stayed in Austria.
[edit] International engagement
After the war he worked as an advisor in Italy, Turkey, Switzerland and Spain. He emigrated to Argentina, where he didn't build any industrial plant. He died in Buenos Aires on March 30, 1949
[edit] Awards
He and Carl Bosch won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1931 in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods.
[edit] Further reading
- Kerstein, Gunther (1970). "Bergius, Friedrich". Dictionary of Scientific Biography 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 3-4. ISBN 0684101149.
- Anthony N. Stranges (1984). "Friedrich Bergius and the Rise of the German Synthetic Fuel Industry". Isis 75 (4): 642-667.
- Dietrich Stoltzenberg (1999). "Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch und Friedrich Bergius - Protagonisten der Hochdrucksynthese". Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (6): 359-364. doi:.
- Robert Haul (1985). "Das Portrait: Freidrich Berguis (1884-1949)". Chemie in unserer Zeit 19 (2): 59-67. doi:.
[edit] External links
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