Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

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Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, GCB, GCMG (Arabic: صاحب السمو الأمير الشيخ جابر الأحمد الجابر الصباح)‎ (June 29, 1926–January 15, 2006), of the al-Sabah dynasty, served as the thirteenth Amir of Kuwait, and third Emir since Kuwait's independence from Britain, from December 31, 1977, until his death.

Jaber was born in Kuwait City. Sheikh Jaber (of the Al-Sabah dynasty, which has ruled Kuwait since the 18th century) was the third son of the late Sheikh Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, who served as Kuwait's emir from 1921 to 1950.

Sheikh Jaber received his early education at Al-Mubarakiya School, Al-Ahmediya School, and Al-Sharqiya School, and was subsequently tutored privately in religion, English, Arabic, and the sciences. In 1949, Sheikh Jaber served as Director of Public Service for the Ahmadi region. In 1962, he was appointed as Kuwait's first Minister of Finance and Economy. Under Sheikh Jaber, the country's oil revenues transformed it from a largely tribal society to a modern, urbanised state with one of the world's largest per capita incomes. He introduced Kuwait's first currency, the Kuwaiti Dinar (K.D.). Sheikh Jaber was appointed Prime Minister of Kuwait in 1965, and subsequently named Crown Prince in 1966. He succeeded his half-uncle Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah in December 1977, and had been Prime Minister of Kuwait for a decade before.

In 1986, he dissolved the National Assembly of Kuwait, exercising his powers as foreseen in Kuwait's Constitution. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Sheikh Jaber reinstated the National Assembly.

On August 2, 1990, after much discussion of a border dispute between Kuwait and Iraq, Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait, with the stated intent of annexing it. Sheikh Jaber immediately fled to Saudi Arabia, where he set up a government-in-exile operating out of a luxury hotel in Dhahran. In March 1991, Jaber returned to Kuwait, after it had been liberated and made safe by an international Coalition operating under the auspices of the United Nations. He assumed his former role of head of state in spite of having absented himself from the struggle to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation.

In 1999 he proposed an amendment to Kuwait's Election Law, allowing women to vote and hold office; the bill was rejected by the National Assembly, however, and was not re-introduced for the MPs until 2005, when Kuwait's parliament had finally granted Kuwait's women political rights.

Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah is credited for his involvement in the creation of the Gulf Cooperation Council, the creation of the Future Generations Funds, and assistance in the unification of North and South Yemen. And he created the martyr office.

In September 2000, Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah suffered from a stroke and went to the United Kingdom for treatment, returning 4 months later on January 15. Exactly five years later, he died on 15 January 2006 from a cerebral hemorrhage. He was succeeded by the Crown Prince Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah. The government announced a 40-day period of mourning.