City council
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A city council is a form of local government, usually covering a city or other urban area, such as a town. The system of government has roots back at least to the Roman Empire. The meaning of "City council" varies widely between different countries.
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[edit] Australia
In some Australian jurisdictions, a 'city council' is an informal way of referring to local government areas in built-up areas
[edit] United Kingdom
In the UK, a city council is:
In England:
- The council of metropolitan or non-metropolitan district that has been granted city status.
- A parish council that has been granted city status.
- The council of a London borough that has been granted city status (of which there is only one: Westminster City Council), or the City of London Corporation.
In Wales:
- The council of a principal area that has been granted city status.
- A community council that has been granted city status.
In Scotland
- The council of one of four council areas designated a City by the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994.
- The council of a local government district created by the Local Government (Boundaries) Act (Northern Ireland) 1971 that either adopted the charter of an existing city corporation in 1973, or that has since been granted city status.
[edit] United States
City councils generally consist of several (usually somewhere between 5 and 50, depending on the city's size) elected aldermen or councillors. Other common titles for members of the council include councilmember or councilman/woman.
In some cities, the mayor is a voting member of the council who serves as chairman; in others, the mayor is the city's independent chief executive (or strong mayor) with veto power over city council legislation. In larger cities the council may elect other executive positions as well, such as a council president and speaker.
The council generally functions as a parliamentary or congressional style legislative body, proposing bills, holding votes, and passing laws to help govern the city.
The role of the mayor in the council varies depending on whether or not the city uses council-manager government or mayor-council government, and by the nature of the statutory authority given to it by state law, city charter, or municipal ordinance.
There is also a mayor pro tem councilmember. In cities where the council elects the mayor for one year at a time, the mayor pro tem is in line to become the mayor in the next year. In cities where the mayor is elected by the city's voters, the mayor pro tem serves simply to serve as acting mayor in the absence of the mayor.
In some cities a different name for the municipal legislature is used. In San Francisco, for example, it is known as the Board of Supervisors because San Francisco is a consolidated city-county and the California constitution requires each county to have a Board of Supervisors.
