Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith

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This article is about the Holy Office as part of the Roman Curia. For Holy Office as prayer, please see Liturgy of the Hours.

The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) (Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei), previously known as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, and sometimes simply called the Holy Office is the oldest of the nine congregations of the Roman Curia. Among the most active of these major Curial departments, it oversees Catholic doctrine. The CDF is the modern name for what used to be the Holy Office of the Inquisition.

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[edit] Role

According to Article 48 of the Apostolic Constitution on the Roman Curia, Pastor Bonus, promulgated by Pope John Paul II on June 28, 1988: "the duty proper to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith is to promote and safeguard the doctrine on the faith and morals throughout the Catholic world: for this reason everything which in any way touches such matter falls within its competence." The punishments are not described, but are taken for granted from the phrase "safeguard the doctrine"[citation needed][clarify].

Within the CDF are the International Theological Commission and the Pontifical Biblical Commission. The Prefect of the CDF is ex officio president of both commissions.

[edit] History

Galileo before the Holy Office, a 19th century painting by Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury
Galileo before the Holy Office, a 19th century painting by Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury

On July 21, 1542, Pope Paul III, with the Constitution Licet ab initio, established the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, staffed by cardinals and other officials whose task it was "to maintain and defend the integrity of the faith and to examine and proscribe errors and false doctrines". It served as the final court of appeal in trials of heresy and served as an important part of the Counter-Reformation. In reaction to the excesses of the Spanish Inquisition, it was tightly controlled by strict procedural rules under the administration of Francisco Peña, but the Inquisition remained one of the most feared offices in 16th century Europe, and elsewhere in the Catholic world, due especially to its use of torture and execution, including immolation.

This body was renamed the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office in 1908 by Pope Saint Pius X. It was changed to Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on December 7, 1965, at the end of the Second Vatican Council. In 1983, with the new code of Canon law, "Sacred" was dropped from the names of Vatican Congregations.

[edit] Organization

Until 1968, the Pope himself held the title of prefect but never exercised this office. Instead, he appointed one of the cardinals to preside over the meetings, first as Secretary, then as Pro-Prefect.

Since 1968, the Cardinal head of the dicastery has borne the title of Prefect, without further qualification. Therefore, from 1968 onwards, the title of Secretary refers to the second highest ranking officer of the Congregation. There are usually ten other cardinals on the Congregation, as well as a prelate and two assistants.

The work of the Congregation is divided into four sections: the doctrinal office, the disciplinary office, the matrimonial office, and that for priests. The Congregation holds biennial plenary assemblies. The Congregation has been used as a tool to silence voices of dissent with the church. Among the most known punished priests are Marcial Maciel, Tissa Balasuriya, and Robert Nugent.

Members (2005):

On 6 May 2006 Cardinals Antonio Cardinal Cañizares Llovera and Jean-Pierre Cardinal Ricard were named members of the Congregation.

[edit] Recent opinions and publications

[edit] Heads of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith

[edit] Grand Inquisitors

[edit] Secretaries

[edit] Prefects

[edit] Modern Secretaries of the CDF

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Dominus Iesus
  2. ^ Considerations Regarding Proposals To Give Legal Recognition To Unions Between Homosexual Persons
  3. ^ Doctrinal Note on some questions regarding the participation of Catholics in political life
  4. ^ Pullella, Philip (April 23, 2007). "Gay marriage evil, abortion terrorism: Vatican", Reuters. Retrieved on 2007-04-23. 
  5. ^ CNN, Six Arkansas nuns excommunicated for heresy

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith"
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