Pope John XXIII

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

See also: Pope John (numbering)

John XXIII
Papacy began	28 October 1958
Papacy ended	3 June 1963
Predecessor	Pius XII
Successor	Paul VI
Birth name	Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli
Born	25 November 1881(1881-11-25) Sotto il Monte, Italy
Died	3 June 1963 (aged 81) Vatican City
Other popes named John

Blessed Pope John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes PP. XXIII; Italian: Giovanni XXIII), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963), known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City on 28 October 1958. He called the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) but did not live to see it to completion, dying on 3 June 1963, two months after the completion of his final encyclical, Pacem in Terris. He was beatified on 3 September 2000, along with Pope Pius IX, the first popes since Pope Pius X to receive this honour. His feast day is 11 October in the Catholic Church, the day that Vatican II’s first session opened. He is also commemorated on 3 June by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and on 4 June by the Anglican Church of Canada. In Italy he is remembered with the affectionate appellative of "Il Papa Buono" ("The Good Pope").

Contents 1 Life 2 Election as pope 2.1 Choice of name 2.2 Numbering 3 Papacy 4 Pope John and papal ceremonial 5 Final months and death 6 Criticism 7 Legacy 8 See also 9 References 10 External links

[edit] Life

Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was born in Sotto il Monte, a small country village in the Province of Bergamo, Italy. He was the firstborn son of Giovanni Battista Roncalli (1854-1935) and his wife Marianna Giulia Mazzolla (1854-1939), and fourth in a family of 14, including: Angelo Giuseppe, Alfredo, Maria Caterina, Teresa, Ancilla, Francesco Zaverio, Maria Elisa, Assunta Casilda, Giovanni Francesco, Enrica, Giuseppe Luigi and Luigi.^[1] His family worked as sharecroppers like the largest part of Sotto il Monte peoples, a striking contrast to his predecessor, Eugenio Pacelli, who came from an ancient aristocratic family, long connected to the Papacy. However, he was still a descendant of an Italian noble family, from a secondary and impoverished branch.^[2]

In 1904, Roncalli was ordained a priest in the Catholic Church of Santa Maria in Monte Santo in Rome. He was trained as an historian.

In 1905, Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi, the new bishop of Bergamo, appointed Roncalli as his secretary. Roncalli worked for Radini-Tedeschi until the bishop's death in 1914. During this period Roncalli was also a teacher in the diocesan seminary.

During World War I, Roncalli was drafted into the Royal Italian Army as a sergeant, serving in the medical corps as a stretcher-bearer and as a chaplain.

In 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed him as the Italian president of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith. In 1925 Pope Pius XI appointed him as Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria, also naming him for consecration as titular bishop of Areopolis. He chose as his episcopal motto Obedientia et Pax ("Obedience and Peace"), which became his guiding motto.

In 1935 he was made Apostolic Delegate to Turkey and Greece. Roncalli used this office to help the Jewish underground in saving thousands of refugees in Europe, leading some to consider him to be a Righteous Gentile. In 1944, during World War II, Pope Pius XII named him Apostolic Nuncio to Paris, France. In this capacity he had to negotiate the retirement of bishops who had collaborated with the occupying power.

In 1953, he was appointed as the Patriarch of Venice, and, accordingly, raised to the rank of Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca by Pope Pius XII. As a sign of his esteem, President Vincent Auriol of France claimed the ancient privilege possessed by French monarchs and bestowed the red hat on the now-Cardinal Roncalli at a ceremony in the Elysee Palace.

[edit] Election as pope

See also Papal conclave, 1958

[edit] Choice of name

Upon his election, Cardinal Roncalli chose John as his regnal name. This was the first time in over 500 years that this name had been chosen - previous Popes had avoided using this name as the last man to use this name came to be considered an Antipope following the Western Schism.

On the choice of his name Pope John said that

I choose John ... a name sweet to us because it is the name of our father, dear to me because it is the name of the humble parish church where I was baptised, the solemn name of numberless cathedrals scattered throughout the world, including our own basilica [St. John Lateran]. Twenty-two Johns of indisputable legitimacy have [been Pope], and almost all had a brief pontificate. We have preferred to hide the smallness of our name behind this magnificent succession of Roman Popes. ^[3]

[edit] Numbering

Upon choosing the name, there was some confusion as to whether the new Pope would be known as John XXIII or John XXIV. In response, John declared that he was John XXIII, thus affirming the antipapal status of Antipope John XXIII.

Before this Antipope, the most recent Popes called John were John XXII (1316-1334) and John XXI (1276-1277). However, there was no Pope John XX, due to confusion caused by medieval historians misreading the Liber Pontificalis to refer to another Pope John between John XIV and John XV.

[edit] Papacy

Following the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958, Roncalli was elected Pope, to his great surprise. He had even arrived in the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice. Many had considered that Archbishop Montini, Archbishop of Milan, was a possible candidate, but, although he was Archbishop of one of the most ancient and prominent Sees in Italy, he had not been appointed a cardinal.^[4] As a result, he was not present at the 1958 conclave and most of the cardinals abided by the established precedent of voting only for a member of the College of Cardinals, in spite of the affirmation in Canon Law that any Catholic male could be chosen. After the long pontificate of Pope Pius XII, the cardinals chose a man who, it was presumed because of his advanced age, would be a short-term or "stop-gap" pope. In John XXIII's first consistory, Montini was raised to the rank of cardinal; and in time he became John's successor, Paul VI.

John XXIII's personal warmth, good humor and kindness captured the world's affections in a way his predecessor, for all his great learning and personal holiness, had failed to do. While Pius would look slightly away and up from the camera whenever his photograph was taken, John would look directly at the camera and smile.

On 25 December 1958, he became the first pope to leave Vatican territory since 1870, when he visited children suffering from polio at the Bambin Gesù hospital and then visited Santo Spirito Hospital. The next day he visited Rome's Regina Coeli prison, where he told the prisoners: "You could not come to me, so I came to you." These acts created a sensation, and he wrote in his diary:

...great astonishment in the Roman, Italian and international press. I was hemmed in on all sides: authorities, photographers, prisoners, wardens...^[5]

Far from being a mere "stop gap" Pope, to great excitement John called an ecumenical council fewer than ninety years after the Vatican Council. Cardinal Montini remarked to a friend that "this holy old boy doesn't realize what a hornet's nest he's stirring up".^[6] From the Second Vatican Council came changes that reshaped the face of Catholicism: a comprehensively revised liturgy, a stronger emphasis on ecumenism, and a new approach to the world.

[edit] Pope John and papal ceremonial

Main article: Papal coronation

Part of a series of articles on Social Teachings of the Popes

Pope Leo XIII Rerum Novarum Pope Pius XI Quadragesimo Anno Pope Pius XII Social teachings Pope John XXIII Mater et Magistra Pacem in Terris Vatican II Dignitatis Humanae Gaudium et Spes Pope Paul VI Populorum progressio Pope John Paul II Centesimus Annus Laborem Exercens Sollicitudo Rei Socialis General Social Teachings of the Popes Catholic social teaching Subsidiarity

This box: view • talk • edit

Pope John XXIII was the last pope to use full papal ceremony, much of which was abolished subsequently after Vatican II. His papal coronation ran for the traditional five hours (Pope Paul VI, by contrast, opted for a shorter ceremony, while later popes declined to be crowned). However, as with his predecessor Pope Pius XII, he chose to have the coronation itself take place on the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica, in view of the crowds assembled in St. Peter's Square.

John XXIII wore a number of tiaras from the papal collection. On formal occasions, such as giving the Urbi et Orbi blessing, he wore the traditional 1877 Palatine tiara he had been crowned with. However, on other occasions he wore the lighter and more comfortable 1922 tiara of Pope Pius XI, which he used so often that it became strongly associated with him.

As with most other popes in the last two decades up to that point, he was given an expensive silver papal tiara by the people of Bergamo. The Tiara of Pope John XXIII, the lightest in the papal collection at 2 lb (900 g), was given to him eventually in 1959. When asked about the tiara during its manufacture, John asked that the makers halve the number of jewels with which they planned to decorate it and give the financial saving to the poor.

Traditional Pontifical High Masses and most papal ceremonial aspects—including use of the flabelli (ceremonial fans made of ostrich feathers) and the Palatine Guard—and the saluting of the pope on his arrival at Mass in St. Peter's Basilica by the playing of trumpets were abolished by Pope Paul VI in stages during his reign. None of the tiaras associated with Pope John have been worn by later popes.

While maintaining the traditional papal ceremonial, Pope John continued his predecessors' policy of a gradual reform to the traditional Roman liturgy, publishing changes that had accrued since 1920 in the 1962 Missal, before the major reform of the liturgy after Vatican II. The 1962 Missal published by Pope John XXIII was the last typical edition of the Tridentine rite, which has now come to be formally recognized by Pope Benedict XVI as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite.^[7]

Pope John was also the last pope to date to have his Requiem Mass celebrated within St. Peter's Basilica, amid traditional papal pomp. His successor, Pope Paul VI, abolished the traditional papal funeral and had his funeral as a simple concelebrated Mass in St. Peter's Square.

[edit] Final months and death

On 23 September 1962, Pope John XXIII was first diagnosed with stomach cancer. The diagnosis, which was kept from the public, followed nearly eight months of occasional stomach hemorrhages, and reduced the pontiff's appearances. Looking pale and drawn during these events, he gave a hint to his ultimate fate in April 1963, when he said to visitors, "That which happens to all men perhaps will happen soon to the Pope who speaks to you today."

On 11 May 1963, the Italian president Antonio Segni awarded Pope John XXIII the Balzan Prize for his engagement for peace. It was the Pope's last public appearance.

On 25 May 1963, the Pope suffered another hemorrhage and required blood transfusions, but peritonitis soon set in. On 31 May it had become clear that the cancer had overcome the resistance of Pope John XXIII. At 11 A.M. Petrus Canisius Van Lierde as Papal Sacristan was at the bedside of the dying pope, ready to anoint him. The Pope begins to speak for a very last time: “I had the great grace to be born into a Christian family, modest and poor, but with the fear of the Lord. …My time on earth is drawing to a close. But Christ lives on and continues his work in the Church. Souls, souls, Ut omnes unum sint, ^[8] Van Lierde then anoints his eyes, ears, mouth, hands and feet. Overcome by emotion, he forgets the right order of anointing. Pope John gently helps him. Then the Pope bids him and all the other bystanders a last farewell. ^[9] The Pope died 7:49 p.m. (local time) on 3 June at the age of 81. He was buried on 6 June, ending a reign of four years, seven months and six days.

On 6 December 1963, the US president Lyndon B. Johnson posthumously awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award, in recognition of the good relationship between Pope John and the United States.

[edit] Criticism

Sedevacantist and Conclavist groups have been some of Pope John's most outspoken critics. Some groups have even made unsubstantiated claims that John was a Freemason.

Some also make the claim that John's choice of regnal name marked him as an antipope, as the name John had lain unused since Antipope John XXIII used it in the 15th century (other Popes have similarly used names taken by anti-popes, for example Benedict XIV).

Many who subscribe to the teachings of Our Lady of Fatima also believe that Pope John deliberately withheld secret prophetic information revealed by an apparition of the Virgin Mary. ^[10] This is perhaps the basis for Internet reports in the late 1990s about the supposed discovery of Pope John's diary where he received prophetic insight into the future, including the return of Jesus in New York in 2000. ^[11]

Although Pope John did have a diary, there is no evidence in it to suggest that he received apocalyptic visions of the future. ^[12]

[edit] Legacy

Known affectionately as "Good Pope John" and "the most loved Pope in history" to many people, on 3 September 2000, John was declared "Blessed" by Pope John Paul II, the penultimate step on the road to sainthood. Following his beatification, his body was moved from its original burial place in the grottoes below St Peter's Basilica to the Altar of St. Jerome and displayed for the veneration of the faithful.

At the time, the body was observed to be extremely well-preserved—a condition which the Church ascribes to the lack of air flow in his sealed triple coffin rather than to any miraculous event. When John was moved, the original vault — which was above the floor — was removed. A new vault was built beneath the ground, and Pope John Paul II was later buried in this vault.

He is honored by many Protestant organizations as a Christian reformer. Both Anglican and Lutheran denominations commemorate John XXIII as a "renewer of the church."

From his early teens, he maintained a diary of spiritual reflections that was subsequently published as Journal of a Soul. The collection of writings charts Roncalli's efforts as a young man to "grow in holiness" and continue after his election to the Papacy. It remains widely read.

[edit] See also

• Orthodox Church
• Eastern Catholic Church
• Byzantine Discalced Carmelites
• Desert Fathers
• List of Righteous Among the Nations by country
• List of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII

[edit] References

• Peter Hebblethwaite & Margaret Hebblethwaite, John XXIII: Pope of the Century Continuum International, 2000 ISBN 0-8264-4995-6
• Malachi Martin, Vatican: a novel (Hew York, NY: Harper & Row, 1986) ISBN 0-06015-478-0
• Malachi Martin, The Keys of this Blood (New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 1990) ISBN 0-67169-174-0
• Pope John XXIII, Journal of a Soul ("Giovanni XXIII Il Giornale dell' Anima". trans. Dorothy White, 1965 Geoffrey Chapman ISBN 0-225-66895-5
• Paul L. Williams, The Vatican Exposed. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2003 ISBN 1-59102-065-4

1. ^ Pope John XXIII
2. ^ Armas e Troféus, Instituto Português de Heráldica, 1990s
3. ^ "I Choose John . . ." from Time Magazine
4. ^ Pope Paul VI : 1963 – 1978, Retrieved 28 February 2006.
5. ^ Hebblethwaite, Peter (1987). Pope John XXIII: Shepherd of the Modern World. Image Books, p. 303. 
6. ^ George Weigel, "Thinking Through Vatican II", First Things, June/July, 2001.
7. ^ English translation of the motu proprio, with the Pope's covering letter,English text of the letter (Vatican website)
8. ^ (that all may be one).
9. ^ Peter Hebblethwaite, John XXIII, Pope of the Council, Revised edition, Harper Collins, Glasgow,1994 502
10. ^ The Catholic COUNTER-REFORMATION IN THE XXth CENTURY
11. ^ Pope John XXIII Predictions
12. ^ ALMOST A SAINT: POPE JOHN XXIII

[edit] External links

Find more about Pope John XXIII on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Dictionary definitions
	Textbooks
	Quotations
	Source texts
	Images and media
	News stories
	Learning resources

• Vatican biography
• Official Homepage of the Birthplace House of the Blessed Pope John XXIII
• John XXIII was embalmed; Vatican denies he is subject of miracle of incorruptibility
• Advocating John XXIII as Righteous Among the Nations
• Monument to John XXIII
• Memorial Page for John XXIII
• Homily by Pope John Paul II from Pope John XXIII beatification mass
• Pope John XXIII: text with concordances and frequency list
• [1]
• Pope John XXIII's Multilingual Opera Omnia

Video on YouTube — Italian Documentaries (English Subtitled)

• Iohannes XXIII: the good Pope — part 1 of 2
• Iohannes XXIII: the good Pope — part 2 of 2
• Pope Iohannes XXIII: pontificate and council — part 1
• Pope Iohannes XXIII: pontificate and death — part 2

Roman Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Carlo Cardinal Agostini	Patriarch of Venice 15 January 1953–28 October 1958	Succeeded by Giovanni Cardinal Urbani
Preceded by Pius XII	Pope 28 October 1958 – 3 June 1963	Succeeded by Paul VI

v • d • e Popes of the Roman Catholic Church Peter Linus Anacletus Clement I Evaristus Alexander I Sixtus I Telesphorus Hyginus Pius I Anicetus Soter Eleuterus Victor I Zephyrinus Callixtus I Urban I Pontian Anterus Fabian Cornelius Lucius I Stephen I Sixtus II Dionysius Felix I Eutychian Caius Marcellinus Marcellus I Eusebius Miltiades Sylvester I Mark Julius I Liberius Damasus I Siricius Anastasius I Innocent I Zosimus Boniface I Celestine I Sixtus III Leo I Hilarius Simplicius Felix III Gelasius I Anastasius II Symmachus Hormisdas John I Felix IV Boniface II John II Agapetus I Silverius Vigilius Pelagius I John III Benedict I Pelagius II Gregory I Sabinian Boniface III Boniface IV Adeodatus I Boniface V Honorius I Severinus John IV Theodore I Martin I Eugene I Vitalian Adeodatus II Donus Agatho Leo II Benedict II John V Conon Sergius I John VI John VII Sisinnius Constantine Gregory II Gregory III Zachary Stephen II Paul I Stephen III Adrian I Leo III Stephen IV Paschal I Eugene II Valentine Gregory IV Sergius II Leo IV Benedict III Nicholas I Adrian II John VIII Marinus I Adrian III Stephen V Formosus Boniface VI Stephen VI Romanus Theodore II John IX Benedict IV Leo V Sergius III Anastasius III Lando John X Leo VI Stephen VII John XI Leo VII Stephen VIII Marinus II Agapetus II John XII Benedict V Leo VIII John XIII Benedict VI Benedict VII John XIV John XV Gregory V Sylvester II John XVII John XVIII Sergius IV Benedict VIII John XIX Benedict IX Sylvester III Benedict IX Gregory VI Clement II Benedict IX Damasus II Leo IX Victor II Stephen IX Nicholas II Alexander II Gregory VII Victor III Urban II Paschal II Gelasius II Callixtus II Honorius II Innocent II Celestine II Lucius II Eugene III Anastasius IV Adrian IV Alexander III Lucius III Urban III Gregory VIII Clement III Celestine III Innocent III Honorius III Gregory IX Celestine IV Innocent IV Alexander IV Urban IV Clement IV Gregory X Innocent V Adrian V John XXI Nicholas III Martin IV Honorius IV Nicholas IV Celestine V Boniface VIII Benedict XI Clement V John XXII Benedict XII Clement VI Innocent VI Urban V Gregory XI Urban VI Boniface IX Innocent VII Gregory XII Martin V Eugene IV Nicholas V Callixtus III Pius II Paul II Sixtus IV Innocent VIII Alexander VI Pius III Julius II Leo X Adrian VI Clement VII Paul III Julius III Marcellus II Paul IV Pius IV Pius V Gregory XIII Sixtus V Urban VII Gregory XIV Innocent IX Clement VIII Leo XI Paul V Gregory XV Urban VIII Innocent X Alexander VII Clement IX Clement X Innocent XI Alexander VIII Innocent XII Clement XI Innocent XIII Benedict XIII Clement XII Benedict XIV Clement XIII Clement XIV Pius VI Pius VII Leo XII Pius VIII Gregory XVI Pius IX Leo XIII Pius X Benedict XV Pius XI Pius XII John XXIII Paul VI John Paul I John Paul II Currently: Benedict XVI

v • d • e Catholic Church Organizations, Papacy, Teachings and Liturgical Traditions History Jesus · Twelve Apostles · Early Christianity · History of the Papacy · Councils · Crusades · Missions · Great Schism of East · Great Schism of West · Reformation · Counter-Reformation · Roman Catholicism by country Hierarchy Pope · Cardinals · Patriarchs · Major Archbishops · Primates · Metropolitans · Archbishops · Diocesan Bishops Theology Trinity · Original sin · One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church · Worship · Divine Grace · Salvation · Sermon on the Mount · The Ten Commandments · Dogma · Body and Soul Sacraments Baptism · Confirmation · Eucharist · Penance · Anointing of the Sick · Holy Orders · Matrimony Mariology Mariology · Veneration · History of Mariology · Mariology of the saints · Mariology of the popes · Marian Doctrines · Mother of God · Perpetual Virginity · Immaculate Conception  · Assumption Doctors of the Church Albertus Magnus · Ambrose · Anselm of Canterbury · Anthony of Padua · Thomas Aquinas · Athanasius of Alexandria · Augustine of Hippo · Basil of Caesarea · Bede · Robert Bellarmine · Bernard of Clairvaux · Bonaventure · Petrus Canisius · Catherine of Siena · Peter Chrysologus · John Chrysostom · Cyril of Alexandria · Cyril of Jerusalem · Peter Damian · Ephrem the Syrian · Francis de Sales · Gregory the Great · Gregory of Nazianzus · Hilary of Poitiers · Isidore of Seville · Jerome · John of Damascus · John of the Cross · Lawrence of Brindisi · Leo the Great · Alphonsus Liguori · Thérèse de Lisieux · Teresa of Ávila Pope Benedict XVI Conclave · Theology · Works · Deus Caritas Est · Sacramentum Caritatis · Summorum Pontificum · Spe Salvi Preceding Popes Pope John Paul II · Pope Paul VI · Pope John XXIII · Pope Pius XII · Pope Pius XI · Pope Benedict XV · Pope Pius X · Pope Leo XIII · Pope Pius IX Orders & Societies Assumptionist · Augustinian Order · Benedictines · Capuchin Order · Carmelites · Carthusians · Congregations of Holy Cross · Dominican Order · Franciscan orders · Jesuits · Oratory of Saint Philip Neri Vatican II Second Vatican Council · Definition of the Church · Gaudium et Spes · Lumen Gentium · Nostra Aetate Particular Churches sorted by Liturgical Traditions Alexandrian · Coptic · Ethiopic · Antiochian · Maronite · Syriac · Syro-Malankara · Armenian · Armenian · Byzantine · Albanian · Belarusian · Bulgarian · Croatian · Greek · Hungarian · Italo-Greek · Macedonian · Melkite · Romanian · Russian · Ruthenian · Slovak · Ukrainian · East Syrian · Chaldean · Syro-Malabar · Roman · Ambrosian · Sarum · Mozarabic · Anglican Use · Latin · Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter Pope Portal Catholicism Portal

v • d • e History of the Roman Catholic Church History of Roman Catholic Churches and rites including · Alexandrian · Armenian · Byzantine · West Syrian · Chaldean General History of the Roman Catholic Church · History of the Papacy  · Ecumenical Councils  · Timeline of the Roman Catholic Church · History of Christianity  · Role of Roman Catholic Church in civilization  · Art in Roman Catholicism  · Roman Catholic religious order  · Christian monasticism  · Papal States Church beginnings Jesus · Twelve Apostles · Peter the Apostle  · Paul the Apostle  · Council of Jerusalem  · St. Stephen  · St. John  · Ignatius of Antioch  · Irenaeus  · Pope Victor I · Tertullian · Apostolic Fathers Constantine to Gregory the Great Constantine I and Christianity  · Arianism  · Lateran Basilica  · First Council of Nicaea  · Pope Sylvester I  · First Council of Constantinople  · Canon  · Jerome  · Vulgate  · Council of Ephesus  · Council of Chalcedon · St Benedict · Second Council of Constantinople · Pope Gregory I · Gregorian Chant. Early Middle Ages Third Council of Constantinople  · Saint Boniface · Iconclasm  · Second Council of Nicaea  · Charlemagne · Pope Leo III  ·  · Fourth Council of Constantinople  · East-West Schism High Middle Ages Pope Urban II · Investiture controversy · Crusades  · First Council of the Lateran  · Second Council of the Lateran  · Third Council of the Lateran  · Pope Innocent III  · Latin Empire of Constantinople  · Saint Francis of Assisi  · Fourth Council of the Lateran  · Inquisition  · First Council of Lyons  · Second Council of Lyons  · Bernard of Clairvaux  · Thomas Aquinas Late Middle Ages Boniface VIII  · Avignon Papacy  · Pope Clement V  · Council of Vienne  · Knights Templar  · Catherine of Siena · Pope Alexander VI Reformation and Counter Reformation Protestant Reformation  · Counter Reformation  · Thomas More  · Pope Leo X  · Jesuits  · Francis Xavier  · Dissolution of the Monasteries · Council of Trent  · Pope Pius V · Tridentine Mass  · Robert Bellarmine Baroque Period to French Revolution Pope Innocent XI  · Benedict XIV  · Suppression of the Jesuits  · Anti-clerical measures  · Pope Pius VI  · Shimabara Rebellion  · Edict of Nantes  · French Revolution 19th Century Pope Pius VII  · Pope Pius IX  · Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary  · Our Lady of Lourdes  · First Vatican Council  · Dogma of the Papal infallibility · Leo XIII  · Rerum Novarum 20th Century Pope Saint Pius X  · Our Lady of Fatima · Persecutions · Pius XII  · Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary  · Second Vatican Council  · Paul VI  · John Paul II 21st Century Pope Benedict XVI · World Youth Day 2008 Pope Portal Catholicism Portal

v • d • e History of Roman Catholic theology Theologians  · Teachings  · Heresies General History History of the Roman Catholic Church · Early Christianity · History of the Papacy · Councils · Timeline of the Roman Catholic Church · History of Christianity · History of Christian theology Church beginnings First Epistle of Clement  · Didache · Ignatius of Antioch  · Epistle of Barnabas  · Justin Martyr  · Irenaeus  · Tertullian · Origen of Alexandria · Novatian  · Cyprian Constantine to Gregory Arianism  · Pelagianism  · Nestorianism  · Monophysitism  · Monothelitism  · Pope Leo I  · Ambrose  · Augustine of Hippo Early Middle Ages Iconoclasm  · Transubstantiation Dispute  · Predestination Disputes High Middle Ages Thomas Aquinas  · Thomism  · Anselm of Canterbury · Peter Abelard · Decretum Gratiani  · Bernard of Clairvaux  · Peter Lombard  · Hildegard of Bingen  · Saint Dominic  · Saint Francis of Assisi  · Bonaventure  · Albertus Magnus Mysticism & Reforms Duns Scotus  · Dante  · William of Ockham  · Catherine of Siena  · Brigit of Sweden · John Tauler  · Heinrich Seuse · Nicholas of Kues · Thomas à Kempis Reformation and Counter Reformation Thomas More  · John Fisher  · Thomas Cajetan  · Johannes Eck  · Ignatius of Loyola  · Francis Xavier  · Teresa of Avila  · John of the Cross · Peter Canisius  · Robert Bellarmine · Francis of Sales Baroque Period to French Revolution Bossuet  · Francisco Suárez · Fenelon Jansenism  · Blaise Pascal · Saint Alphonsus Liguori  · Saint Louis de Montfort · Alfonso Muzzarelli · Louis Thomassin  · Jean de La Fontaine 19th Century John Henry Newman · Gaetano Sanseverino  · Giovanni Maria Cornoldi  · Clemens Maria Hofbauer  · Johann Michael Sailer  · Joseph von Görres · Von Ketteler · Giuseppe Pecci  · Joseph Hergenröther  · Tommaso Maria Zigliara 20th Century Romano Guardini  · Sebastian Tromp  · Raimondo Spiazzi · Gabriel Roschini  · Hugo Rahner  · Henri de Lubac · Pius XII  · Pierre Teilhard de Chardin  · Hans Urs von Balthasar  · Yves Congar  · Karl Rahner · Hans Küng  · Edward Schillebeeckx  · Marie-Dominique Chenu  · Louis Bouyer  · Etienne Gilson  · Jean Daniélou  · John Paul II · Benedict XVI Pope Portal Catholicism Portal

v • d • e Time Persons of the Year Mohammed Mosaddeq (1951) · Elizabeth II (1952) · Konrad Adenauer (1953) · John Foster Dulles (1954) · Harlow Curtice (1955) · Hungarian Freedom Fighter (1956) · Nikita Khrushchev (1957) · Charles de Gaulle (1958) · Dwight D. Eisenhower (1959) · U.S. Scientists: George Beadle / Charles Draper / John Enders / Donald A. Glaser / Joshua Lederberg / Willard Libby / Linus Pauling / Edward Purcell / Isidor Rabi / Emilio Segrè / William Shockley / Edward Teller / Charles Townes / James Van Allen / Robert Woodward (1960) · John F. Kennedy (1961) · Pope John XXIII (1962) · Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963) · Lyndon B. Johnson (1964) · William Westmoreland (1965) · The Generation Twenty-Five and Under (1966) · Lyndon B. Johnson (1967) · The Apollo 8 Astronauts: William Anders / Frank Borman / Jim Lovell (1968) · The Middle Americans (1969) · Willy Brandt (1970) · Richard Nixon (1971) · Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon (1972) · John Sirica (1973) · King Faisal (1974) · American Women: Susan Brownmiller / Kathleen Byerly / Alison Cheek / Jill Conway / Betty Ford / Ella Grasso / Carla Hills / Barbara Jordan / Billie Jean King / Carol Sutton / Susie Sharp / Addie L. Wyatt (1975) Complete roster · 1927–1950 · 1951–1975 · 1976–2000 · 2001–present

Persondata
NAME	John XXIII, Pope
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	John XXIII; Ioannes PP. XXIII (Latin); Juan XXIII (Spanish); Giovanni XXIII (Italian); Roncalli, Angelo Giuseppe
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Pope
DATE OF BIRTH	25 November 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH	Sotto il Monte, Italy
DATE OF DEATH	3 June 1963
PLACE OF DEATH	Apostolic Palace, Vatican City